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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{CMG}}
{{Brain abscess}}
{{Brain abscess}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Brain abscesses commonly occur when bacteria or fungi infect part of the brain. The source of the infection is often not found. However, the most common source is a lung infection.  The germs that cause a brain abscess usually reach the brain through the blood.  Less often, a heart infection is to blame. Germs may also travel from a nearby infected area (for example, an ear infection) or enter the body during an injury (such as a gun or knife wound) or surgery.
The majority of cases of brain abscess are due to infections with either bacteria or fungi. Common causes of brain abscess include ''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]'', ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]'', and ''[[Viridans streptococci]]''.
In children with heart disease or a birth defect, such as those with [[Tetralogy of Fallot (patient information)|tetralogy of fallot]], infections are more able to reach the brain from the intestines, teeth, or other body areas.


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
Brain abscesses commonly occur when bacteria or fungi infect part of the brain. The source of the infection, however, is often not found. The germs that cause a brain abscess usually reach the brain through the blood. Germs may also travel from a nearby infected area (such as an ear infection), can enter the body during an injury (from a gun or knife wound), or result from surgery. Though not as often, a heart infection can also be a cause of brain abscesses.<ref> Tunkel AR. Brain abscess. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds.Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</ref><ref> Tunkel AR, Scheld WM. Brain abscess. In: Winn HR, ed.Youman's Neurological Surgery</ref>
Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.


===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
*[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]
*[[Cysticercosis]]
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
*[[Toxoplasma gondii]]
*[[Viridans streptococci]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
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{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Atrial septal defect]], [[bacterial endocarditis]], [[cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve]], [[endocarditis]], [[infective endocarditis]], [[prosthetic heart valve]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[ventricular septal defect]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
Line 24: Line 27:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dental braces]], [[dental extraction]], [[dental sepsis]], [[tooth infection]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[steroid therapy|Chronic steroid use]], [[intravenous drug use]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cholesteatoma]], [[ear infection]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[mastoiditis]], [[Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome]], [[sinusitis]], [[otitis media|suppurative otitis media]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 48: Line 51:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amebic dysentery]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[intra-abdominal infection]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 60: Line 63:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Esophageal dilatation]], [[neurosurgery]], [[organ transplant]], [[ventriculoperitoneal shunt]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans]], [[actinomyces]], [[actinomycosis]], [[aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans]], [[amebic dysentery]], [[amoebiasis]], [[anaerobic bacteria]], [[aspergillosis]], [[aspergillus]], [[bacterial endocarditis]], [[bacterial meningitis]], [[bacteroides]], [[candida albicans]], [[Chagas disease]], [[cladosporium|cladosporium trichoides]], [[clostridium]], [[coccidioides immitis]], [[listeriosis|congenital listeriosis]], [[corynebacterium]], [[cryptococcus neoformans]], [[curvularia]], [[cysticercosis]], [[empyema]], [[endocarditis]], [[entamoeba histolytica]], [[enterobacter]], [[enterobacteriaceae]], [[enterococcus]], [[erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]], [[escherichia coli]], [[fungi]], [[fusobacterium]], [[group B streptococcal infection]], [[haemophilus|haemophilus aphrophilus]], [[haemophilus]], [[HIV]], [[infective endocarditis]], [[intra-abdominal infection]], [[klebsiella pneumoniae]], [[klebsiella]], [[Lemierre's syndrome]], [[listeria]], [[listeriosis]], [[lung abscess]], [[mastoiditis]], [[mucorales]], [[mucormycosis]], [[mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[mycoplasma hominis]], [[nocardia]], [[nocardiosis]], [[opportunistic infections]], [[orbital cellulitis]], [[paragonimus]], [[parasites]], [[peptococcus]], [[peptostreptococcus]], [[prevotella]], [[propionibacterium]], [[proteus]], [[pseudomonas]], [[pyomyositis]], [[rhodococcus equi]], [[salmonella]], [[scedosporium apiospermum]], [[schistosoma japonicum]], [[sinusitis]], [[staphylococcus aureus]], [[staphylococcus epidermidis]], [[streptococcus milleri]], [[streptococcus pneumoniae]], [[streptococcus]], [[otitis media|suppurative otitis media]], [[tooth infection]], [[toxoplasma]], [[upper respiratory tract infections]], [[urinary tract infection]], [[viridans streptococci]], [[wound|wound infections]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bacterial meningitis]], [[brain surgery]], [[brain tumor]], [[cholesterol granuloma]], [[foreign body aspiration]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia ]], [[AIDS dementia complex|neurological disorders related to AIDS]], [[neurosurgery]], [[Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome]], [[skull fracture]], [[traumatic brain injury]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 84: Line 87:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Brain tumor]], [[cholesterol granuloma]], [[metastasis pathophysiology|hematogenous spread]], [[neoplasms]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Orbital cellulitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[steroid therapy|Chronic steroid use]], [[drug abuse]], [[drug abuse|intravenous drug abuse]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 100: Line 103:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[empyema]], [[foreign body aspiration]], [[lung abscess]], [[mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[upper respiratory tract infections]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Urinary tract infection]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Immunodeficiency]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 116: Line 119:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Head trauma]], [[penetrating head trauma]], [[brain damage|puncture wound to brain]], [[skull fracture]], [[traumatic brain injury]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Urinary tract infection]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcoholism]], [[near drowning]], [[ventriculoperitoneal shunt]]
|-
|-
|}
|}


 
===Causes===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{Columns-list|3|
{{Columns-list|3|
*[[Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans]]
*[[Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans]]
Line 139: Line 141:
*[[Amoebiasis]]
*[[Amoebiasis]]
*[[Anaerobic bacteria]]  
*[[Anaerobic bacteria]]  
*[[Aspergillosis]]  
*[[Aspergillosis]] <ref name="pmid22036518">{{cite journal| author=Saghrouni F, Ben Youssef Y, Gheith S, Bouabid Z, Ben Abdeljelil J, Khammari I et al.| title=Twenty-nine cases of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic patients. | journal=Med Mal Infect | year= 2011 | volume= 41 | issue= 12 | pages= 657-62 | pmid=22036518 | doi=10.1016/j.medmal.2011.09.011 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22036518  }} </ref>
*[[Aspergillus]]
*[[Aspergillus]]
*[[Atrial septal defect]]
*[[Atrial septal defect]]
Line 153: Line 155:
*[[Cholesterol granuloma]]
*[[Cholesterol granuloma]]
*[[steroid therapy|Chronic steroid use]]
*[[steroid therapy|Chronic steroid use]]
*[[Cladosporium trichoides]]
*[[cladosporium|Cladosporium trichoides]]
*[[Clostridium]]
*[[Clostridium]]
*[[Coccidioides immitis]]
*[[Coccidioides immitis]]
Line 164: Line 166:
*[[Cysticercosis]]
*[[Cysticercosis]]
*[[Dental braces]]
*[[Dental braces]]
*[[Dental extraction]]  
*[[Dental extraction]] <ref name="pmid25130130">{{cite journal| author=Wu PC, Tu MS, Lin PH, Chen YS, Tsai HC| title=Prevotella brain abscesses and stroke following dental extraction in a young patient: a case report and review of the literature. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2014 | volume= 53 | issue= 16 | pages= 1881-7 | pmid=25130130 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25130130  }} </ref>
*[[Dental sepsis]]  
*[[Dental sepsis]] <ref name="pmid22524927">{{cite journal| author=Clifton TC, Kalamchi S| title=A case of odontogenic brain abscess arising from covert dental sepsis. | journal=Ann R Coll Surg Engl | year= 2012 | volume= 94 | issue= 1 | pages= e41-3 | pmid=22524927 | doi=10.1308/003588412X13171221499667 | pmc=PMC3954226 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22524927  }} </ref>
*[[Drug abuse]]  
*[[Drug abuse]]  
*[[Ear infection]]
*[[Ear infection]]
Line 184: Line 186:
*[[Haemophilus]]
*[[Haemophilus]]
*[[haemophilus|Haemophilus aphrophilus]]
*[[haemophilus|Haemophilus aphrophilus]]
*[[Head trauma]]
*[[Head trauma]] <ref name="pmid23341403">{{cite journal| author=Sveinsson OA, Asgeirsson H, Olafsson IH| title=[Brain abscess - overview]. | journal=Laeknabladid | year= 2013 | volume= 99 | issue= 1 | pages= 25-31 | pmid=23341403 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23341403  }} </ref>
*[[metastasis pathophysiology|Hematogenous spread]]
*[[metastasis pathophysiology|Hematogenous spread]] <ref name="pmid25360205">{{cite journal| author=Patel K, Clifford DB| title=Bacterial brain abscess. | journal=Neurohospitalist | year= 2014 | volume= 4 | issue= 4 | pages= 196-204 | pmid=25360205 | doi=10.1177/1941874414540684 | pmc=PMC4212419 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25360205  }} </ref>
*[[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]  
*[[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]  
*[[HIV]]
*[[HIV]]
Line 201: Line 203:
*[[Mastoiditis]]  
*[[Mastoiditis]]  
*[[Mucorales]]
*[[Mucorales]]
*[[Mucormycosis]]
*[[Mucormycosis]] <ref name="pmid20861715">{{cite journal| author=Cano P, Horseman MA, Surani S| title=Rhinocerebral mucormycosis complicated by bacterial brain abscess. | journal=Am J Med Sci | year= 2010 | volume= 340 | issue= 6 | pages= 507-10 | pmid=20861715 | doi=10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181f0aad1 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20861715  }} </ref>
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
*[[Mycoplasma hominis]]
*[[Mycoplasma hominis]]
Line 207: Line 209:
*[[Neoplasms]]
*[[Neoplasms]]
*[[AIDS dementia complex|Neurological disorders related to AIDS]]  
*[[AIDS dementia complex|Neurological disorders related to AIDS]]  
*[[Neurosurgery]]  
*[[Neurosurgery]] <ref name="pmid25360205">{{cite journal| author=Patel K, Clifford DB| title=Bacterial brain abscess. | journal=Neurohospitalist | year= 2014 | volume= 4 | issue= 4 | pages= 196-204 | pmid=25360205 | doi=10.1177/1941874414540684 | pmc=PMC4212419 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25360205  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23341403">{{cite journal| author=Sveinsson OA, Asgeirsson H, Olafsson IH| title=[Brain abscess - overview]. | journal=Laeknabladid | year= 2013 | volume= 99 | issue= 1 | pages= 25-31 | pmid=23341403 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23341403  }} </ref>
*[[Nocardia]]
*[[Nocardia]]
*[[Nocardiosis]]
*[[Nocardiosis]]
Line 219: Line 221:
*[[Peptococcus]]
*[[Peptococcus]]
*[[Peptostreptococcus]]
*[[Peptostreptococcus]]
*[[Prevotella]]
*[[Prevotella]] <ref name="pmid25130130">{{cite journal| author=Wu PC, Tu MS, Lin PH, Chen YS, Tsai HC| title=Prevotella brain abscesses and stroke following dental extraction in a young patient: a case report and review of the literature. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2014 | volume= 53 | issue= 16 | pages= 1881-7 | pmid=25130130 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25130130  }} </ref>
*[[Propionibacterium]]
*[[Propionibacterium]]
*[[Prosthetic heart valve]]
*[[Prosthetic heart valve]]
Line 225: Line 227:
*[[Pseudomonas]]
*[[Pseudomonas]]
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]]  
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]]  
*[[Puncture wound to brain]]
*[[brain damage|Puncture wound to brain]]
*[[Pyomyositis]]
*[[Pyomyositis]]
*[[Rhodococcus equi]]
*[[Rhodococcus equi]]
*[[Salmonella]]
*[[Salmonella]]
*[[Scedosporium apiospermum]]  
*[[Scedosporium apiospermum]] <ref name="pmid22559017">{{cite journal| author=Mays R, Gordon R, Wilson JM, LaPolla WJ, Sra KK, Madkan V et al.| title=Persistent erythematous plaque after minor trauma in an immunocompromised woman. | journal=Dermatol Online J | year= 2012 | volume= 18 | issue= 4 | pages= 2 | pmid=22559017 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22559017  }} </ref>
*[[Schistosoma japonicum]]  
*[[Schistosoma japonicum]]  
*[[Sinusitis]]
*[[Sinusitis]]
Line 238: Line 240:
*[[Streptococcus milleri]]
*[[Streptococcus milleri]]
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
*[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]
*[[Suppurative otitis media]]
*[[otitis media|Suppurative otitis media]]
*[[Tooth infection]]
*[[Tooth infection]]
*[[Toxoplasma]]
*[[Toxoplasma]]
*[[Traumatic brain injury]]
*[[Traumatic brain injury]] <ref name="pmid25360205">{{cite journal| author=Patel K, Clifford DB| title=Bacterial brain abscess. | journal=Neurohospitalist | year= 2014 | volume= 4 | issue= 4 | pages= 196-204 | pmid=25360205 | doi=10.1177/1941874414540684 | pmc=PMC4212419 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25360205  }} </ref>
*[[Upper respiratory tract infections]]
*[[Upper respiratory tract infections]]
*[[Urinary tract infection]]
*[[Urinary tract infection]]
Line 252: Line 254:
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurosurgery]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Neurosurgery]]
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 20:40, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

The majority of cases of brain abscess are due to infections with either bacteria or fungi. Common causes of brain abscess include Cryptococcus neoformans, Staphylococcus aureus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Viridans streptococci.

Causes

Brain abscesses commonly occur when bacteria or fungi infect part of the brain. The source of the infection, however, is often not found. The germs that cause a brain abscess usually reach the brain through the blood. Germs may also travel from a nearby infected area (such as an ear infection), can enter the body during an injury (from a gun or knife wound), or result from surgery. Though not as often, a heart infection can also be a cause of brain abscesses.[1][2]

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Atrial septal defect, bacterial endocarditis, cyanotic congenital heart disease, Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve, endocarditis, infective endocarditis, prosthetic heart valve, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, ventricular septal defect
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental Dental braces, dental extraction, dental sepsis, tooth infection
Dermatologic Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
Drug Side Effect Chronic steroid use, intravenous drug use
Ear Nose Throat Cholesteatoma, ear infection, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, mastoiditis, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, sinusitis, suppurative otitis media
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Amebic dysentery, cystic fibrosis, intra-abdominal infection
Genetic Cystic fibrosis, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Esophageal dilatation, neurosurgery, organ transplant, ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Infectious Disease Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, actinomyces, actinomycosis, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, amebic dysentery, amoebiasis, anaerobic bacteria, aspergillosis, aspergillus, bacterial endocarditis, bacterial meningitis, bacteroides, candida albicans, Chagas disease, cladosporium trichoides, clostridium, coccidioides immitis, congenital listeriosis, corynebacterium, cryptococcus neoformans, curvularia, cysticercosis, empyema, endocarditis, entamoeba histolytica, enterobacter, enterobacteriaceae, enterococcus, erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, escherichia coli, fungi, fusobacterium, group B streptococcal infection, haemophilus aphrophilus, haemophilus, HIV, infective endocarditis, intra-abdominal infection, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella, Lemierre's syndrome, listeria, listeriosis, lung abscess, mastoiditis, mucorales, mucormycosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycoplasma hominis, nocardia, nocardiosis, opportunistic infections, orbital cellulitis, paragonimus, parasites, peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, prevotella, propionibacterium, proteus, pseudomonas, pyomyositis, rhodococcus equi, salmonella, scedosporium apiospermum, schistosoma japonicum, sinusitis, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus milleri, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus, suppurative otitis media, tooth infection, toxoplasma, upper respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infection, viridans streptococci, wound infections
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic Bacterial meningitis, brain surgery, brain tumor, cholesterol granuloma, foreign body aspiration, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia , neurological disorders related to AIDS, neurosurgery, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, skull fracture, traumatic brain injury
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Brain tumor, cholesterol granuloma, hematogenous spread, neoplasms
Ophthalmologic Orbital cellulitis
Overdose/Toxicity Chronic steroid use, drug abuse, intravenous drug abuse
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, empyema, foreign body aspiration, lung abscess, mycobacterium tuberculosis, upper respiratory tract infections
Renal/Electrolyte Urinary tract infection
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Immunodeficiency
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Head trauma, penetrating head trauma, puncture wound to brain, skull fracture, traumatic brain injury
Urologic Urinary tract infection
Miscellaneous Alcoholism, near drowning, ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Causes

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
3

References

  1. ↑ Tunkel AR. Brain abscess. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds.Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
  2. ↑ Tunkel AR, Scheld WM. Brain abscess. In: Winn HR, ed.Youman's Neurological Surgery
  3. ↑ Saghrouni F, Ben Youssef Y, Gheith S, Bouabid Z, Ben Abdeljelil J, Khammari I; et al. (2011). "Twenty-nine cases of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic patients". Med Mal Infect. 41 (12): 657–62. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2011.09.011. PMID 22036518.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wu PC, Tu MS, Lin PH, Chen YS, Tsai HC (2014). "Prevotella brain abscesses and stroke following dental extraction in a young patient: a case report and review of the literature". Intern Med. 53 (16): 1881–7. PMID 25130130.
  5. ↑ Clifton TC, Kalamchi S (2012). "A case of odontogenic brain abscess arising from covert dental sepsis". Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 94 (1): e41–3. doi:10.1308/003588412X13171221499667. PMC 3954226. PMID 22524927.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Sveinsson OA, Asgeirsson H, Olafsson IH (2013). "[Brain abscess - overview]". Laeknabladid. 99 (1): 25–31. PMID 23341403.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Patel K, Clifford DB (2014). "Bacterial brain abscess". Neurohospitalist. 4 (4): 196–204. doi:10.1177/1941874414540684. PMC 4212419. PMID 25360205.
  8. ↑ Cano P, Horseman MA, Surani S (2010). "Rhinocerebral mucormycosis complicated by bacterial brain abscess". Am J Med Sci. 340 (6): 507–10. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181f0aad1. PMID 20861715.
  9. ↑ Mays R, Gordon R, Wilson JM, LaPolla WJ, Sra KK, Madkan V; et al. (2012). "Persistent erythematous plaque after minor trauma in an immunocompromised woman". Dermatol Online J. 18 (4): 2. PMID 22559017.

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