Dysfunctional uterine bleeding other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions

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{{Dysfunctional uterine bleeding}}
{{Dysfunctional uterine bleeding}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}[[User:AroojNaz|Arooj Naz]],  {{VVS}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}[[User:AroojNaz|Arooj Naz, M.B.B.S]],  {{VVS}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Other diagnostic studies helpful in detecting the underlying cause include [[D&C|dilatation and curettage]] to obtain a biopsy. Biopsies can further be studied for their underlying histological findings. [[hysteroscopy]] may also be of use in diagnosis.  
Other diagnostic studies helpful in detecting the underlying cause include [[D&C|dilatation and curettage]] to obtain a biopsy. Biopsies can further be studied for their underlying histological findings. [[hysteroscopy]] may also be of use in diagnosis.  
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!Findings
!Findings
|-
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|'''[[Endometrial polyp|Endometrial Polyps]]''' <ref name="“Radiopaedia”">{{cite web|url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/endometrial-polyp}}</ref>
|'''[[Endometrial polyp|Endometrial Polyps]]'''<ref name="“Radiopaedia”">{{cite web|url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/endometrial-polyp}}</ref>
|<br />[[File:Endometrial-polyp-with-complex-hyperplasia-and-atypia-pathology.jpg|center|thumb|335x335px|Case courtesy of Dr Mikkaela McCormack, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 44259|alt=]][[File:Endometrial-polyp-with-complex-hyperplasia-and-atypia-pathology-2.jpg|center|thumb|300x300px|Case courtesy of Dr Mikkaela McCormack, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 44259|alt=]]
|<br />[[File:Endometrial-polyp-with-complex-hyperplasia-and-atypia-pathology.jpg|center|thumb|335x335px|Case courtesy of Dr Mikkaela McCormack, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 44259|alt=]][[File:Endometrial-polyp-with-complex-hyperplasia-and-atypia-pathology-2.jpg|center|thumb|300x300px|Case courtesy of Dr Mikkaela McCormack, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 44259|alt=]]


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*dense fibrous or smooth muscle tissue
*Dense [[fibrous]] or [[smooth muscle]] tissue
*up to 5% may be premalignant or malignant
*Up to 5% may be [[premalignant]] or [[malignant]]
*covered by epithelial tissue<ref name="pmid32491756">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=32491756 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref>
*Covered by [[epithelial tissue]]<ref name="pmid32491756">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=32491756 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref>


*contain a largely vascular core; vessels with thick walls
*Contain a largely [[vascular core]]; [[vessels]] with thick walls


<br />
<br />
|-
|-
|'''[[Adenomyosis]]''' <ref name="“Radiopaedia”2">{{cite web|url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/adenomyosis}}</ref>
|'''[[Adenomyosis]]'''<ref name="“Radiopaedia”2">{{cite web|url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/adenomyosis}}</ref>
|<br />[[File:Adenomyosis-histology-1.jpeg|center|thumb|300x300px|Case courtesy of Assoc Prof Frank Gaillard, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 10173|alt=]][[File:Adenomyosis-of-the-uterus-gross-pathology-1.jpeg|center|thumb|300x300px|Case courtesy of Ed Uthman, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 10172 |alt=]]<br />
|<br />[[File:Adenomyosis-histology-1.jpeg|center|thumb|300x300px|Case courtesy of Assoc Prof Frank Gaillard, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 10173|alt=]][[File:Adenomyosis-of-the-uterus-gross-pathology-1.jpeg|center|thumb|300x300px|Case courtesy of Ed Uthman, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 10172 |alt=]]<br />
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*ectopic endometrial tissue present within the myometrial smooth muscle<ref name="pmid30969690">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=30969690 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref>
*Ectopic [[endometrial tissue]] present within the [[myometrial]] smooth muscle<ref name="pmid30969690">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=30969690 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref>
|-
|-
|'''[[Leiomyoma]]''' <ref name="“Radiopaedia”3">{{cite web|url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/uterine-leiomyoma}}</ref>
|'''[[Leiomyoma]]'''<ref name="“Radiopaedia”3">{{cite web|url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/uterine-leiomyoma}}</ref>
|<br />[[File:Extra-uterine-leiomyomata.jpg|center|thumb|300x300px|Case courtesy of Dr  Hein Els, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 45202|alt=]]<br />
|<br />[[File:Extra-uterine-leiomyomata.jpg|center|thumb|300x300px|Case courtesy of Dr  Hein Els, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 45202|alt=]]<br />
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*benign tumours made up of smooth muscle cells with fibrous connective tissue
*[[Benign tumours]] made up of [[smooth muscle]] cells with [[fibrous]] connective tissue
*composed of extracellular matrix<ref name="pmid30855861">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=30855861 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref>
*Composed of [[extracellular matrix]]<ref name="pmid30855861">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=30855861 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref>


*encapsulated with a pseudocapsule  
*Encapsulated with a [[pseudocapsule]]
|-
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|'''[[Uterine cancer|Malignancy]]''' <ref name="“Radiopaedia”42">{{cite web|url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/endometrial-carcinoma}}</ref>
|'''[[Uterine cancer|Malignancy]]'''<ref name="“Radiopaedia”42">{{cite web|url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/endometrial-carcinoma}}</ref>
|<br />[[File:Endometrial carcinoma histo.png|center|thumb|306x306px|PMID: 25969637<ref name="pmid25969637">{{cite journal| author=Faria SC, Sagebiel T, Balachandran A, Devine C, Lal C, Bhosale PR| title=Imaging in endometrial carcinoma. | journal=Indian J Radiol Imaging | year= 2015 | volume= 25 | issue= 2 | pages= 137-47 | pmid=25969637 | doi=10.4103/0971-3026.155857 | pmc=4419423 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25969637  }}</ref>|alt=]]
|<br />[[File:Endometrial carcinoma histo.png|center|thumb|306x306px|PMID: 25969637<ref name="pmid25969637">{{cite journal| author=Faria SC, Sagebiel T, Balachandran A, Devine C, Lal C, Bhosale PR| title=Imaging in endometrial carcinoma. | journal=Indian J Radiol Imaging | year= 2015 | volume= 25 | issue= 2 | pages= 137-47 | pmid=25969637 | doi=10.4103/0971-3026.155857 | pmc=4419423 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25969637  }}</ref>|alt=]]


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*Type 1: arises due to unopposed hyperestrogenism; the most common histological subtype
*Type 1: arises due to unopposed [[hyperestrogenism]]; the most common histological subtype
*Type 2: arises due to endometrial atrophy; subtypes include papillary serous, clear cell, squamous and undifferentiated carcinoma
*Type 2: arises due to endometrial atrophy; subtypes include [[papillary serous]], [[clear cell]], [[squamous]] and undifferentiated [[carcinoma]]
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Latest revision as of 01:25, 7 August 2022



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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Arooj Naz, M.B.B.S, Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Other diagnostic studies helpful in detecting the underlying cause include dilatation and curettage to obtain a biopsy. Biopsies can further be studied for their underlying histological findings. hysteroscopy may also be of use in diagnosis.

Other Diagnostic Findings

Other diagnostic findings that may be useful in diagnosis include:


Pathological Imaging
Underlying Cause Histological/ Gross Pathology Images Findings
Endometrial Polyps[1]
Case courtesy of Dr Mikkaela McCormack, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 44259
Case courtesy of Dr Mikkaela McCormack, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 44259


Adenomyosis[3]
Case courtesy of Assoc Prof Frank Gaillard, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 10173
Case courtesy of Ed Uthman, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 10172
Leiomyoma[5]
Case courtesy of Dr  Hein Els, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 45202
Malignancy[7]
PMID: 25969637[8]

References

  1. ↑ https://radiopaedia.org/articles/endometrial-polyp. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ↑ "StatPearls".   ( ). 2022:  . PMID 32491756 Check |pmid= value (help).
  3. ↑ https://radiopaedia.org/articles/adenomyosis. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ↑ "StatPearls".   ( ). 2022:  . PMID 30969690.
  5. ↑ https://radiopaedia.org/articles/uterine-leiomyoma. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ↑ "StatPearls".   ( ). 2022:  . PMID 30855861.
  7. ↑ https://radiopaedia.org/articles/endometrial-carcinoma. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ↑ Faria SC, Sagebiel T, Balachandran A, Devine C, Lal C, Bhosale PR (2015). "Imaging in endometrial carcinoma". Indian J Radiol Imaging. 25 (2): 137–47. doi:10.4103/0971-3026.155857. PMC 4419423. PMID 25969637.

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