Cerebral hypoxia: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
(10 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
{{Infobox Disease |
{{Infobox Disease |
   Name          = Cerebral hypoxia |
   Name          = Cerebral hypoxia |
Line 7: Line 8:
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


'''For patient information, click [[Cerebral hypoxia (patient information)|here]].'''


{{SK}} Hypoxic encephalopathy; anoxic encephalopathy


:''This article is about "cerebral hypoxia". For other uses of the term "hypoxia", see [[hypoxia]].''
==[[Cerebral hypoxia overview|Overview]]==


== Prognosis ==
==[[Cerebral hypoxia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


Mild and moderate cerebral hypoxia generally has no impact beyond the episode of hypoxia. Severe cerebral hypoxia is another matter.  Outcome will depend on the success of damage control measures, the amount of brain tissue deprived of oxygen, and the speed with which oxygen was restored to the brain.
==[[Cerebral hypoxia classification|Classification]]==
If  cerebral hypoxia was localized to a specific part of the brain, brain damage will be localized to that region.  The long term effects will depend on the purpose of that portion of the brain.  Damage to the Broca and [[Wernicke]]’s areas of the brain (left side) typically causes problems with speech and language. Damage to the right side of the brain may interfere with the ability to express emotions or interpret what one sees.  Damage on either side can cause paralysis of the opposite side of the body.


The effects of certain kinds of severe generalized hypoxias may take time to develop.  For example, the long term effects of serious carbon monoxide poisoning usually may take several weeks to appear. Recent research suggests this may be due to an autoimmune response caused by CO induced changes in the myelin sheath surrounding neurons.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/09/040906083815.htm | title = Long-term Effects Of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Are An Autoimmune Reaction | author = University Of Pennsylvania Medical Center | date = September 6, 2004 | accessdate = 2007-04-13 | publisher = ScienceDaily}}</ref>
==[[Cerebral hypoxia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


If hypoxia results in coma, the length of unconsciousness is often used as an indication of long term damage.  In some cases coma can give the brain an opportunity to heal and regenerate,<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn9474&feedId=brain_rss20 | title = 'Rewired brain' revives patient after 19 years | last = Phillips | first = Helen | date = July 3, 2006 | accessdate = 2007-04-13 | publisher = New Scientist}}</ref> but, in general, the longer a coma continues the greater the likelihood that the person will remain in a vegetative state until death.<ref name="NINDS"/>  Even if the patient wakes up, brain damage is likely to be significant enough to prevent a return to normal functioning.
==[[Cerebral hypoxia causes|Causes]]==


The effects of long term comas are not limited to the comatose person.  Long term coma can have significant impact on their families.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/coma/DS00724/DSECTION=10 | title = Coma: Coping skills | author = Mayo Clinic staff | date = May 17, 2006 | accessdate = 2007-04-13 | publisher = Mayo Clinic}}</ref> Families of coma victims often have idealized images of the outcome based on Hollywood movie depictions of coma.<ref>Wijdicks EFM, Wijdicks CA (2006). "The portrayal of coma in contemporary motion pictures". ''Neurology'' '''66''' (9): 1300–1303. PMID 16682658.</ref>  Adjusting to the realities of ventilators, feeding tubes, bedsores and muscle wasting may be difficult.<ref>Konig P ''et al'' (1992). "Psychological counseling of the family of patients with craniocerebral injuries (psychological family counseling of severely ill patients)". ''Zentralbl Neurochir'' '''53''' (2): 78–84. PMID 1636327.</ref>  Treatment decision often  involve complex ethical choices and can strain family dynamics.<ref>Montgomery V ''et al'' (2002). "The effect of severe traumatic brain injury on the family". ''J Trauma'' '''52''' (6): 1121–4. PMID 12045640.</ref>
==[[Cerebral hypoxia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Cerebral hypoxia from other Diseases]]==


==See also==
==[[Cerebral hypoxia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 
==[[Cerebral hypoxia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==Diagnosis==
 
[[Cerebral hypoxia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Cerebral hypoxia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Cerebral hypoxia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Cerebral hypoxia electrocardiogram|EKG]] | [[Cerebral hypoxia CT|CT]] | [[Cerebral hypoxia MRI|MRI]] | [[Cerebral hypoxia echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Cerebral hypoxia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Cerebral hypoxia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
 
[[Cerebral hypoxia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Cerebral hypoxia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Cerebral hypoxia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Cerebral hypoxia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Cerebral hypoxia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Cerebral hypoxia case study one|Case #1]]
 
==Related Chapters==


* [[Altitude sickness]]
* [[Altitude sickness]]
* [[Deep water blackout]]
* [[Deep water blackout]]
* [[Physical trauma]]
* [[Physical trauma]]
* [[Hypoxia (medical)]]
* [[Hypoxia]]
* [[Choking game]]
* [[Choking game]]
* Space exposure


==References==
 
{{Reflist|2}}


{{CNS diseases of the nervous system}}
{{CNS diseases of the nervous system}}

Latest revision as of 15:16, 30 January 2013

Cerebral hypoxia
Diffuse hypoxic ischemia.
Image courtesy of RadsWiki

Cerebral hypoxia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Cerebral hypoxia from other Diseases

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Cerebral hypoxia On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cerebral hypoxia

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Cerebral hypoxia

CDC on Cerebral hypoxia

Cerebral hypoxia in the news

Blogs on Cerebral hypoxia

Directions to Hospitals Treating Type page name here

Risk calculators and risk factors for Cerebral hypoxia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

For patient information, click here.

Synonyms and keywords: Hypoxic encephalopathy; anoxic encephalopathy

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Cerebral hypoxia from other Diseases

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | EKG | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters


Template:CNS diseases of the nervous system Template:Vascular diseases

it:Anossia cerebrale


Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Cerebral_hypoxia&oldid=837537"