Viral encephalitis causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
 
(26 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Encephalitis}}
{{Viral encephalitis}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}}; [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]; {{AG}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
 
Life-threatening causes of encephalitis include ''[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]'' and [[Dengue fever]]. Common causes of encephalitis include infections with viruses such as [[arbovirus]]s, [[herpes simplex]], [[measles]], [[mumps]], [[polio]], and [[rabies]], which often lead to an autoimmune response. Less common causes of encephalitis include chronic autoimmune disorders and infections with [[bacteria]], [[fungi]], and [[parasites]].
Encephalitis is an [[Acute (medical)|acute]] [[inflammation]] of the [[brain]], commonly caused by a [[virus|viral]] [[infection]]. Sometimes, encephalitis can result from a [[bacteria]]l infection, such as bacterial [[meningitis]], or it may be a complication of other infectious diseases like [[rabies]] (viral) or [[syphilis]] (bacterial). Certain [[parasitic]] or [[protozoa]]l infestations, such as [[toxoplasmosis]], [[malaria]], or [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]], can also cause encephalitis in people with [[immune deficiency|compromised]] [[immune system]]s. Additionally, fungal, and autoimmune disorders can also produce encephalitis


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Life-threatening causes include:<ref name="pmid24374438">{{cite journal| author=Matin A, Jung SY, Nawaz S| title=In vitro assessment of cytokines interactions with Balamuthia mandrillaris using human brain microvascular endothelial cells. | journal=Pak J Pharm Sci | year= 2014 | volume= 27 | issue= 1 | pages= 107-13 | pmid=24374438 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24374438  }} </ref>
 
*[[Balamuthia mandrillaris]]
*[[Dengue fever]]
*[[Dengue fever]]
If left untreated, these conditions may result in subsequent [[mortality]] or permanent disability within 24 hours.


===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
* [[Arbovirus]]
*[[Arbovirus]]
* [[Herpes simplex virus]]
*[[Herpes simplex virus]]
* [[Measles (patient information)|Measles]]
*[[Measles]]
* [[Mumps (patient information)|Mumps]]
*[[Mumps]]
* [[Poliomyelitis (patient information)|Polio]]
*[[Poliomyelitis|Polio]]
* [[Rabies (patient information)|Rabies]]
*[[Rabies]]


==Causes by Organ System==
==Causes by Organ System==
Line 25: Line 25:
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |[[Kawasaki disease]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenic]], [[heavy metal ingestion|heavy metal toxicity]], [[icaridin]], [[organophosphate poisoning]], [[poison hemlock]], [[thallium]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Behcet disease]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Zanamivir]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acyclovir]], [[interferon]], [[kynurenic acid]], [[levodopa]], [[methamphetamine]], [[trimethobenzamide]], [[zanamivir]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cholesteatoma]], [[labyrinthitis]], [[sinusitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Myasthenia gravis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 53: Line 53:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Porphyria]], [[Reye's syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aicardi-Goutières syndrome]], [[biotinidase deficiency]], [[familial histiocytic reticulosis]], [[hemophagocytic reticulosis]], [[ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency]], [[porphyria]], [[Smith-Magenis syndrome|Smith disease]], [[Tourette syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vasculitic Neuropathy]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial histiocytic reticulosis]], [[hemophagocytic reticulosis]], [[autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome|lymphoproliferative syndrome]], [[porphyria]], [[x-linked agammaglobulinemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 69: Line 69:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Botulism]], [[diphtheria]], [[lyme disease]], [[poliomyelitis]], [[CMV]], paresis caused by [[West Nile fever]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[alkhurma virus]], [[Borrelia burgdorferi]], [[botulism]], [[brome mosaic virus]], [[California encephalitis virus]], [[campylobacter fetus]], [[capnocytophaga canimorsus]], [[cardiovirus]], [[cat scratch disease]], [[cercopithecine herpesvirus 1]], [[Chagas disease]], [[chandipura virus]], [[chicken pox]], [[coccidioides spp]], [[Colorado tick fever]], [[congenital herpes simplex]], [[congenital rubella syndrome]], [[congenital syphilis]], [[coxiella burnetii ]], [[coxsackievirus]], [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]], [[cryptococcosis]], [[cryptococcus neoformans]], [[cysticercosis]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[dengue fever]], [[diphtheria]], [[duvenhage virus]], [[Eastern equine encephalitis virus]], [[Ebstein-Barr virus]], [[ehrlichia|ehrlichia chaffeensis]], [[ehrlichiosis]], [[elizabethkingia meningoseptica]], [[enterobacter sakazakii]], [[enterovirus 70]], [[enterovirus|enterovirus 71]], [[enteroviruses]], [[escherichia coli]], [[feline viral rhinotracheitis]], [[human parainfluenza viruses classification|fetal parainfluenza virus type 3]], [[flavivirus|flavivirus infections]], [[flu]], [[gnathostomiasis|gnathostoma hispidum infection]], [[gnathostoma spinigerum]], [[gnathostoma spinigerum|gnathostoma spinigerum infection]], [[gnathostomiasis]], [[group B streptococcal infection|streptococcus, group B]], [[haemophilus influenzae]], [[hand-foot-and-mouth disease]], [[hantavirosis ]], [[hemorrhagic fever]], [[hendra virus]], [[henipavirus]], [[hepatitis E virus]], [[herpes B virus]], [[herpes simplex virus]], [[histoplasma capsulatum]], [[HIV]], [[ehrlichiosis|human granulocytotrophic ehrlichiosis]], [[human herpesvirus 6]], [[ehrlichiosis|human monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis]], [[subacute sclerosing panencephalitis|immunosuppressive measles encephalitis]], [[infectious canine hepatitis]], [[influenza virus]], [[Japanese encephalitis]], [[JC virus]], [[klebsiella]], [[tick-borne encephalitis|kumlinge virus encephalitis]], [[kunjin virus]], [[La Crosse encephalitis]], [[labyrinthitis]], [[lassa fever]], [[listeria monocytogenes]], [[listeriosis ]], [[louping ill]], [[Lyme disease]], [[lymphocytic choriomeningitis]], [[lyssavirus]], [[malaria]], [[measles]], [[mokola virus]], [[mononucleosis ]], [[mumps ]], [[mumps virus]], [[Murray Valley encephalitis virus]], [[mycobacterium avium-intracellulare]], [[mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[mycoplasma pneumoniae]], [[naegleria fowleri]], [[neisseria meningiditis]], [[neonatal herpes]], [[nipah virus]], [[nocardia]], [[pertussis]], [[phlebovirus]], [[pneumococcus]], [[poliomyelitis]], [[pontiac fever]], [[Powassan virus]], [[poxviridae disease]], [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis ]], [[encephalitis classification|primary encephalitis]], [[progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]], [[pseudomonas aeruginosa]], [[psittacosis]], [[Q fever]], [[rickettsia|Queensland tick typhus]], [[rabies]], [[Rasmussen's encephalitis]], [[rickettsiae]], [[Rift Valley fever]], [[tropical disease|rocio encephalitis]], [[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]], [[rubella]], [[salmonella typhi]], [[schistosoma japonicum]], [[encephalitis classification|secondary encephalitis]], [[shingles]], [[polyomavirus|Simian B virus infection]], [[sinusitis]], [[St. Louis encephalitis]], [[staphylococcus aureus]], [[streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[streptococcus suis]], [[subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]], [[taenia solium]], [[tick-borne encephalitis]], [[togaviridae disease]], [[TORCH syndrome]], [[toxocariasis]], [[toxoplasma gondii]], [[toxoplasmosis]], [[trench fever]], [[treponema pallidum]], [[trichinella]], [[trichinosis]], [[tropheryma whipplei]], [[trypanosoma brucei gambiense]], [[trypanosomiasis]], [[typhoid fever]], [[vaccinia]], [[varicella zoster]], [[varicella zoster virus]], [[Venezuelan equine encephalitis]], [[viral encephalitis]], [[visna virus]], [[West Nile fever]], [[Western equine encephalitis]], [[Western equine encephalitis virus]], [[whooping cough]], [[yersinia pestis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[myopathy|Metabolic myopathies]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[skull fracture]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cauda equina syndrome]], [[conus medullaris]], [[chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]], [[myasthenia gravis]], [[multiple sclerosis]], acute myelopathies with chronic [[back pain]] and [[sphincter]] dysfunction
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aicardi-Goutières syndrome]], [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]], [[aseptic meningitis]], [[cauda equina syndrome]], [[cerebral palsy]], [[chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]], [[conus medullaris]], [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]], [[Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome]], [[paraneoplastic syndrome|paraneoplastic neurologic disorders]], [[poliomyelitis]], [[progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]], [[Rasmussen syndrome]], [[Schilder's disease]], [[St. Louis encephalitis]], [[status epilepticus]], [[subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]], [[temporal lobe epilepsy]], [[Tourette syndrome]], [[tourettism]], [[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myopathy|Metabolic myopathies]], nutritional [[neuropathy]],
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Biotinidase deficiency]], [[myopathy|metabolic myopathies]], [[ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[TORCH syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[paraneoplastic syndrome|Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Heavy metal ingestion|Heavy metal toxicity]], poisonings with [[organophosphate]], [[hemlock|poison hemlock]], [[thallium]], or [[arsenic]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Heavy metal ingestion|Heavy metal toxicity]], [[Reye's syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]], [[shaken baby syndrome]], [[Tourette syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Flu]], [[pertussis]], [[whooping cough]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Behcet disease]], [[chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[x-linked agammaglobulinemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 121: Line 121:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cauda equina syndrome]], [[shaken baby syndrome]], [[skull fracture]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 132: Line 132:
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|3|
{{columns-list|
*[[Acanthamoeba]]  
*[[Acanthamoeba]]  
*[[Actinomycosis]]
*[[Actinomycosis]]
*[[Acyclovir]]
*[[Adenovirus]]
*[[Adenovirus]]
*[[African trypanosomiasis]]
*[[African trypanosomiasis]]
*[[Aicardi-Goutières syndrome]]
*[[Aicardi-Goutières syndrome]] <ref name="pmid18343173">{{cite journal| author=Stephenson JB| title=Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). | journal=Eur J Paediatr Neurol | year= 2008 | volume= 12 | issue= 5 | pages= 355-8 | pmid=18343173 | doi=10.1016/j.ejpn.2007.11.010 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18343173  }} </ref>
*[[Alkhurma virus]]
*[[Rocky Mountain spotted fever|American mountain fever]]
*[[Rocky Mountain spotted fever|American mountain fever]]
*[[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]
*[[Anaplasma phagocytophilum ]]
*[[Anaplasma phagocytophilum ]]
*[[Angiostrongyliasis]]
*[[Angiostrongyliasis]]
Line 158: Line 160:
*[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]
*[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]
*[[Botulism]]  
*[[Botulism]]  
*[[Brome mosaic virus]]
*[[California encephalitis virus]]
*[[California encephalitis virus]]
*[[Campylobacter fetus]]  
*[[Campylobacter fetus]]  
Line 183: Line 186:
*[[Cysticercosis]]  
*[[Cysticercosis]]  
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[Dengue fever]]
*[[Dengue fever]] <ref name="pmid25848785">{{cite journal| author=Pancer K, Szkoda MT, Gut W| title=Imported cases of dengue in Poland and their diagnosis. | journal=Przegl Epidemiol | year= 2014 | volume= 68 | issue= 4 | pages= 651-5 | pmid=25848785 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25848785  }} </ref>
*[[Diphtheria]]
*[[Diphtheria]]
*[[Duvenhage virus]]
*[[Eastern equine encephalitis virus]]
*[[Eastern equine encephalitis virus]]
*[[Ebstein-Barr virus]]
*[[Ebstein-Barr virus]]
Line 197: Line 201:
*[[Escherichia coli]]
*[[Escherichia coli]]
*[[Familial histiocytic reticulosis]]
*[[Familial histiocytic reticulosis]]
*[[Fetal parainfluenza virus type 3 ]]
*[[Feline viral rhinotracheitis]]
*[[Flavivirus infections]]
*[[human parainfluenza viruses classification|Fetal parainfluenza virus type 3 ]]
*[[flavivirus|Flavivirus infections]]
*[[Flu]]
*[[Flu]]
*[[Gnathostoma hispidum infection]]
*[[gnathostomiasis|Gnathostoma hispidum infection]]
*[[Gnathostoma spinigerum]]  
*[[Gnathostoma spinigerum]]  
*[[Gnathostoma spinigerum infection]]
*[[gnathostoma spinigerum|Gnathostoma spinigerum infection]]
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
*[[Haemophilus influenzae]]  
*[[Haemophilus influenzae]]  
*[[Hand-foot-and-mouth disease]]
*[[Hantavirosis]]  
*[[Hantavirosis]]  
*[[heavy metal ingestion|Heavy metal toxicity]]
*[[heavy metal ingestion|Heavy metal toxicity]]
*[[Hemophagocytic reticulosis]]
*[[Hemophagocytic reticulosis]]
*[[Hemorrhagic fever]]
*[[Hemorrhagic fever]] <ref name="pmid16652309">{{cite journal| author=Paddock CD, Nicholson WL, Bhatnagar J, Goldsmith CS, Greer PW, Hayes EB et al.| title=Fatal hemorrhagic fever caused by West Nile virus in the United States. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 42 | issue= 11 | pages= 1527-35 | pmid=16652309 | doi=10.1086/503841 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16652309  }} </ref>
*[[Hendra virus]]
*[[Hendra virus]]
*[[Hepatitis E virus]]
*[[Hepatitis E virus]]
Line 217: Line 224:
*[[Human herpesvirus 6]]
*[[Human herpesvirus 6]]
*[[ehrlichiosis|Human monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis]]
*[[ehrlichiosis|Human monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis]]
*[[Immunosuppressive measles encephalitis ]]  
*[[Icaridin]]
*[[subacute sclerosing panencephalitis|Immunosuppressive measles encephalitis ]]
*[[Infectious canine hepatitis]]
*[[Influenza virus]]
*[[Influenza virus]]
*[[Interferon]]
*[[Japanese encephalitis]]
*[[Japanese encephalitis]]
*[[JC virus]]
*[[JC virus]]
*[[Kawasaki disease]]
*[[Kawasaki disease]]
*[[Klebsiella]]
*[[Klebsiella]]
*[[Kumlinge virus encephalitis]]
*[[tick-borne encephalitis|Kumlinge virus encephalitis]] <ref name="pmid2703799">{{cite journal| author=Wahlberg P, Saikku P, Brummer-Korvenkontio M| title=Tick-borne viral encephalitis in Finland. The clinical features of Kumlinge disease during 1959-1987. | journal=J Intern Med | year= 1989 | volume= 225 | issue= 3 | pages= 173-7 | pmid=2703799 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2703799  }} </ref>
*[[Kunjin virus]]
*[[Kunjin virus]]
*[[Kynurenic acid]]
*[[La Crosse encephalitis]]
*[[Labyrinthitis]]
*[[Labyrinthitis]]
*[[Lassa fever]]
*[[Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]]
*[[Levodopa]]
*[[Listeria monocytogenes]]
*[[Listeria monocytogenes]]
*[[Listeriosis ]]
*[[Listeriosis ]]
Line 236: Line 251:
*[[Measles]]  
*[[Measles]]  
*[[myopathy|Metabolic myopathies]]
*[[myopathy|Metabolic myopathies]]
*[[Methamphetamine]]
*[[Mokola virus]]
*[[Mononucleosis ]]
*[[Mononucleosis ]]
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]
Line 248: Line 265:
*[[Neonatal herpes]]  
*[[Neonatal herpes]]  
*[[Nipah virus]]
*[[Nipah virus]]
*[[Nocardia]]
*[[Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome]]
*[[Organophosphate poisoning]]
*[[Organophosphate poisoning]]
*[[Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency]]
*[[paraneoplastic syndrome|Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders]]
*[[paraneoplastic syndrome|Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders]]
*[[Pertussis]]
*[[Phlebovirus]]
*[[Plasmodium falciparum]]  
*[[Plasmodium falciparum]]  
*[[Pneumococcus]]
*[[Pneumococcus]]
Line 262: Line 284:
*[[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]]
*[[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]]
*[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]  
*[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]  
*[[Psittacosis]]
*[[Q fever]]  
*[[Q fever]]  
*[[rickettsia|Queensland tick typhus]]
*[[rickettsia|Queensland tick typhus]]
*[[Rabies]]
*[[Rabies]]
*[[Rasmussen syndrome]]
*[[Rasmussen's encephalitis]]
*[[Rasmussen's encephalitis]]
*[[Reye's syndrome]]
*[[Rickettsiae]]
*[[Rickettsiae]]
*[[Rift Valley fever]]
*[[Rift Valley fever]]
Line 272: Line 297:
*[[Rubella]]
*[[Rubella]]
*[[Salmonella typhi]]
*[[Salmonella typhi]]
*[[Schilder's disease]]
*[[Schistosoma japonicum]]
*[[Schistosoma japonicum]]
*[[encephalitis classification|Secondary encephalitis]]
*[[encephalitis classification|Secondary encephalitis]]
*[[Shaken baby syndrome]]
*[[Shingles]]
*[[Shingles]]
*[[picornavirus|Simian B virus infection]]  
*[[picornavirus|Simian B virus infection]]  
Line 281: Line 308:
*[[St. Louis encephalitis ]]  
*[[St. Louis encephalitis ]]  
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
*[[Status epilepticus]]
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
*[[Streptococcus suis]]  
*[[Streptococcus suis]]  
Line 287: Line 315:
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Taenia solium ]]
*[[Taenia solium ]]
*[[Temporal lobe epilepsy]]
*[[Thallium]]
*[[Thallium]]
*[[Tick-borne encephalitis]]  
*[[Tick-borne encephalitis]]  
*[[Togaviridae disease]]
*[[Togaviridae disease]]
*[[TORCH syndrome]]
*[[TORCH syndrome]]
*[[Tourette syndrome]]
*[[Tourettism]]
*[[Toxocariasis]]
*[[Toxocariasis]]
*[[Toxoplasma gondii]]
*[[Toxoplasma gondii]]
Line 298: Line 329:
*[[Trichinella]]
*[[Trichinella]]
*[[Trichinosis]]
*[[Trichinosis]]
*[[Trimethobenzamide]]
*[[Tropheryma whipplei]]
*[[Tropheryma whipplei]]
*[[Trypanosoma brucei gambiense]]
*[[Trypanosoma brucei gambiense]]
*[[Trypanosomiasis ]]
*[[Trypanosomiasis ]]
*[[Typhoid fever]]
*[[Vaccinia]]
*[[Vaccinia]]
*[[Varicella zoster]]
*[[Varicella zoster]]
Line 306: Line 339:
*[[Venezuelan equine encephalitis]]  
*[[Venezuelan equine encephalitis]]  
*[[Viral encephalitis]]
*[[Viral encephalitis]]
*[[Visna virus]]
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]
*[[Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome]]
*[[West Nile fever]]
*[[West Nile fever]]
Line 311: Line 345:
*[[Western equine encephalitis virus]]  
*[[Western equine encephalitis virus]]  
*[[Whooping cough]]  
*[[Whooping cough]]  
*[[X-linked agammaglobulinemia]]
*[[Yersinia pestis]]
*[[Yersinia pestis]]
*[[Zanamivir]]  
*[[Zanamivir]]  
Line 324: Line 359:
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Primary care]]
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 00:40, 30 July 2020

Viral encephalitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Viral Encephalitis from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

MRI

CT

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Viral encephalitis causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Viral encephalitis causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Viral encephalitis causes

CDC on Viral encephalitis causes

Viral encephalitis causes in the news

Blogs on Viral encephalitis causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Encephalitis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Viral encephalitis causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]; Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [3]; Anthony Gallo, B.S. [4]

Overview

Life-threatening causes of encephalitis include Balamuthia mandrillaris and Dengue fever. Common causes of encephalitis include infections with viruses such as arboviruss, herpes simplex, measles, mumps, polio, and rabies, which often lead to an autoimmune response. Less common causes of encephalitis include chronic autoimmune disorders and infections with bacteria, fungi, and parasites.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include:[1]

If left untreated, these conditions may result in subsequent mortality or permanent disability within 24 hours.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Kawasaki disease
Chemical / poisoning Arsenic, heavy metal toxicity, icaridin, organophosphate poisoning, poison hemlock, thallium
Dermatologic Behcet disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Drug Side Effect Acyclovir, interferon, kynurenic acid, levodopa, methamphetamine, trimethobenzamide, zanamivir
Ear Nose Throat Cholesteatoma, labyrinthitis, sinusitis
Endocrine Myasthenia gravis
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Porphyria, Reye's syndrome
Genetic Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, biotinidase deficiency, familial histiocytic reticulosis, hemophagocytic reticulosis, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, porphyria, Smith disease, Tourette syndrome
Hematologic Familial histiocytic reticulosis, hemophagocytic reticulosis, lymphoproliferative syndrome, porphyria, x-linked agammaglobulinemia
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease alkhurma virus, Borrelia burgdorferi, botulism, brome mosaic virus, California encephalitis virus, campylobacter fetus, capnocytophaga canimorsus, cardiovirus, cat scratch disease, cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, Chagas disease, chandipura virus, chicken pox, coccidioides spp, Colorado tick fever, congenital herpes simplex, congenital rubella syndrome, congenital syphilis, coxiella burnetii , coxsackievirus, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, cryptococcosis, cryptococcus neoformans, cysticercosis, cytomegalovirus, dengue fever, diphtheria, duvenhage virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Ebstein-Barr virus, ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichiosis, elizabethkingia meningoseptica, enterobacter sakazakii, enterovirus 70, enterovirus 71, enteroviruses, escherichia coli, feline viral rhinotracheitis, fetal parainfluenza virus type 3, flavivirus infections, flu, gnathostoma hispidum infection, gnathostoma spinigerum, gnathostoma spinigerum infection, gnathostomiasis, streptococcus, group B, haemophilus influenzae, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, hantavirosis , hemorrhagic fever, hendra virus, henipavirus, hepatitis E virus, herpes B virus, herpes simplex virus, histoplasma capsulatum, HIV, human granulocytotrophic ehrlichiosis, human herpesvirus 6, human monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis, immunosuppressive measles encephalitis, infectious canine hepatitis, influenza virus, Japanese encephalitis, JC virus, klebsiella, kumlinge virus encephalitis, kunjin virus, La Crosse encephalitis, labyrinthitis, lassa fever, listeria monocytogenes, listeriosis , louping ill, Lyme disease, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, lyssavirus, malaria, measles, mokola virus, mononucleosis , mumps , mumps virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, naegleria fowleri, neisseria meningiditis, neonatal herpes, nipah virus, nocardia, pertussis, phlebovirus, pneumococcus, poliomyelitis, pontiac fever, Powassan virus, poxviridae disease, primary amoebic meningoencephalitis , primary encephalitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, pseudomonas aeruginosa, psittacosis, Q fever, Queensland tick typhus, rabies, Rasmussen's encephalitis, rickettsiae, Rift Valley fever, rocio encephalitis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, rubella, salmonella typhi, schistosoma japonicum, secondary encephalitis, shingles, Simian B virus infection, sinusitis, St. Louis encephalitis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus suis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, taenia solium, tick-borne encephalitis, togaviridae disease, TORCH syndrome, toxocariasis, toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasmosis, trench fever, treponema pallidum, trichinella, trichinosis, tropheryma whipplei, trypanosoma brucei gambiense, trypanosomiasis, typhoid fever, vaccinia, varicella zoster, varicella zoster virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, viral encephalitis, visna virus, West Nile fever, Western equine encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis virus, whooping cough, yersinia pestis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Metabolic myopathies, multiple sclerosis, skull fracture
Neurologic Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aseptic meningitis, cauda equina syndrome, cerebral palsy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, conus medullaris, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, multiple sclerosis, opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, paraneoplastic neurologic disorders, poliomyelitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Rasmussen syndrome, Schilder's disease, St. Louis encephalitis, status epilepticus, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, temporal lobe epilepsy, Tourette syndrome, tourettism, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic Biotinidase deficiency, metabolic myopathies, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic TORCH syndrome
Oncologic Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders
Opthalmologic Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity Heavy metal toxicity, Reye's syndrome
Psychiatric Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, shaken baby syndrome, Tourette syndrome
Pulmonary Flu, pertussis, whooping cough
Renal / Electrolyte Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Behcet disease, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, x-linked agammaglobulinemia
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Cauda equina syndrome, shaken baby syndrome, skull fracture
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Porphyria

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ Matin A, Jung SY, Nawaz S (2014). "In vitro assessment of cytokines interactions with Balamuthia mandrillaris using human brain microvascular endothelial cells". Pak J Pharm Sci. 27 (1): 107–13. PMID 24374438.
  2. ↑ Stephenson JB (2008). "Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS)". Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 12 (5): 355–8. doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2007.11.010. PMID 18343173.
  3. ↑ Pancer K, Szkoda MT, Gut W (2014). "Imported cases of dengue in Poland and their diagnosis". Przegl Epidemiol. 68 (4): 651–5. PMID 25848785.
  4. ↑ Paddock CD, Nicholson WL, Bhatnagar J, Goldsmith CS, Greer PW, Hayes EB; et al. (2006). "Fatal hemorrhagic fever caused by West Nile virus in the United States". Clin Infect Dis. 42 (11): 1527–35. doi:10.1086/503841. PMID 16652309.
  5. ↑ Wahlberg P, Saikku P, Brummer-Korvenkontio M (1989). "Tick-borne viral encephalitis in Finland. The clinical features of Kumlinge disease during 1959-1987". J Intern Med. 225 (3): 173–7. PMID 2703799.
  6. ↑ "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".

Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Viral_encephalitis_causes&oldid=1644552"