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'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Group B streptococcal infection}}
{{Group B streptococcal infection}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Rim}}


==Overview==
{{SK}} Group B streptococcus, GBS, GBS disease, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. agalactiae
Infection with '''Group B Streptococcus''' (GBS), also known as '''[[Streptococcus agalactiae]]''', can cause serious illness and sometimes [[death]], especially in newborn infants and the elderly. Group B streptococci are also important [[pathogen]]s in veterinary [[medicine]], because they can cause bovine [[mastitis]] ([[inflammation]] of the [[udder]]) in dairy cows. The species name "agalactiae" meaning "no milk", alludes to this.
[[Streptococcus]] is a [[genus]] of spherical, [[Gram-positive]] bacteria of the phylum [[Firmicutes]]. [[Streptococcus agalactiae]] is a [[gram-positive]] streptococcus characterized by the presence of Group B [[Lancefield antigen]], and so takes the name Group B Streptococcus.


==Perinatal disease==
==[[Group B streptococcal infection overview|Overview]]==
[[Image:Group B Strep.jpg|left|500px|U.S. Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease, CDC]]  
GBS is a member of the normal [[gut flora|flora of the gut]] and female [[urogenital]] tract, so many women are [[asymptomatic carrier|carrier]]s of this bacterium without knowing it. GBS colonization can be [[chronic (medicine)|chronic]] or intermittent.


GBS bacteria can be passed from a [[pregnant]] women to her baby during [[childbirth|labor]], if she is a [[asymptomatic carrier|carrier]] of the bacteria.
==[[Group B streptococcal infection historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


===[[Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease]]===
==[[Group B streptococcal infection classification|Classification]]==
One out of every four women are colonized with GBS in the vagina or rectum.<ref name="cdcwebsite">
{{cite web
  | title = Preventing Group B Strep: Are You Pregnant? Protect your baby from group B strep!
  | publisher = Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  | date = 2004-02-09
  | url = http://www.cdc.gov/groupbstrep/
  | format = pdf
  | accessdate = 2007-10-18 }}</ref> Since the bacteria can come and go, testing for GBS is needed every  pregnancy. Toward the end of a pregnancy, the [[vagina]] and [[rectum]] are cultured with a swab at a [[prenatal]] appointment. Women with GBS are given an [[antibiotic]] during labor. Evidence based research studies show that using this test can reduce infant [[infection]]s.


===Perinatal GBS disease prevention===
==[[Group B streptococcal infection pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
Through collaborative efforts clinicians, researchers, professional organizations, parent advocacy groups, and the [[public health]] community developed recommendations for intrapartum [[prophylaxis]] to prevent Perinatal GBS disease. Many organizations have developed [[Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease|Perinatal GBS disease]] [[prevention]] and education programs to reduce the [[incidence]] of the disease. Information about the recommendations and the prevention programs can be found in [[medical journal]]s and on the internet.


==References==
==[[Group B streptococcal infection causes|Causes]]==
*Brooks, Geo F., Janet Butel, and Stephen Morse.  <u>Jawetz, Melnick, and Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 22nd edition</u>. 2001.
*Gillespie, Stephen and Kathleen Bamford. <u>Medical Microbiology at a Glance</u>. 2000.
{{reflist|2}}


==See also==
==[[Group B streptococcal infection differential diagnosis|Differentiating Group B Streptococcal Infection from other Diseases]]==
*[[Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease]]


{{Bacterial diseases}}
==[[Group B streptococcal infection epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
[[fr:Streptocoque B]]
 
==[[Group B streptococcal infection risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 
==[[Group B streptococcal infection screening|Screening]]==
 
==[[Group B streptococcal infection natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==Diagnosis==
 
[[Group B streptococcal infection history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Group B streptococcal infection physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Group B streptococcal infection laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]]
 
==Treatment==


[[Group B streptococcal infection medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Group B streptococcal infection primary prevention|Primary Prevention]]  |  [[Group B streptococcal infection secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]]  |  [[Group B streptococcal infection future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


{{Bacterial diseases}}


[[Category:Streptococcaceae]]
[[Category:Streptococcaceae]]
[[Category:Obstetrics]]
[[Category:Obstetrics]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Neonatology]]


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Latest revision as of 17:51, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Group B streptococcus, GBS, GBS disease, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. agalactiae

Overview

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