Prolactinoma causes: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 23:49, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2], Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Overview

There are no established causes of prolactinoma. Most cases of prolactinoma are sporadic. Prolactinoma may occur in approximately 30% of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 patients. It may also occur with Carney complex or McCune-Albright syndrome.

Causes

Common causes

Sporadic
Hereditary causes:
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1)

Less common/rare causes

Hereditary causes:
- A minority of prolactinoma are associated with:^[1]^[2]
  1. Carney complex
  2. McCune-Albright Syndrome
  3. Isolated familial pituitary adenoma
  4. MEN1-like syndrome

References

↑ Ciccarelli A, Daly AF, Beckers A (2005). "The epidemiology of prolactinomas". Pituitary. 8 (1): 3–6. doi:10.1007/s11102-005-5079-0. PMID 16411062.
↑ Karhu A, Aaltonen LA (2007). "Susceptibility to pituitary neoplasia related to MEN-1, CDKN1B and AIP mutations: an update". Hum Mol Genet. 16 Spec No 1: R73–9. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm036. PMID 17613551.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid16411062-1] Ciccarelli A, Daly AF, Beckers A (2005). "The epidemiology of prolactinomas". Pituitary. 8 (1): 3–6. doi:10.1007/s11102-005-5079-0. PMID 16411062.

[pmid17613551-2] Karhu A, Aaltonen LA (2007). "Susceptibility to pituitary neoplasia related to MEN-1, CDKN1B and AIP mutations: an update". Hum Mol Genet. 16 Spec No 1: R73–9. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm036. PMID 17613551.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Prolactinoma}}
-{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{Faizan}}
+{{CMG}};{{AE}} {{Anmol}}, {{Faizan}}
 ==Overview==
-It has been shown that stress can significantly raise [[prolactin]] levels which should make stress a diagnostic differential though it usually is not considered such. Most [[pituitary]]  tumors are sporadic--they are not genetically passed from parents to offspring.
+There are no established causes of [[prolactinoma]]. Most cases of [[prolactinoma]] are sporadic. [[Prolactinoma]] may occur in approximately 30% of [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] patients. It may also occur with [[Carney complex]] or [[McCune-Albright syndrome]].
 ==Causes==
-Although research continues to unravel the mysteries of disordered cell  growth, the cause of [[pituitary]] tumors remains unknown. It has been shown that stress can significantly raise [[prolactin]] levels which should make stress a [[diagnostic]] differential though it usually is not considered such. Most pituitary  tumors are sporadic--they are not genetically passed from parents to offspring.
-=== Other Causes ===
+===Common causes===
-The majority of moderately raised prolactin levels (up to 5000mIU/L) are not due to microprolactinomas but other causes. The effects of some prescription drugs are the most common, but the normal physiological causes of [[pregnancy]] & breastfeeding should not be forgotten, nor the effects of other pituitary [[tumors]]. This is discussed more under [[Hyperprolactinaemia]].
+*Sporadic
-Drug Side Effect - [[Clomifene]]
+*[[Hereditary]] causes:
-The xenoestrogenic chemical Bisphenol-A has been shown to lead to hyperprolactinaemia and growth of prolactin-producing pituitary cells.[4] The increasing and prolonged exposure of Bisphenol-A from childhood on, may contribute to the growth of a prolactinoma.
+**[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] ([[MEN 1]])
+===Less common/rare causes===
+*[[Hereditary]] causes:
+**A minority of [[prolactinoma]] are associated with:<ref name="pmid16411062">{{cite journal| author=Ciccarelli A, Daly AF, Beckers A| title=The epidemiology of prolactinomas. | journal=Pituitary | year= 2005 | volume= 8 | issue= 1 | pages= 3-6 | pmid=16411062 | doi=10.1007/s11102-005-5079-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16411062  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17613551">{{cite journal| author=Karhu A, Aaltonen LA| title=Susceptibility to pituitary neoplasia related to MEN-1, CDKN1B and AIP mutations: an update. | journal=Hum Mol Genet | year= 2007 | volume= 16 Spec No 1 | issue=  | pages= R73-9 | pmid=17613551 | doi=10.1093/hmg/ddm036 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17613551  }} </ref>
+**#[[Carney complex]]
+**#[[McCune-Albright Syndrome]]
+**#Isolated [[familial]] [[pituitary adenoma]]
+**#MEN1-like syndrome
 == References ==
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 [[Category:Disease]]
 [[Category:Neuroendocrinology]]
-[[Category:Mature chapter]]
+[[Category:Oncology]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
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+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Neurology]]
+[[Category:Neurosurgery]]