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{{Eczema}}
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[[Image:Eczema-arms.jpg|thumb|left|More severe eczema]]


==Overview==
==Overview==
The term eczema refers to a set of clinical characteristics. Classification of the underlying diseases has been haphazard and unsystematic, with many [[synonym]]s used to describe the same condition. A type of eczema may be described '''by''' '''location''' (e.g. hand eczema), '''by''' '''specific appearance''' (eczema [[Craquelure|craquele]] or discoid), or '''by possible cause''' (varicose eczema). Further adding to the confusion, many sources use the term eczema and the term for the most common type of eczema (atopic eczema) interchangeably.
[[Eczema]] is classified according to [[location]], [[appearance]], or [[etiology]]. We have more common causes of eczema, such as [[seborrheic dermatitis]], and less common causes such as [[dyshidrosis]].


The European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) published a position paper in 2001 which simplifies the nomenclature of allergy-related diseases including atopic and allergic contact eczemas.<ref name="pmid11551246">{{cite journal |author=Johansson SG, Hourihane JO, Bousquet J, ''et al'' |title=A revised nomenclature for allergy. An EAACI position statement from the EAACI nomenclature task force |journal=Allergy |volume=56 |issue=9 |pages=813–24 |year=2001 |pmid=11551246 |doi=}}</ref> Non-allergic eczemas are not affected by this proposal.
==Eczema Classification==
*National Eczema Association classified [[eczema]] into different types.
*Table 1 enumerates the common types of [[eczema]] with their corresponding description.<ref name="pmid11551246">{{cite journal |author=Johansson SG, Hourihane JO, Bousquet J, ''et al'' |title=A revised nomenclature for allergy. An EAACI position statement from the EAACI nomenclature task force |journal=Allergy |volume=56 |issue=9 |pages=813–24 |year=2001 |pmid=11551246 |doi=}}</ref>


The classification below is clustered by incidence frequency:


==Common Types of Eczema==
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 1px; width: " align="center" 1000px;"
| valign="top" |
|+<big>''' Table 1. More Common types of [[Eczema]].'''
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 500px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Classification}}
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 500px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Description}}
|-
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA;" |'''[[Atopic eczema]]'''
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* This presents as [[xerosis]] and [[pruritus]]. <ref name="pmid31690388">{{cite journal| author=Peters N, Peters AT| title=Atopic dermatitis. | journal=Allergy Asthma Proc | year= 2019 | volume= 40 | issue= 6 | pages= 433-436 | pmid=31690388 | doi=10.2500/aap.2019.40.4265 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31690388  }} </ref>
|-
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA;" |'''[[Contact dermatitis]]'''
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Skin lesion]] attributed to any [[allergens]] or [[irritants]].
|-
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA;" |'''[[Seborrhoeic dermatitis]]'''
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*This is a [[papulosquamous]] [[dermatologic]] [[disease]]  appears as [[greasy]] scales on the [[scalp]].<ref name="pmid24287710">{{cite journal| author=Sampogna F, Linder D, Piaserico S, Altomare G, Bortune M, Calzavara-Pinton P | display-authors=etal| title=Quality of life assessment of patients with scalp dermatitis using the Italian version of the Scalpdex. | journal=Acta Derm Venereol | year= 2014 | volume= 94 | issue= 4 | pages= 411-4 | pmid=24287710 | doi=10.2340/00015555-1731 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24287710  }} </ref>
|-
|}


* '''[[Atopic eczema]]''' (aka infantile e., flexural e., atopic dermatitis) is believed to have a hereditary component, and often runs in families whose members also have [[hay fever]] and [[asthma]]. Itchy [[rash]] is particularly noticeable on face and scalp, neck, inside of elbows, behind knees, and buttocks. Experts are urging doctors to be more vigilant in weeding out cases that are in actuality irritant contact dermatitis. It is very common in developed countries, and rising. (L20)
==Lesser Common Types of Eczema==


* '''[[Contact dermatitis]]''' is of two types: allergic (resulting from a delayed reaction to some [[allergen]], such as [[poison ivy]] or [[nickel]]), and irritant (resulting from direct reaction to a solvent, for example). Some substances act both as allergen and irritant (e.g. wet cement). Other substances cause a problem after sunlight exposure, bringing on phototoxic dermatitis. About three quarters of cases of contact eczema are of the irritant type, which is the most common occupational skin disease. Contact eczema is curable provided the offending substance can be avoided, and its traces removed from one’s environment. (L23; L24; L56.1; L56.0)
*Table 2 highlights the lesser common types of [[eczema]] with their respective features.
[[Image:Eczema.jpg|thumb|left|A patch of eczema that has been scratched]]


* '''[[Xerotic eczema]]''' (aka asteatotic e., e. craquele or craquelatum, winter itch, pruritus hiemalis) is dry skin that becomes so serious it turns into eczema. It worsens in dry winter weather, and limbs and trunk are most often affected. The itchy, tender skin resembles a dry, cracked, river bed. This disorder is very common among the older population. [[Ichthyosis]] is a related disorder. (L85.3; L85.0)


* '''[[Seborrhoeic dermatitis]]''' (aka [[cradle cap]] in infants, [[dandruff]]) causes dry or greasy scaling of the scalp and eyebrows. Scaly pimples and red patches sometimes appear in various adjacent places. In newborns it causes a thick, yellow crusty scalp rash called cradle cap which seems related to lack of [[biotin]], and is often curable. (L21; L21.0)
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 1px; width: " align="center" 1000px;"
| valign="top" |
|+<big>''' Table 2. Lesser Common types of [[Eczema]].'''
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 500px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Classification}}
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 500px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Description}}
|-
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA;" |'''[[Dyshidrosis]]'''<br> (''[[Dyshidrotic Eczema]]'', ''[[Pompholyx]]'', ''[[Vesicular Palmoplantar Dermatitis]], or ''[[Housewife’s Eczema]]'')''</br>
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*
*Presents as [[pruritic]] [[vesicles]] with some thickening and cracks on the [[palms]] and [[soles]], as well as on the lateral borders of [[fingers]] and [[toes]].
|-
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA;" |'''[[Nummular Dermatitis]]''' <br> (''[[Discoid Eczema]]'') </br>
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*A well-demarcated round, oozing [[lesion]] mostly found on the [[lower extremities]] with an unknown etiology.
|-
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA;" |'''[[Stasis Dermatitis]]''' <br> (''[[Venous Eczema]]'', ''[[Gravitational Eczema]]'', ''[[Varicose eczema]]'') </br>
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Commonly found in the [[ankles]] of people aged 50 years old and above with [[blood circulation]] problems.
*This condition often leads to [[leg ulcers]].
|-
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA;" |'''[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]''' <br> (''[[Duhring's Disease]]'') </br>
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*This is often associated with [[celiac disease]] and has a [[symmetrical]], [[pruritic]] [[rash]] on [[arms]], [[knees]], [[back]], and [[thigh]].
|-
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA;" |'''[[Neurodermatitis]]''' <br> (''[[Localized Scratch Dermatitis]]'', ''[[Lichen Simplex Chronicus]]'') </br>
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Thickened]], [[hyperpigmented]], [[pruritic]] [[patch]].
|-
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA;" |'''[[Autoeczematization]]''' <br> (''[[Autosensitization]]'') </br>
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*[[Skin]] reaction to [[microorganisms]], which manifests a few distance away from the original site of [[infection]].
|-
|}


==Less Common Types of Eczema==
==Source==
 
{{cite web |url=https://nationaleczema.org/eczema/types-of-eczema/dyshidrotic-eczema/ |title=Dyshidrotic eczema – Symptoms and causes &#124; National Eczema Association |format= |work= |accessdate=}}
* '''[[Dyshidrosis]]''' (aka dyshidrotic e., pompholyx, vesicular palmoplantar dermatitis, housewife’s eczema) only occurs on palms, soles, and sides of fingers and toes. Tiny opaque bumps called vesicles, thickening, and cracks are accompanied by itching which gets worse at night. A common type of hand eczema, it worsens in warm weather. (L30.1)
 
* '''[[nummular dermatitis|Discoid eczema]]''' (aka nummular e., exudative e., microbial e.) is characterized by round spots of oozing or dry rash, with clear boundaries, often on lower legs. It is usually worse in winter. Cause is unknown, and the condition tends to come and go. (L30.0)
 
* '''[[stasis dermatitis|Venous eczema]]''' (aka gravitational e., stasis dermatitis, varicose e.) occurs in people with impaired circulation, varicose veins and edema, and is particularly common in the ankle area of people over 50. There is redness, scaling, darkening of the skin and itching. The disorder predisposes to [[venous ulcer|leg ulcers]]. (I83.1)
 
* '''[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]''' (aka Duhring’s Disease) causes intensely itchy and typically symmetrical rash on arms, thighs, knees, and back. It is directly related to [[celiac disease]] and can often be put into remission with appropriate diet. (L13.0)
 
* '''[[Neurodermatitis]]''' (aka [[lichen simplex chronicus]], localized scratch dermatitis) is an itchy area of thickened, pigmented eczema patch that results from habitual rubbing and scratching. Usually there is only one spot. Often curable through behavior modification and anti-inflammatory medication. [[Prurigo nodularis]] is a related disorder showing multiple lumps. (L28.0; L28.1)
 
* '''[[Autoeczematization]]''' (aka id reaction, autosensitization) is an eczematous reaction to an infection with parasites, fungi, bacteria or viruses. It is completely curable with the clearance of the original infection that caused it. The appearance varies depending on the cause. It always occurs some distance away from the original infection. (L30.2)
 
* There are also eczemas overlaid by viral infections (e. herpeticum, [[eczema vaccinatum|e. vaccinatum]]), and eczemas resulting from underlying disease (e.g. [[lymphoma]]). Eczemas originating from ingestion of medications, foods, and chemicals, have not yet been clearly systematized. Other rare eczematous disorders exist in addition to those listed here.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 07:43, 13 November 2023

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, DMD, MD[2]

Overview

Eczema is classified according to location, appearance, or etiology. We have more common causes of eczema, such as seborrheic dermatitis, and less common causes such as dyshidrosis.

Eczema Classification

  • National Eczema Association classified eczema into different types.
  • Table 1 enumerates the common types of eczema with their corresponding description.[1]


 Table 1. More Common types of Eczema.
Classification Description
Atopic eczema
Contact dermatitis
Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Lesser Common Types of Eczema

  • Table 2 highlights the lesser common types of eczema with their respective features.


 Table 2. Lesser Common types of Eczema.
Classification Description
Dyshidrosis
(Dyshidrotic Eczema, Pompholyx, Vesicular Palmoplantar Dermatitis, or Housewife’s Eczema)
Nummular Dermatitis
(Discoid Eczema)
Stasis Dermatitis
(Venous Eczema, Gravitational Eczema, Varicose eczema)
Dermatitis herpetiformis
(Duhring's Disease)
Neurodermatitis
(Localized Scratch Dermatitis, Lichen Simplex Chronicus)
Autoeczematization
(Autosensitization)

Source

"Dyshidrotic eczema – Symptoms and causes | National Eczema Association".

References

  1. ↑ Johansson SG, Hourihane JO, Bousquet J; et al. (2001). "A revised nomenclature for allergy. An EAACI position statement from the EAACI nomenclature task force". Allergy. 56 (9): 813–24. PMID 11551246.
  2. ↑ Peters N, Peters AT (2019). "Atopic dermatitis". Allergy Asthma Proc. 40 (6): 433–436. doi:10.2500/aap.2019.40.4265. PMID 31690388.
  3. ↑ Sampogna F, Linder D, Piaserico S, Altomare G, Bortune M, Calzavara-Pinton P; et al. (2014). "Quality of life assessment of patients with scalp dermatitis using the Italian version of the Scalpdex". Acta Derm Venereol. 94 (4): 411–4. doi:10.2340/00015555-1731. PMID 24287710.
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