Lactic acidosis historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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{{Lactic acidosis}} | {{Lactic acidosis}} | ||
== Overview == | ==Overview== | ||
Lactic acid was first found and described in sour milk by Karl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786) in 1780. The German physician–chemist Johann Joseph Scherer (1841–1869) was the first to demonstrate the presence of lactic acid in human blood in 1843 and 1851. His 1843 case reports are the first description of lactic acid in human blood post-mortem and as a pathological finding in septic and haemorrhagic shock. Carl Folwarczny, an Austrian physician, was the first to demonstrate lactic acid in blood in a living patient in 1858. | Lactic acid was first found and described in sour milk by Karl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786) in 1780. The German physician–chemist Johann Joseph Scherer (1841–1869) was the first to demonstrate the presence of lactic acid in human blood in 1843 and 1851. His 1843 case reports are the first description of lactic acid in human blood post-mortem and as a pathological finding in septic and haemorrhagic shock. Carl Folwarczny, an Austrian physician, was the first to demonstrate lactic acid in blood in a living patient in 1858. | ||
== Discovery == | ==Discovery== | ||
*In 1843, Scherer highlighted in his book that lactic acid was present in patients of puerperal fever and not in healthy people. He was of the mind that lactic acid was formed in blood during breakdown of tissue in puerperal fever and other severe diseases. Thus, lactic acid was recorded in human blood for the first time and was associated for the first time with symptoms of septic and haemorrhagic shock. | *In 1843, Scherer highlighted in his book that lactic acid was present in patients of puerperal fever and not in healthy people. He was of the mind that lactic acid was formed in blood during breakdown of tissue in puerperal fever and other severe diseases. Thus, lactic acid was recorded in human blood for the first time and was associated for the first time with symptoms of septic and haemorrhagic shock. | ||
*in 1858, Carl Folwarczny drew blood from a leukaemia patient during life and analysed it according to Scherer's method, which tested positive for lactic acid. In 1863, Folwarczny described that lactic acid can be found in the blood of patients with leukaemia, septicaemia (pyaemia) and related conditions such as puerperal fever. | *in 1858, Carl Folwarczny drew blood from a leukaemia patient during life and analysed it according to Scherer's method, which tested positive for lactic acid. In 1863, Folwarczny described that lactic acid can be found in the blood of patients with leukaemia, septicaemia (pyaemia) and related conditions such as puerperal fever. | ||
*Georg Salomon proved in 1878 that lactic acid was also present in the blood of patients who were suffering and died from other diseases. He studied blood obtained during autopsy from cadavers, but also blood from patients obtained by bloodletting or cupping, and in some cases he compared the blood before and after death. He was able to demonstrate lactic acid in the blood of patients suffering from leukaemia, (pernicious) anaemia, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pleuritis, pericarditis, pneumonia and several solid malignant tumours. | *Georg Salomon proved in 1878 that lactic acid was also present in the blood of patients who were suffering and died from other diseases. He studied blood obtained during autopsy from cadavers, but also blood from patients obtained by bloodletting or cupping, and in some cases he compared the blood before and after death. He was able to demonstrate lactic acid in the blood of patients suffering from leukaemia, (pernicious) anaemia, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pleuritis, pericarditis, pneumonia and several solid malignant tumours. | ||
*Walter Morley Fletcher (1873–1933) and Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861–1947), in their 1907 paper demonstrated that anaerobic formation of lactic acid occurs simultaneously with muscle contraction, and is removed aerobically (depending on the availability of oxygen). | *Walter Morley Fletcher (1873–1933) and Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861–1947), in their 1907 paper demonstrated that [[Anaerobic respiration|anaerobic]] formation of lactic acid occurs simultaneously with muscle contraction, and is removed aerobically (depending on the availability of oxygen). | ||
*In 1925, Clausen identified that buildup of lactic acid in blood underlies acid-base disorders. | *In 1925, Clausen identified that buildup of lactic acid in blood underlies acid-base disorders. | ||
*In 1961, Huckabee established that lactic acidosis frequently accompanies severe illnesses and it can be attributed to widespread tissue hypoxia. | *In 1961, Huckabee established that lactic acidosis frequently accompanies severe illnesses and it can be attributed to widespread [[Hypoxia (medical)|tissue hypoxia]]. | ||
*In 1976, Cohen and Woods classified the lactic acidosis according to the presence or absence of adequate tissue oxygenation. | *In 1976, Cohen and Woods classified the lactic acidosis according to the presence or absence of adequate tissue oxygenation. | ||
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ||
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Latest revision as of 13:48, 18 November 2021
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Overview
Lactic acid was first found and described in sour milk by Karl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786) in 1780. The German physician–chemist Johann Joseph Scherer (1841–1869) was the first to demonstrate the presence of lactic acid in human blood in 1843 and 1851. His 1843 case reports are the first description of lactic acid in human blood post-mortem and as a pathological finding in septic and haemorrhagic shock. Carl Folwarczny, an Austrian physician, was the first to demonstrate lactic acid in blood in a living patient in 1858.
Discovery
- In 1843, Scherer highlighted in his book that lactic acid was present in patients of puerperal fever and not in healthy people. He was of the mind that lactic acid was formed in blood during breakdown of tissue in puerperal fever and other severe diseases. Thus, lactic acid was recorded in human blood for the first time and was associated for the first time with symptoms of septic and haemorrhagic shock.
- in 1858, Carl Folwarczny drew blood from a leukaemia patient during life and analysed it according to Scherer's method, which tested positive for lactic acid. In 1863, Folwarczny described that lactic acid can be found in the blood of patients with leukaemia, septicaemia (pyaemia) and related conditions such as puerperal fever.
- Georg Salomon proved in 1878 that lactic acid was also present in the blood of patients who were suffering and died from other diseases. He studied blood obtained during autopsy from cadavers, but also blood from patients obtained by bloodletting or cupping, and in some cases he compared the blood before and after death. He was able to demonstrate lactic acid in the blood of patients suffering from leukaemia, (pernicious) anaemia, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pleuritis, pericarditis, pneumonia and several solid malignant tumours.
- Walter Morley Fletcher (1873–1933) and Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861–1947), in their 1907 paper demonstrated that anaerobic formation of lactic acid occurs simultaneously with muscle contraction, and is removed aerobically (depending on the availability of oxygen).
- In 1925, Clausen identified that buildup of lactic acid in blood underlies acid-base disorders.
- In 1961, Huckabee established that lactic acidosis frequently accompanies severe illnesses and it can be attributed to widespread tissue hypoxia.
- In 1976, Cohen and Woods classified the lactic acidosis according to the presence or absence of adequate tissue oxygenation.