Oral cancer physical examination: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(25 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Oral cancer}}
{{Oral cancer}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Simrat}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SSW}}; {{GRR}} {{Nat}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Common physical examination findings of oral cancer include a lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues, soreness, difficulty chewing or swallowing, ear pain, difficulty moving the jaw or tongue, hoarseness, numbness of the tongue or swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly.
Common [[physical examination]] findings of oral cancer include a lump or thickening in the [[Soft tissue|soft tissues]] of the [[oral cavity]], soreness, difficulty chewing or [[swallowing]], ear [[pain]], difficulty moving the [[jaw]] or [[tongue]], [[hoarseness]], [[numbness]] of the [[tongue]], or [[swelling]] of the [[jaw]] that causes dentures to fit poorly.
==Physical Examination==
==Physical Examination==
* A thorough [[Head and neck anatomy|head and neck]] examination should be a routine part of each patient's dental visit and general medical examination.


==Physical Examination==
===Appearance of the patient===
 
* The patient may appear ill and [[cachexic]].
 
Possible signs and symptoms of oral cancer that your patients may report include: a lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues, soreness or a feeling that something is caught in the throat, difficulty chewing or swallowing, ear pain, difficulty moving the jaw or tongue, hoarseness, numbness of the tongue or other areas of the mouth, or swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly or become uncomfortable.
 
 
 
 
===Appearance of the Patient===
*This section should give a general description of what a patient with the disease you are describing may look like. You may include a physical description such as obese, thin, cachectic, well appearing, ill appearing, diaphoretic etc.
* For an example of the appearance of a patient section in the physical examination page, click [[Encephalopathy physical examination#Appearance of the Patient|here]].
 
===Vitals===
====Temperature====
*A [[fever]] is often present
*[[Hypothermia]] may be present
 
====Pulse====
=====Rate=====
*[[Tachycardia]] may be present
*[[Bradycardia]] may be present
=====Rhythm=====
*The pulse is regular
*The pules is irregularly irregular
=====Strength=====
*The pulse may be weak
*The pulse may be bounding
*The pulse may be alternating in strength ([[pulsus alternans]])
*A [[paradoxical pulse]] may be present
 
=====Symmetry=====
*The pulses may be asymmetric
 
====Blood Pressure====
*[[Hypotension]] may be present
*[[Hypertension]] may be present
*A [[wide pulse pressure]] may be present
*A [[narrow pulse pressure]] may be present
 
====Respiratory Rate====
*[[Tachypnea]] may be present
*[[Bradypnea]] may be present
* [[Kussmaul respirations]] may be present
 
===Skin===
*[[Cyanosis]] may be present
*[[Jaundice]] may be present
* A rash may be present
* [[Pallor]] may be present
* Lesions may be present
 
<gallery widths=150px>
 
UploadedImage-01.jpg | Description {{dermref}}
UploadedImage-02.jpg | Description {{dermref}}
 
</gallery>
 
===Head===
* Abnormalities of the head/hair may include ___
* There may be evidence of trauma
 
===Eyes===
*Icteric sclera may be present
* [[Nystagmus]] may be present.
* Extra-ocular movements may be abnormal
*Pupils may not react to light
*Ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of ___
 
===Ears===
* Hearing acuity may be reduced
*[[Weber test]] may be positive
*[[Rinne test]] may be positive
* There may be [[exudate]] from the ear canal
* There may be [[tenderness]] on movement of the pinnae
 
===Nose===
* Nares may be inflamed
* There may be [[epistaxis]]
* There may be [[purulent]] exudate from the nares
* There may be [[tenderness]] to percussion of the sinuses
* The nares may be congested
 
===Throat===
* The throat may be erythematous
* There may be [[exudate]] in the throat
* There may be [[petechiae]] seen in the throat
* There may be tonsillar inflammation
 
===Neck===
*[[Jugular venous pressure]] may be elevated
*[[Carotid bruits]] may be present
*[[Lymph nodes]] may be present
*[[Thyromegaly]] may be present
*[[Hepatojugular reflux]] may be present


===Lungs===
=== HEENT ===
*[[Pulmonary edema]] and [[rales]] may be present
* Dental practitioners and dental care professionals should examine the teeth and entire [[oral mucosa]].
*[[Wheezing]] may be present
* Most common involved sites in the [[oral cavity]] include:
*Consolidation may be present with reduced breath sounds auscultated
** [[Tongue]]
*[[Rales]] may be present
** Lateral and ventrolateral aspects of mouth
*[[Egophony]] may be present
** Floor of mouth
* Chest movement may be assymetric
* Lesions such as [[ulcers]], red or white patches may be visible.
* Any [[ulcer]] with a duration that persists for more than 3 weeks then it should be [[Biopsy|biopsied]].<ref name="pmid24072273">{{cite journal |vauthors=Scully C |title=Rule for cancer diagnosis |journal=Br Dent J |volume=215 |issue=6 |pages=265–6 |year=2013 |pmid=24072273 |doi=10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.884 |url=}}</ref>


===Heart===
*Ear [[pain]] may be present.
*A [[heave]] may be present
*A [[thrill]] may be present
*A [[friction rub]] may be pressent


====Auscultation====
*Soreness of the throat may be present.
*[[Heart sounds#First heart tone S1, the "lub"(components M1 and T1)|S1]]
*[[Heart sounds#Second heart tone S2 the "dub"(components A2 and P2)|S2]]
*[[Heart sounds#Third heart sound S3|S3]]
*[[Heart sounds#Fourth heart sound S4|S4]]
*[[Heart sounds#Summation Gallop|Gallops]]
*A [[systolic murmur]] best heard at the base may be present
*A [[systolic murmur]] best heard at the apex may be present
*A [[diastolic murmur]] may be present


===Abdomen===
*Difficulty in moving [[tongue]] may be present.
*[[Abdominal distention]] may be present
*[[Numbness]] of the [[tongue]] may be present.
*[[Abdominal tenderness]] may be present
*[[Swelling]] of the [[jaw]] may be present.
*[[Rebound tenderness]] may be present
*An [[acute abdomen]] may be present
*An abdominal mass may be present
*Guarding may be present
*[[Hepatomegaly]] may be present
*[[Splenomegaly]] may be present
*Genitourinary exam if relevant


===Extremities===
*[[Clubbing]] may be present
*[[Cyanosis]] may be present
*[[Edema]] may be present
===Neurologic===
* Mental status may be altered
* Glasgow coma scale is ___
* Clonus may be present
* Hyperactive reflexes may be present
* There are deficits in cranial nerves __
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
Line 155: Line 35:
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Needs content]]


{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Surgery]]

Latest revision as of 12:51, 11 April 2019

Oral cancer Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Oral cancer from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Oral cancer physical examination On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Oral cancer physical examination

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Oral cancer physical examination

CDC on Oral cancer physical examination

Oral cancer physical examination in the news

Blogs on Oral cancer physical examination

Directions to Hospitals Treating Oral cancer

Risk calculators and risk factors for Oral cancer physical examination

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sargun Singh Walia M.B.B.S.[2]; Grammar Reviewer: Natalie Harpenau, B.S.[3]

Overview

Common physical examination findings of oral cancer include a lump or thickening in the soft tissues of the oral cavity, soreness, difficulty chewing or swallowing, ear pain, difficulty moving the jaw or tongue, hoarseness, numbness of the tongue, or swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly.

Physical Examination

  • A thorough head and neck examination should be a routine part of each patient's dental visit and general medical examination.

Appearance of the patient

  • The patient may appear ill and cachexic.

HEENT

  • Dental practitioners and dental care professionals should examine the teeth and entire oral mucosa.
  • Most common involved sites in the oral cavity include:
    • Tongue
    • Lateral and ventrolateral aspects of mouth
    • Floor of mouth
  • Lesions such as ulcers, red or white patches may be visible.
  • Any ulcer with a duration that persists for more than 3 weeks then it should be biopsied.[1]
  • Ear pain may be present.
  • Soreness of the throat may be present.

References

  1. ↑ Scully C (2013). "Rule for cancer diagnosis". Br Dent J. 215 (6): 265–6. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.884. PMID 24072273.

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Oral_cancer_physical_examination&oldid=1562674"