|
|
| (12 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
|
| |
| {{Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis}} | | {{Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis}} |
| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Sujaya}} {{SHM}} |
|
| |
|
| '''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' post infectious [[encephalomyelitis]]; [[Autoimmune]] [[demyelinating disease]] of [[central nervous system]] | | '''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' post infectious [[encephalomyelitis]]; [[Autoimmune]] [[demyelinating disease]] of [[central nervous system]] |
| Line 12: |
Line 11: |
| ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis classification|Classification]]== | | ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis classification|Classification]]== |
| ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== | | ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
|
| |
| <br />
| |
|
| |
| ==Pathophysiology==
| |
|
| |
| ==Genetics==
| |
| <br />
| |
|
| |
| ==Associated Conditions==
| |
| ==Gross Pathology==
| |
| <br />
| |
|
| |
| ==Microscopic Pathology==
| |
| <br />
| |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis causes|Causes]]== | | ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis causes|Causes]]== |
| Line 31: |
Line 16: |
| ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis from other Diseases]]== | | ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis from other Diseases]]== |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| {{Reflist|2}}
| |
| | |
| {{WH}}
| |
| {{WS}}
| |
| [[Category: (name of the system)]] | | [[Category: (name of the system)]] |
|
| |
| ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
| |
| <br />
| |
|
| |
| ===Incidence===
| |
|
| |
| *The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
| |
| *In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
| |
|
| |
| ===Prevalence===
| |
|
| |
| *The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
| |
| *In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
| |
| *The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
| |
|
| |
| ===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
| |
|
| |
| *In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
| |
| *The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
| |
|
| |
| ===Age===
| |
|
| |
| *Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
| |
| *The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
| |
| *[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
| |
| *[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
| |
| *[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
| |
|
| |
| ===Race===
| |
|
| |
| *There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
| |
| *[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| ===Gender===
| |
|
| |
| *[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
| |
| *[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
| |
|
| |
| ===Region===
| |
|
| |
| *The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
| |
|
| |
| *[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
| |
|
| |
| ===Developed Countries===
| |
|
| |
| ===Developing Countries===
| |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]== | | ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| <br />
| |
| ==Overview==
| |
| There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
| |
|
| |
| ==Risk Factors==
| |
| There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
| |
|
| |
| ===Common Risk Factors===
| |
|
| |
| *Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
| |
| *Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
| |
| **[Risk factor 1]
| |
| **[Risk factor 2]
| |
| **[Risk factor 3]
| |
|
| |
| ===Less Common Risk Factors===
| |
|
| |
| *Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
| |
| **[Risk factor 1]
| |
| **[Risk factor 2]
| |
| **[Risk factor 3]
| |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis screening|Screening]]== | | ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis screening|Screening]]== |
|
| |
| ==Overview==
| |
| There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for [disease/malignancy].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] is not recommended.
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] by [test 1] is recommended every [duration] among patients with [condition 1], [condition 2], and [condition 3].
| |
|
| |
| ==Screening==
| |
| There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for [disease/malignancy].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] is not recommended.
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| According to the [guideline name], screening for [disease name] by [test 1] is recommended every [duration] among patients with:
| |
|
| |
| *[Condition 1]
| |
| *[Condition 2]
| |
| *[Condition 3]
| |
|
| |
|
| ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== | | ==[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
|
| |
| ==Overview==
| |
| If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
| |
|
| |
| ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
| |
|
| |
| ===Natural History===
| |
|
| |
| *The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.
| |
| *The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
| |
| *If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
| |
|
| |
| ===Complications===
| |
|
| |
| *Common complications of [disease name] include:
| |
| **[Complication 1]
| |
| **[Complication 2]
| |
| **[Complication 3]
| |
|
| |
| ===Prognosis===
| |
|
| |
| *Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [--]%.
| |
| *Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
| |
| *The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
| |
| *[Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
| |
| *The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis x ray|X Ray]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis CT|CT]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] | | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis x ray|X Ray]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis CT|CT]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
|
| |
| <br />
| |
|
| |
| ===Diagnostic Study of Choice===
| |
| The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| ===History and Symptoms===
| |
| The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
| |
|
| |
| ===Physical Examination===
| |
| Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| ===Laboratory Findings===
| |
| An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| [Test] is usually normal among patients with [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| ===Electrocardiogram===
| |
| There are no ECG findings associated with [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| An ECG may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an ECG suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
|
| |
| ===X-ray===
| |
| There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| An x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an x-ray suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| There are no x-ray findings associated with [disease name]. However, an x-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
| |
|
| |
| ===Echocardiography or Ultrasound===
| |
| There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| Echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
| |
|
| |
| ===CT scan===
| |
| There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| [Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
| |
|
| |
| ===MRI===
| |
| There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| [Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
| |
|
| |
| ===Other Imaging Findings===
| |
| There are no other imaging findings associated with [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| [Imaging modality] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an [imaging modality] suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
|
| |
| ===Other Diagnostic Studies===
| |
| There are no other diagnostic studies associated with [disease name].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| [Diagnostic study] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
|
| |
| OR
| |
|
| |
| Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include [diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3], and [diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] | | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
|
| |
| <br />
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Case Studies== | | ==Case Studies== |
| [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis case study one|Case #1]] | | [[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis case study one|Case #1]] |
|
| |
| ==Acknowledgements==
| |
| The content on this page was first contributed by: ELLISON L. SMITH, M.D.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Related Chapters== | | ==Related Chapters== |