Endometrial cancer causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
(Mahshid)
 
(14 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Endometrial cancer}}
{{Endometrial cancer}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{MD}}
 
==Overview==
==Overview==
The cause of endometrial cancer has not been identified.
Causes of endometrial cancer include genetic mutations of the ''[[KRAS]]'' gene, ''[[TP53]]'' gene, ''[[P16 (gene)|TP16]]'' gene, and/or ''[[PTEN]]'' gene. Other genetic mutations have also been described.


 
==Causes==
==Overview==
Endometrial cancer arises following multiple genetic mutations. The following genes are involved in the development of endometrial cancer:
There are both genetic and environmental causes of endometrial carcinoma. Some of the genetic causes are Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) syndrome.The sporadic colorectal cancers develop from environmental causes.
{| <!--Placing these in a table with no border will keep them together/aligned in any browser-->
 
|-
==Causes==
|
Overall, genetic causes contribute to 2–10% of endometrial cancer cases.<ref><ref name="pmid24098868">{{cite journal| author=Reinbolt RE, Hays JL| title=The Role of PARP Inhibitors in the Treatment of Gynecologic Malignancies. | journal=Front Oncol | year= 2013 | volume= 3 | issue=  | pages= 237 | pmid=24098868 | doi=10.3389/fonc.2013.00237 | pmc=PMC3787651 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24098868  }} </ref></ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
:* Lynch syndrome
|+Mutations found in Type I and Type II endometrial cancers<ref>International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. Chapter 5.12. ISBN 978-92-832-0429-9.</ref>  
[[Lynch syndrome]], an [[autosomal dominant]] genetic disorder that mainly causes [[colorectal cancer]], also causes endometrial cancer, especially before menopause. Women with Lynch syndrome have a 40–60%&nbsp;risk of developing endometrial cancer, higher than their risk of developing colorectal (bowel) or ovarian cancer.<ref name=Hoffman818/> Ovarian and endometrial cancer develop simultaneously in 20% of people. Endometrial cancer nearly always develops before colon cancer, on average, 11&nbsp;years before.<ref name=Ma>{{cite journal |last1=Ma |first1=J |last2=Ledbetter |first2=N |last3=Glenn |first3=L |year=2013 |title=Testing women with endometrial cancer for lynch syndrome: should we test all? |journal=Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=322–30 |doi= |pmid=25032011 |pmc=4093445}}</ref> [[Carcinogenesis]] in Lynch syndrome comes from a mutation in ''[[MLH1]]'' and/or ''MLH2'': genes that participate in the process of [[mismatch repair]], which allows a cell to correct mistakes in the DNA.<ref name=Hoffman818/> Other genes mutated in Lynch syndrome include ''[[MSH2]]'', ''[[MSH6]]'', and ''[[PMS2]]'', which are also mismatch repair genes. Women with Lynch syndrome represent 2–3% of endometrial cancer cases; some sources place this as high as 5%.<ref name=Ma/><ref name=Colombo/> Depending on the gene mutation, women with Lynch syndrome have different risks of endometrial cancer. With ''[[MLH1]]'' mutations, the risk is 54%; with ''[[MSH2]]'', 21%; and with [[MSH6]], 16%.<ref name=Burke1/>
|-
:* Cowden syndrome
!Gene mutated
Women with a family history of endometrial cancer are at higher risk. The inherited genetic condition [[Cowden syndrome]] can also cause endometrial cancer. Women with this disorder have a 5–10%&nbsp;lifetime risk of developing endometrial cancer,<ref name="WCR2014Epi"/> compared to the 2–3%&nbsp;risk for unaffected women.<ref name=Ma/>
!Mutation type
!Type I prevalence
!Type II prevalence
|-
|''[[ARID1A]]''
|[[point mutation]]
|40%
|unknown
|-
| ''CTNNB1''
|point mutation
|14–44%
|unknown
|-
|''[[FGFR2]]''
|point mutation
|16%
|unknown
|-
|''[[KRAS]]''
|point mutation
|10–20%
|unknown
|-
| ''PIK3R1''
|point mutation
|43%
|unknown
|-
|''[[TP53]]''
|point mutation
|10–20%
|90%
|-
|''[[PTEN (gene)|PTEN]]''
|point mutation
|37–61%
|unknown
|-
|''[[MLH1]]''
|[[gene silencing|epigenetic silencing]]
|30%
|unknown
|-
| ''RASSF1A''
|epigenetic silencing
|48%
|unknown
|-
| ''SPRY2''
|epigenetic silencing
|20%
|unknown
|-
| ''PPP2R1A''
|point mutation
|unknown
|17–41%
|-
| ''CDH1 (gene)|CDH1''
|[[loss of heterozygosity]]
|unknown
|80–90%
|-
|''[[p16 (gene)|CDKN2A]]''
|loss of heterozygosity and/or<br />epigenetic silencing
|20%
|40%
|-
| ''PIK3CA'' ([[oncogene]])
|point mutation or amplification (molecular biology)|amplification
|24–39%
|20–30%
|-
| ''PIK3R1'' (oncogene)
|point mutation
|unknown
|12%
|-
| ''STK15'' (oncogene)
|amplification
|unknown
|60%
|-
|''[[CCNE1]]'' (oncogene)
|amplification
|unknown
|55%
|-
| ''ERBB2'' (oncogene)
|amplification
|unknown
|30%
|-
|''[[CCND1]]'' (oncogene)
|amplification
|unknown
|26%
|}
|}


==References==
==References==
Line 26: Line 124:
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Surgery]]

Latest revision as of 22:15, 26 November 2017

Endometrial cancer Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Endometrial cancer from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Endometrial cancer causes On the Web

Most recent articles

cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Endometrial cancer causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Endometrial cancer causes

CDC on Endometrial cancer causes

Endometrial cancer causes in the news

Blogs on Endometrial cancer causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Endometrial cancer

Risk calculators and risk factors for Endometrial cancer causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]

Overview

Causes of endometrial cancer include genetic mutations of the KRAS gene, TP53 gene, TP16 gene, and/or PTEN gene. Other genetic mutations have also been described.

Causes

Endometrial cancer arises following multiple genetic mutations. The following genes are involved in the development of endometrial cancer:

Mutations found in Type I and Type II endometrial cancers[1]
Gene mutated Mutation type Type I prevalence Type II prevalence
ARID1A point mutation 40% unknown
CTNNB1 point mutation 14–44% unknown
FGFR2 point mutation 16% unknown
KRAS point mutation 10–20% unknown
PIK3R1 point mutation 43% unknown
TP53 point mutation 10–20% 90%
PTEN point mutation 37–61% unknown
MLH1 epigenetic silencing 30% unknown
RASSF1A epigenetic silencing 48% unknown
SPRY2 epigenetic silencing 20% unknown
PPP2R1A point mutation unknown 17–41%
CDH1 loss of heterozygosity unknown 80–90%
CDKN2A loss of heterozygosity and/or
epigenetic silencing 		20% 40%
PIK3CA (oncogene) amplification 24–39% 20–30%
PIK3R1 (oncogene) point mutation unknown 12%
STK15 (oncogene) amplification unknown 60%
CCNE1 (oncogene) amplification unknown 55%
ERBB2 (oncogene) amplification unknown 30%
CCND1 (oncogene) amplification unknown 26%

References

  1. ↑ International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. Chapter 5.12. ISBN 978-92-832-0429-9.


Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Endometrial_cancer_causes&oldid=1393348"