Polio history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Most cases of poliomyelitis are [[asymptomatic]]. The [[symptomatic]] cases may occur as 3 different clinical [[syndromes]]. 4 to 8% of the [[symptomatic]] cases present as abortive poliomyelitis, a mild form of the disease that may include [[symptoms]] similar to those of [[gastroenteritis]], acute [[respiratory infection]] and [[flu]]-like disease. | Most cases of poliomyelitis are [[asymptomatic]]. The [[symptomatic]] cases may occur as 3 different clinical [[syndromes]]. 4 to 8% of the [[symptomatic]] cases present as abortive poliomyelitis, a mild form of the disease that may include [[symptoms]] similar to those of [[gastroenteritis]], acute [[respiratory infection]] and [[flu]]-like disease. Two percent of the [[symptomatic]] cases present as non-paralytic poliomyelitis, with [[symptoms]] that may include [[fever]], [[headache]], [[neck pain|neck]], [[back pain|back]], [[abdominal pain|abdominal]], limb pain, [[sensory]] abnormalities, [[muscle spasms]], and [[irritability]]. In less than 1% of [[symptomatic]] cases, the disease presents as [[paralytic]] poliomyelitis, with [[symptoms]] of non-paralytic poliomyelitis, as well as [[muscle weakness]], asymmetrical [[paralysis]], [[muscle atrophy]], [[tremors]], and [[skeletal]] deformities. | ||
==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
* About 95% of patients with | * About 95% of patients with a healthy [[immune system]] do not develop [[symptoms]] of poliomyelitis.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Poliomyelitis | url = http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/polio.html }}</ref> | ||
* Approximately 4 to 8% of infections with [[poliovirus]] result in minor, nonspecific disease, without clinical or laboratory evidence of [[CNS]] involvement. This form of the disease is called abortive poliomyelitis.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Poliomyelitis | url = http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/polio.html }}</ref> | * Approximately 4 to 8% of infections with [[poliovirus]] result in minor, nonspecific disease, without clinical or laboratory evidence of [[CNS]] involvement. This form of the disease is called abortive poliomyelitis.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Poliomyelitis | url = http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/polio.html }}</ref> | ||
* In about 1 to 2% of [[ | * In about 1 to 2% of [[poliovirus]] [[infections]], the disease manifests as non-paralytic poliomyelitis. [[Symptoms]] usually appear several days after an initial [[prodrome]] that is similar to that of abortive poliomyelitis.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Poliomyelitis | url = http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/polio.html }}</ref> | ||
* Less than 1% of patients infected with [[poliovirus]] develop paralytic poliomyelitis. In this form of the disease, [[symptoms]] usually appear 1 to 10 days after initial [[prodromal]] [[symptoms]], progressing | * Less than 1% of patients infected with [[poliovirus]] develop paralytic poliomyelitis. In this form of the disease, [[symptoms]] usually appear 1 to 10 days after the initial [[prodromal]] [[symptoms]], progressing over 2 to 3 days.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Poliomyelitis | url = http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/polio.html }}</ref> | ||
===Abortive Poliomyelitis=== | ===Abortive Poliomyelitis=== | ||
Common [[symptoms]] of abortive poliomyelitis may mimic those of [[gastroenteritis]], acute [[respiratory infection]], and [[influenza]]-like disease, such as:<ref name="fal">{{cite journal |author=Falconer M, Bollenbach E |title=Late functional loss in nonparalytic polio |journal=American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=19–23 |year=2000 |pmid=10678598}}</ref> | |||
* [[Fever]] | * [[Fever]] | ||
* [[Nausea]] | * [[Nausea]] | ||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
===Non-Paralytic Poliomyelitis=== | ===Non-Paralytic Poliomyelitis=== | ||
Common [[symptoms]] of non-paralytic poliomyelitis may include:<ref>{{cite journal |author=Falconer M, Bollenbach E |title=Late functional loss in nonparalytic polio |journal=American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=19–23 |year=2000 |pmid=10678598}}</ref> | Common [[symptoms]] of non-paralytic poliomyelitis may include:<ref name="fal">{{cite journal |author=Falconer M, Bollenbach E |title=Late functional loss in nonparalytic polio |journal=American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=19–23 |year=2000 |pmid=10678598}}</ref> | ||
* [[Fever]] | * [[Fever]] | ||
* [[Headache]] | * [[Headache]] | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
===Paralytic Poliomyelitis=== | ===Paralytic Poliomyelitis=== | ||
Common symptoms of paralytic poliomyelitis may include those of non-paralytic poliomyelitis. Additional symptoms may include:<ref name= Encephalitis>{{cite book |author=Wood, Lawrence D. H.; Hall, Jesse B.; Schmidt, Gregory D. |title=Principles of Critical Care, Third Edition |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |location= |year=2005 |pages=870 |isbn=0-07-141640-4 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Falconer M, Bollenbach E |title=Late functional loss in nonparalytic polio |journal=American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=19–23 |year=2000 |pmid=10678598}}</ref><ref name="pmid8442872">{{cite journal| author=Alcalá H| title=[The differential diagnosis of poliomyelitis and other acute flaccid paralyses]. | journal=Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex | year= 1993 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 136-44 | pmid=8442872 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8442872 }} </ref> | Common symptoms of paralytic poliomyelitis may include those of non-paralytic poliomyelitis. Additional symptoms may include:<ref name= Encephalitis>{{cite book |author=Wood, Lawrence D. H.; Hall, Jesse B.; Schmidt, Gregory D. |title=Principles of Critical Care, Third Edition |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |location= |year=2005 |pages=870 |isbn=0-07-141640-4 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><ref name="fal">{{cite journal |author=Falconer M, Bollenbach E |title=Late functional loss in nonparalytic polio |journal=American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=19–23 |year=2000 |pmid=10678598}}</ref><ref name="pmid8442872">{{cite journal| author=Alcalá H| title=[The differential diagnosis of poliomyelitis and other acute flaccid paralyses]. | journal=Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex | year= 1993 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 136-44 | pmid=8442872 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8442872 }} </ref> | ||
* [[Muscle weakness]] | * [[Muscle weakness]] | ||
* Asymmetrical [[paralysis]] | * Asymmetrical [[paralysis]] | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
* [[Tremors]] | * [[Tremors]] | ||
* [[Skeletal]] deformities | * [[Skeletal]] deformities | ||
* [[Shortness of breath]]<ref name="mend">{{cite book | last = Mandell | first = Gerald | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2010 | isbn = 0443068399 }}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
Latest revision as of 23:46, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Most cases of poliomyelitis are asymptomatic. The symptomatic cases may occur as 3 different clinical syndromes. 4 to 8% of the symptomatic cases present as abortive poliomyelitis, a mild form of the disease that may include symptoms similar to those of gastroenteritis, acute respiratory infection and flu-like disease. Two percent of the symptomatic cases present as non-paralytic poliomyelitis, with symptoms that may include fever, headache, neck, back, abdominal, limb pain, sensory abnormalities, muscle spasms, and irritability. In less than 1% of symptomatic cases, the disease presents as paralytic poliomyelitis, with symptoms of non-paralytic poliomyelitis, as well as muscle weakness, asymmetrical paralysis, muscle atrophy, tremors, and skeletal deformities.
History and Symptoms
- About 95% of patients with a healthy immune system do not develop symptoms of poliomyelitis.[1]
- Approximately 4 to 8% of infections with poliovirus result in minor, nonspecific disease, without clinical or laboratory evidence of CNS involvement. This form of the disease is called abortive poliomyelitis.[1]
- In about 1 to 2% of poliovirus infections, the disease manifests as non-paralytic poliomyelitis. Symptoms usually appear several days after an initial prodrome that is similar to that of abortive poliomyelitis.[1]
- Less than 1% of patients infected with poliovirus develop paralytic poliomyelitis. In this form of the disease, symptoms usually appear 1 to 10 days after the initial prodromal symptoms, progressing over 2 to 3 days.[1]
Abortive Poliomyelitis
Common symptoms of abortive poliomyelitis may mimic those of gastroenteritis, acute respiratory infection, and influenza-like disease, such as:[2]
Non-Paralytic Poliomyelitis
Common symptoms of non-paralytic poliomyelitis may include:[2]
- Fever
- Headache
- Neck pain
- Back pain
- Abdominal pain
- Limb pain
- Sensory abnormalities
- Vomiting
- Lethargy
- Irritability
- Muscle spasms
Paralytic Poliomyelitis
Common symptoms of paralytic poliomyelitis may include those of non-paralytic poliomyelitis. Additional symptoms may include:[3][2][4]
- Muscle weakness
- Asymmetrical paralysis
- Muscle atrophy
- Tremors
- Skeletal deformities
- Shortness of breath[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Poliomyelitis".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Falconer M, Bollenbach E (2000). "Late functional loss in nonparalytic polio". American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists. 79 (1): 19–23. PMID 10678598.
- ↑ Wood, Lawrence D. H.; Hall, Jesse B.; Schmidt, Gregory D. (2005). Principles of Critical Care, Third Edition. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 870. ISBN 0-07-141640-4.
- ↑ Alcalá H (1993). "[The differential diagnosis of poliomyelitis and other acute flaccid paralyses]". Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 50 (2): 136–44. PMID 8442872.
- ↑ Mandell, Gerald (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN 0443068399.