Hematemesis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: John Fani Srour, M.D.

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Arterial, venous, or other vascular malformations, Idiopathic angiomas, Dieulafoy's lesion, Angiodysplasia, Aortic Coarctation, Aortoenteric fistula
Chemical / poisoning	Caustic ingestion
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Abciximab, Alendronate, Aspirin, Clopidogrel , Coumadin, Drotrecogin alfa, Febuxostat, Flurbiprofen, Goserelin, Heparin, Mitomycin, Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, Oxaprozin, Oxcarbazepine, Potassium chloride, Pramipexole, Quinidine, Quinidine, Sargramostim, Tetracycline, Tetracycline (pill induced esophagitis), Ticlopidine, Theophylline, Zonisamide
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Portal hypertension, Esophageal varices, Gastric varices, Duodenal varices, Portal hypertensive gastropathy, Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN), Pseudomembranous esophagitis, Watermelon stomach (gastric antral vascular ectasia), Mallory-Weiss tear, Aortoenteric fistula, Carcinoid, Cow's milk allergy, Dieulafoy's lesion, Esophageal cancer, Esophageal dilatation, Esophageal melanosis, Esophagitis, Helicobacter pylori, Hemobilia, Hemosuccus pancreaticus, Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Heterotopic pancreatic tissue, Intestinal duplication, Parasites, Schistosomiasis
Genetic	Duplication cysts, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, Intestinal duplication
Hematologic	Ticlopidine, Clopidogrel, Hemophilia, Drug-induced thrombocytopenia, Von Willebrand disease, Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Coagulopathy, Disseminated intravascular coagulation, Drotrecogin alfa, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
Iatrogenic	Radiation-induced telangiectasia, Traumatic or post-surgical, Mallory-Weiss tear, Foreign body ingestion, pill induced esophagitis, Post-surgical anastamosis Aortoenteric fistula, Post gastric/duodenal polypectomy, Munchausen syndrome by proxy, Caustic ingestion, Esophageal dilatation, Foreign body ingestion
Infectious Disease	Helicobacter pylori, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, Candida albicans, Parasites, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Schistosomiasis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Leiomyoma, Lipoma, Polyp (hyperplastic, adenomatous, hamartomatous), Adenocarcinoma, Lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, Carcinoid, Melanoma, Metastatic tumor, Kasabach-Merritt syndromes, Systemic mastocytosis, Zollinger Ellison syndrome,
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	Munchausen syndrome by proxy, Stress-induced ulcer,
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Cow's milk allergy, Vasculitis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Heterotopic pancreatic tissue

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Abciximab
• Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN)
• Adenocarcinoma
• Alendronate induced esophagitis
• Angiodysplasia
• Angioma
• Aortic Coarctation
• Aortoenteric fistula
• Arterial, venous, or other vascular malformations
• Aspirin induced ulcers or gastritis
• Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome
• Candida albicans esophagitis
• Carcinoid tumors in the stomach
• Caustic ingestion
• Clopidogrel
• Coagulopathy
• Congenital malformations
• Coumadin
• Cow's milk allergy is a significant reason for haematemesis in newborns
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
• Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
• Dieulafoy's lesion
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation
• Drotrecogin alfa
• Drug-induced thrombocytopenia
• Duodenal varices
• Duplication cysts
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Esophageal cancer
• Esophageal dilatation (iatrogenic)
• Esophageal melanosis
• Esophagitis
• Flurbiprofen
• Foreign body ingestion especially in children
• Gastric varices
• Helicobacter pylorirelated gastritis or peptic ulcer disease
• Hemobilia
• Hemophilia
• Hemosuccus pancreaticus
• Heparin
• Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
• Herpes simplex virus esophagitis
• Heterotopic pancreatic tissue
• Idiopathic
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Intestinal duplication a cause of haematemesis in children
• Kaposi's sarcoma
• Kasabach-Merritt syndromes
• Leiomyoma
• Lipoma
• Lymphoma
• Mallory-Weiss syndrome
• Melanoma
• Metastatic tumor to the upper GI tract
• Munchausen syndrome by proxy a reason for recurrent haemtemesis in children
• Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
• Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
• Oxaprozin
• Parasites
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Pill-induced esophagitis
• Polyp (hyperplastic, adenomatous, hamartomatous, etc)
• Portal hypertension
• Portal hypertensive gastropathy
• Post gastric/duodenal polypectomy
• Post-surgical anastamosis
• Potassium chloride induced esophagitis or gastritis
• Pseudomembranous esophagitis
• Quinidine
• Radiation-induced telangiectasia
• Rift valley fever
• Sargramostim
• Schistosomiasis
• Sibutramine
• Stress-induced ulcer
• Systemic mastocytosis
• Tetracycline (pill induced esophagitis)
• Ticlopidine
• Traumatic or post-surgical
• Vasculitis
• Von Willebrand disease
• Watermelon stomach (gastric antral vascular ectasia)
• Zollinger Ellison syndrome ( diffuse upper GI ulcerations)