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   Image          = Sinus arrest.gif|
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{{Sinoatrial arrest}}
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'''For patient information, click [[Sinoatrial arrest (patient information)|here]]'''
 
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{{Editor Help}}
{{SK}} sinus arrest; sinus pause
 
==[[Sinoatrial arrest overview|Overview]]==
 
==[[Sinoatrial arrest historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
 
==[[Sinoatrial arrest pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==Overview==
==[[Sinoatrial arrest causes|Causes]]==
Under certain circumstances, the [[SA node]] fails to initiate an impulse at the expected time in the [[cardiac cycle]]. In the absence of an impulse from the SA Node neither the atria or the [[ventricle]]s are stimulated and thus an entire PQRST complex drops out for 1 beat(or more). This is called Sinoatrial(SA) Arrest. In other instances the impulse is initiated normally but is blocked within the SA Node and never reaches the atria and ventricles.


==Differential diagnosis of underlying causes of sinus arrest==
==[[Sinoatrial arrest differential diagnosis|Differentiating Sinoatrial arrest from other Diseases]]==
*[[Hyperkalemia]]
 
:* Decreased [[P wave]] amplitude occurs when the K is > 7.0 meq/li
==[[Sinoatrial arrest epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
:* [[P wave]]s may be absent when the K is > 8.8 meq/li
 
:* The impulses are still being generated in the [[SA node]] and are conducted to the ventricles through specialized atrial fibers without depolarizing the atrial muscle
==[[Sinoatrial arrest risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
:* Moderate or sever hyperkalemia can cause [[sinus arrest]] <ref name="pmid16792034">{{cite journal |author=Bonvini RF, Hendiri T, Anwar A |title=Sinus arrest and moderate hyperkalemia |journal=[[Annales De Cardiologie Et D'angéiologie]] |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=161–3 |year=2006 |month=June |pmid=16792034 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref>
 
*[[Lidocaine]]
==[[Sinoatrial arrest natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==Diagnosis==
 
[[Sinoatrial arrest history and symptoms|History and Symptoms ]] | [[ Sinoatrial arrest physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Sinoatrial arrest laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Sinoatrial arrest electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Sinoatrial arrest chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Sinoatrial arrest echocardiography|Echocardiography]] | [[Sinoatrial arrest other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Sinoatrial arrest other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
* Discontinue the agent that may be causing sinus arrest and treat [[hyperkalemia]]. 
[[Sinoatrial arrest medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Sinoatrial arrest surgery |Surgery]] | [[Sinoatrial arrest primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Sinoatrial arrest secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Sinoatrial arrest cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Sinoatrial arrest future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
* Isoproterenol can be used to increase the rate of the escape pacemaker.
 
* Finally, a temporary pacemaker wire can be placed.
==Case Studies==
[[Sinoatrial arrest case study one|Case #1]]


{{Electrocardiography}}
{{Electrocardiography}}
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[[Category:Electrophysiology]]
 
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
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Latest revision as of 15:19, 5 September 2013

Sinoatrial arrest

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Sinoatrial arrest from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

Echocardiography

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: sinus arrest; sinus pause

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Sinoatrial arrest from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | Echocardiography | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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