Altered mental status causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Life threatening causes of altered mental status include [[malignant hypertension]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[rabies]] and [[sepsis]]. Other common causes of altered mental status include [[Alcohol|alcohol withdrawal]], [[dehydration]], [[electrolyte disturbance]] and [[hypoglycemia]]. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
*[[Carbon monoxide toxicity]] | |||
*[[Heat stroke]] | |||
*[[Hypothermia]] | |||
*[[Malignant hypertension]] | |||
*[[Myocardial infarction]] | |||
*[[Rabies]] | |||
*[[Sepsis]] | |||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
*[[Alcohol|Alcohol withdrawal]] | |||
*[[Withdrawal|Drug withdrawal]] | |||
*[[Dehydration]] | |||
*[[Electrolyte disturbance]] | |||
*[[Encephalitis]] | |||
*[[Epileptic seizures]] | |||
*[[Hyperglycemia]] | |||
*[[Hypoglycemia]] | |||
*[[Meningitis]] | |||
*[[Sepsis]] | |||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1" | {|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1" | ||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular''' | |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular''' | ||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |[[ | |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |[[Carotid artery stenosis]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[cardiac output|decreased cardiac output ]],[[disseminated intravascular coagulation]], [[heart attack]], [[hypotension]], [[hypoxemia]], [[malignant hypertension]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[shock]], [[sleep apnea]], [[stroke]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[ventricular arrhythmia]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | | '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Atropa belladonna|Atropa belladonna extract]], [[bromide]], [[Eastern brown snake|brown snake poisoning]], [[carbon monoxide poisoning]], [[carbon tetrachloride]], [[Carbonyl|carbonyl poisoning]], [[Snake venoms|coral snake poisoning]], [[cyanide]], [[daphne poisoning]], [[ethanol]], [[ethylene glycol]], [[gamma hydroxybutyrate]], [[hallucinogens]], [[heroin]], [[Hydrocarbon|hydrocarbon poisoning]], [[hydrogen sulfide]], [[hypomagnesemia]], [[Iron|iron compounds]], [[Jimson weed]], [[ketamine]], [[lead]], [[lithium]], [[Mandrake (plant)|mandrake]], [[manganese]], [[marijuana]], [[methanol]], [[Milk|milk poisoning]], [[nickel]], [[organic solvent]], [[paraldehyde]], [[perazine]], [[Phencyclidine|phencyclidine poisoning]], [[poison hemlock]], [[psilocybin]], [[snake bite]], [[spider bite]],[[Mescalbean|Texas Mescalbean poisoning]], [[Thallium|thallium sulfate poisoning]], [[toluene]], [[Conium|water hemlock poisoning]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
Line 25: | Line 42: | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Dermatologic''' | | '''Dermatologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Burns]], [[porphyria|chester porphyria]], [[plague]], [[porphyria]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | | '''Drug Side Effect''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acyclovir]], [[alfentanil]], [[alphaprodine]], [[amantadine]], [[amiloride]], [[aminoglycosides]], [[aminophylline]], [[amitriptyline]], [[amlodipine]][[amobarbital]], [[amphetamine]], [[amphotericin B]], [[analgesics]], [[antiarrhythmics]], [[anticholinergics]], [[antidepressants]], [[antiemetics]], [[antihistamines]] [[antimalarials]], [[antipsychotic agents]], [[antispasmodics]], [[apomorphine]], [[aripiprazole]], [[armodafinil]], [[amobarbital]], [[asparaginase]], [[aspirin]], [[atropine]], [[baclofen]], [[barbiturates]], [[benzodiazepines]], [[beta blockers]], [[blinatumomab]], [[bromocriptine]], [[bupivacaine]], [[buprenorphine]], [[butorphanol]], [[cabergoline]], [[Paregoric|camphorated opium tincture]], [[carbamazepine]], [[cephalosporins]], [[chlophedianol]], [[chloroquine]], [[chlorpheniramine]], [[chlorpromazine]],[[cholinesterase inhibitors]], [[cinnarizine]], [[ciprofloxacin]], [[clomethiazole]], [[clonazepam]], [[clonidine]], [[clozapine]], [[cocaine]], [[codeine]], [[corticosteroids]], [[cyclazocine]], [[cyclobenzaprine]], [[cycloserine]], [[deserpidine]], [[desipramine]], [[dexamfetamine]], [[dextromoramide]], [[dezocine]], [[diamorphine]], [[diazepam]], [[digoxin]], [[dihydrocodeine]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[dipipanone]], [[disulfiram]], [[diuretics]], [[domperidone]], [[donepezil]], [[dopamine agonists]], [[dothiepin]], [[doxylamine]], [[drug overdose]], [[drug withdrawal]], [[efavirenz]], [[eszopiclone]], [[ethosuximide]], [[ethotoin]], [[ethylmorphine]], [[fentanyl]], [[fludarabine]], [[fluoroquinolones]], [[gabapentin]], [[general anaesthesia]], [[glutethimide]], [[guanethidine]], [[hallucinogens]], [[histamine-2 receptor blocker]], [[hydromorphone]], [[hydroxyzine]], [[ifosfamide]], [[interferon]], [[interleukin]], [[isoniazid]], [[ketobemidone]], [[L-dopa]], [[lanatoside C]], [[lenalidomide]], [[levetiracetam]], [[levodopa]], [[levomepromazine]], [[levorphanol]], [[lidocaine]], [[linezolid]], [[lithium]], [[loperamide]], [[lorazepam]], [[lysergic acid diethylamide]], [[lysuride]], [[macrolides]], [[marijuana]], [[memantine]], [[meptazinol]], [[mescaline]], [[methadone]], [[methadyl acetate]], [[methcathinone]], [[methyldopa]], [[methyldopate]], [[methylenedioxymethamphetamine]], [[methylphenidate]], [[metronidazole]], [[mirtazapine]], [[monoamine oxidase inhibitors]], [[monomethylhydrazine]], [[morphine]], [[muscle relaxant]], [[mushrooms]], [[nabilone]], [[nalbuphine]], [[nalidixic acid]], [[nelarabine]], [[nitrazepam]], [[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]], [[norfloxacin]], [[norpropoxyphene]], [[nortriptyline]], [[noscapine]], [[olanzapine]], [[opiates]], [[opium]], [[oxazepam]], [[oxycodone]], [[oxycontin]], [[oxymorphone]], [[papaveretum]], [[penicillins]], [[pentazocine]], [[perampanel]], [[pergolide]], [[pethidine]], [[phenazocine]], [[phencyclidine]], [[phenelzine]], [[phenobarbital]], [[phenoperidine]], [[phenothiazines]], [[phentermine]], [[phenytoin]], [[pholcodine]], [[piribedil]], [[piritramide]], [[pizotifen]], [[pomalidomide]], [[pramipexole]], [[prednisolone]], [[primidone]], [[prochlorperazine]], [[propoxyphene]], [[propranolol]], [[List of psychotropic medications|psychotropics]], [[quetiapine]], [[quinine]], [[quinolones]], [[ramelteon]], [[rasagiline]], [[remifentanil]], [[reserpine]], [[retigabine]], [[rifampin]], [[risperidone]], [[rivastigmine]], [[ropinirole]], [[salicylate]], [[secobarbital]], [[sedative hypnotics]], [[sedatives]], [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]], [[selegiline]], [[skeletal muscle relaxant]], [[st John's wort]], [[steroid abuse]], [[sufentanil]], [[sulfonamides]], [[thioridazine]], [[tricyclic antidepressants]], [[zaleplon]], [[ziprasidone]], [[zolpidem]], [[zopiclone]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Ear Nose Throat''' | | '''Ear Nose Throat''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Presbyacusis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Endocrine''' | | '''Endocrine''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Addisonian crisis]], [[adrenal cortex insufficiency]], [[Carcinoid syndrome|carcinoid crisis]], [[cushing syndrome]], [[diabetic coma]], [[diabetic hypoglycemia]], [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[Endocrine diseases|elevated or depressed adrenal function]], [[Endocrine diseases|elevated or depressed pancreas function]], [[Endocrine diseases|elevated or depressed pituitary function]], [[hyperglycemia]], [[hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma]], [[hyperosmolar syndrome|hyperosmolar states]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[hypoglycemia]], [[hypopituitarism]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[myxedema coma]], [[phaeochromocytoma]], [[pituitary apoplexy]], [[thyrotoxicosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Environmental''' | | '''Environmental''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Altitude sickness|Acute altitude sickness]], [[decompression sickness]], [[electric shock]], [[heat stroke]], [[hyperthermia]], [[hypothermia]], [[sick building syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Gastroenterologic''' | | '''Gastroenterologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[diverticulitis|Acute diverticulitis]], [[appendicitis]], [[Carcinoid syndrome|carcinoid crisis]], [[cirrhosis of liver]], [[constipation]], [[folate deficiency]], [[hepatic encephalopathy]], [[hepatic failure]], [[mesenteric ischemia]], [[mucormycosis]], [[Reye's syndrome]], [[Mucormycosis|rhinocerebral mucormycosis]] [[Mucormycosis|rhinocerebral zygomycosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Genetic''' | | '''Genetic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Adrenoleukodystrophy|adrenal leukodystrophy]], [[Porphyria|chester porphyria]], [[citrullinemia type 2]], [[Hereditary coproporphyria|coproporphyria hereditary]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Hematologic''' | | '''Hematologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[porphyria|Chester porphyria]], [[disseminated intravascular coagulation]], [[fat emboli]], [[folate deficiency]], [[hypovolemia]], [[internal bleeding]], [[hypercoagulable state]], [[hypereosinophilia]], [[leukostasis]], [[methemoglobinemia]], [[plague]], [[polycythemia]], [[porphyria]], [[Thrombophilia|prothrombotic state]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[severe hemorrhage]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Iatrogenic''' | | '''Iatrogenic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome]], [[serotonin syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Infectious Disease''' | | '''Infectious Disease''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Appendicitis]], [[bacterial meningitis]], [[bartonella infections]], [[brain abscess]], [[brain infection]], [[Brill-Zinsser disease]], [[cat scratch disease ]], [[cerebral abscess]], [[cerebral malaria]], [[Lower respiratory tract infection classification|chest infection]], [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]], [[disseminated intravascular coagulation]], [[epidemic typhus]], [[epidural abscess]], [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)]], [[infectious mononucleosis]], [[intracranial abscess]], [[ Intracranial abscess / granuloma|intracranial granuloma]], [[legionella infection]], [[listeria]], [[Lyme disease]], [[malaria]], [[mucormycosis]], [[neurocysticercosis]],[[neurosyphilis]], [[plague]], [[septicemia|postoperative septicemia]], [[pyelonephritis, acute]], [[rabies]], [[Epidemic typhus|recrudescent typhus]] [[Mucormycosis|rhinocerebral mucormycosis]], [[Rickettsiae]], [[sepsis]], [[septic shock]], [[sleeping sickness (East African)]], [[sleeping sickness (West African)]], [[streptococcal infections]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[subdural empyema]], [[Infection|surgical wound infection]], [[syphilis]], [[systemic infection]], [[systemic inflammatory response syndrome]], [[typhoid fever]], [[urinary tract infection]], [[vancomycin resistant enterococcal bacteremia]], [[viral hemorrhagic fever]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic''' | | '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Fat emboli]], [[gangrene]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Neurologic''' | | '''Neurologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acute altitude sickness]], [[acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]], [[advanced sleep phase syndrome|advanced sleep phase disorder]], [[bacterial meningitis]], [[Basilar artery|basilar occlusion]], [[Anterior cerebral artery|bilateral anterior cerebral artery occlusion]], [[Internal carotid artery|bilateral internal carotid occlusion]] , [[basal ganglia diseases]], [[brain abscess]], [[brain damage]], [[brain edema]], [[brain infection]], [[brain tumor]], [[brainstem stroke|brainstem hemorrhage]] [[brain stem infarction]], [[central pontine myelinolysis]], [[Cerebral abscess]], [[cerebral hypoxia]], [[cerebral infarction]], [[cerebral malaria]], [[cerebral oedema]], [[cerebral vasculitis]], [[cerebrovascular accident]], [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]], [[decompression sickness]], [[delayed sleep phase syndrome]], [[dementia]], [[dialysis encephalopathy syndrome|dialysis encephalopathy]], [[encephalitis]], [[encephalopathy]], [[epidural abscess]], [[epidural haemorrhage]], [[epidural hematoma]], [[epileptic seizures]], [[extradural hematoma]], [[fat emboli]], [[fungal meningitis]], [[gangrene]], [[head injury]], [[hepatic encephalopathy]], [[hydrocephalus]], [[hyperbaric sickness]], [[hypertensive encephalopathy]], [[intracerebral hemorrhage]], [[intracranial abscess]], [[ Intracranial abscess / granuloma|intracranial granuloma]], [[intracranial space-occupying lesion]], [[Korsakoff's Syndrome]], [[leukoencephalopathy]], [[Lewy body dementia]], supratentorial infarction, [[meningitis]], [[meningoencephalitis]], [[Brain stem tumor|midline brainstem tumor]], [[Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy|multifocal leukoencephalopathy]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[neurocysticercosis]], [[neurosyphilis]], [[nonconvulsive status epilepticus]], [[pain]], [[panayiotopoulos syndrome]], [[Pick's disease]], [[Intracranial haemorrhage|pontine hemorrhage]], [[postictal state]], [[encephalomyelitis|postinfectious encephalomyelitis]], [[raised intracranial pressure]], [[reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome]], [[Reye's syndrome]], [[Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis|sagittal sinus thrombosis]], [[seizure]], [[stroke]], [[subarachnoid haemorrhage]], [[subdural haemorrhage]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | | '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Adrenoleukodystrophy|adrenal leukodystrophy]], aminoacidemia, [[Milk-alkali syndrome|Burnett's syndrome]], [[citrullinemia type 2]], [[Cope's syndrome]], [[Hereditary coproporphyria|coproporphyria,hereditary]], [[folate deficiency]], [[hyperammonemia]], [[hypercalcaemia]], [[hyperglycemia]], [[hypermagnesemia]], [[hypernatremia]], [[hypocalcaemia]], [[hypoglycaemia]], [[hypokalaemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]], [[hyponatraemia]], [[Korsakoff's Syndrome]], [[lipid storage disorder]], [[Niacin|niacin deficiencies]], [[niacin deficiency]], [[pellagra]],[[Porphobilinogen synthase|porphobilinogen synthase deficiency]], [[starvation]], [[thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency]], [[vitamin B12 deficiency]], [[Wilson's disease]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Eclampsia]], [[Hyperestrogenism|hyperoestrogenic states]], [[preeclampsia ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Oncologic''' | | '''Oncologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Brain tumor]], [[Carcinoid syndrome|carcinoid crisis]], [[Chronic myelogenous leukemia|leukemic blast cell crisis]], [[Brain stem tumor|midline brainstem tumor]], [[phaeochromocytoma]], [[Adult brain tumors classification|subependymoma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Overdose/Toxicity''' | | '''Overdose/Toxicity''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Alcoholism|Alcohol overdose]], [[drug overdose]], [[heroin overdose]], Illegal drug overdose | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Psychiatric''' | | '''Psychiatric''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Advanced sleep phase syndrome|Advanced sleep phase disorder]], [[alcohol withdrawal]], [[Anxiety|anxiety state]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[brief psychotic disorder]], [[catatonia]], [[chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[delayed sleep phase syndrome]], [[dementia]], [[depression]], [[drug abuse]], [[hysteria]], [[Kleine–Levin syndrome]], [[Korsakoff's Syndrome]], [[Lewy body dementia]], [[mental health]], [[narcolepsy]], [[neuroleptic malignant syndrome]], [[stress|postoperative stress]], [[psychiatric disorders]], [[schizoaffective disorder]],[[schizophrenia]], [[suicide]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Pulmonary''' | | '''Pulmonary''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Respiratory failure]], [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Respiratory failure]], [[hypoxemia]], [[hypercarbia]], [[acute altitude sickness]], [[Lower respiratory tract infection|chest infection]], [[fat emboli]],[[hypercapnia]], [[plague]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[respiratory acidosis]], [[respiratory failure]], [[sleep apnea]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | | '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Milk-alkali syndrome|Burnett's syndrome]], [[Cope's syndrome]], [[electrolyte disturbance]], [[hypercalcaemia]], [[hypermagnesemia]], [[hypernatremia]], [[hyperphosphatemia]], [[hypocalcaemia]], [[hypoglycaemia]], [[hypokalaemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]], [[hyponatraemia]], [[hyperosmolar syndrome|hyperosmolar states]], [[hyponatremia causes|hypoosmolar states]], [[hypophosphatemia ]], [[interstitial nephritis]], [[kidney failure]], [[lactic acidosis]], [[membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]], [[pyelonephritis, acute]], [[renal failure, acute]], [[renal failure, chronic]], [[respiratory acidosis]], [[uremia]], [[dehydration]] | ||
[[ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[fibromyalgia]], [[vasculitis]], [[rheumatic fever]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Trauma''' | | '''Trauma''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Electric shock]], [[electrocution]], [[head injury]], [[skull fracture]], [[trauma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Urologic''' | | '''Urologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| | |bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Miscellaneous''' | | '''Miscellaneous''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[ | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Henbane]], [[Salvia divinorum|salvia]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
{{columns-list|4| | {{columns-list|4| | ||
*[[Acidosis]] | *[[Acidosis]] | ||
*[[Adrenal insufficiency|Acute adrenal insufficiency]] | |||
*[[Acute altitude sickness]] | *[[Acute altitude sickness]] | ||
*[[Delirium|Acute confusional state]] | *[[Delirium|Acute confusional state]] | ||
*[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]] | *[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]] | ||
*[[encephalopathy|Acute encephalopathy]] | |||
*[[Diverticulitis|Acute diverticulitis]] | *[[Diverticulitis|Acute diverticulitis]] | ||
*[[Acute intermittent porphyria]] | *[[Acute intermittent porphyria]] | ||
Line 159: | Line 179: | ||
*[[Antiepileptics]] | *[[Antiepileptics]] | ||
*[[Antihistamines]] | *[[Antihistamines]] | ||
*[[Antimalarials]] | *[[Antimalarials]] | ||
*[[Antipsychotic agents]] | *[[Antipsychotic agents]] | ||
Line 177: | Line 196: | ||
*[[Barbiturates]] | *[[Barbiturates]] | ||
*[[Bartonella infections ]] | *[[Bartonella infections ]] | ||
*[[Basilar occlusion]] | *[[Basilar artery|Basilar occlusion]] | ||
*[[Benzodiazepines]] | *[[Benzodiazepines]] | ||
*[[Beta blockers]] | *[[Beta blockers]] | ||
*[[Anterior cerebral artery|Bilateral anterior cerebral artery occlusion]] | *[[Anterior cerebral artery|Bilateral anterior cerebral artery occlusion]] | ||
*[[Bilateral internal carotid occlusion]] | *[[Internal carotid artery|Bilateral internal carotid occlusion]] | ||
*[[Basal ganglia diseases]] | *[[Basal ganglia diseases]] | ||
*[[Bipolar disorder]] | *[[Bipolar disorder]] | ||
Line 192: | Line 211: | ||
*[[Brainstem stroke|Brainstem hemorrhage]] | *[[Brainstem stroke|Brainstem hemorrhage]] | ||
*[[Brain stem infarction]] | *[[Brain stem infarction]] | ||
*[[Brainstem | *[[Bickerstaff's encephalitis|Brainstem encephalitis]] | ||
*[[Brief psychotic disorder]] | *[[Brief psychotic disorder]] | ||
*[[Brill-Zinsser disease ]] | *[[Brill-Zinsser disease ]] | ||
Line 209: | Line 228: | ||
*[[Carbon tetrachloride]] | *[[Carbon tetrachloride]] | ||
*[[Carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid crisis ]] | *[[Carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid crisis ]] | ||
*[[Carotid artery stenosis]] | *[[Carotid artery stenosis]] | ||
*[[Cat scratch disease ]] | *[[Cat scratch disease ]] | ||
Line 222: | Line 240: | ||
*[[Cerebral vasculitis]] | *[[Cerebral vasculitis]] | ||
*[[Cerebrovascular accident]] | *[[Cerebrovascular accident]] | ||
*[[Chest infection]] | *[[Lower respiratory tract infection|Chest infection]] | ||
*[[Porphyria|Chester porphyria]] | *[[Porphyria|Chester porphyria]] | ||
*[[Chlophedianol]] | *[[Chlophedianol]] | ||
Line 242: | Line 260: | ||
*[[Cocaine]] | *[[Cocaine]] | ||
*[[Codeine]] | *[[Codeine]] | ||
*[[Congestive heart failure]] | *[[Congestive heart failure]] | ||
*[[Constipation]] | *[[Constipation]] | ||
Line 282: | Line 299: | ||
*[[Disulfiram]] | *[[Disulfiram]] | ||
*[[Diuretics]] | *[[Diuretics]] | ||
*[[Domperidone]] | *[[Domperidone]] | ||
*[[Donepezil]] | *[[Donepezil]] | ||
Line 295: | Line 311: | ||
*[[Electrocution]] | *[[Electrocution]] | ||
*[[Electrolyte disturbance]] | *[[Electrolyte disturbance]] | ||
*[[Elevated or depressed adrenal function]] | *[[Endocrine diseases|Elevated or depressed adrenal function]] | ||
*[[Elevated or depressed pancreas function]] | *[[Endocrine diseases|Elevated or depressed pancreas function]] | ||
*[[Encephalitis]] | *[[Encephalitis]] | ||
*[[Encephalopathy]] | *[[Encephalopathy]] | ||
*[[Epidemic typhus ]] | *[[Epidemic typhus ]] | ||
*[[Epidural | *[[Epidural hemorrhage]] | ||
*[[Epidural hematoma]] | *[[Epidural hematoma]] | ||
*[[Epileptic seizures]] | *[[Epileptic seizures]] | ||
Line 327: | Line 342: | ||
*[[Head injury]] | *[[Head injury]] | ||
*[[Heart attack]] | *[[Heart attack]] | ||
*[[Heat stroke]] | *[[Heat stroke]] | ||
*[[Henbane]] | *[[Henbane]] | ||
*[[Hepatic encephalopathy]] | *[[Hepatic encephalopathy]] | ||
*[[Hepatic failure]] | *[[Hepatic failure]] | ||
*[[Heroin overdose]] | *[[Heroin overdose]] | ||
*[[Histamine-2 receptor blocker]] | *[[Histamine-2 receptor blocker]] | ||
Line 346: | Line 359: | ||
*[[Hyperammonemia]] | *[[Hyperammonemia]] | ||
*[[Hyperbaric sickness]] | *[[Hyperbaric sickness]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Hypercalcemia]] | ||
*[[Hypercapnia]] | *[[Hypercapnia]] | ||
*[[Hypercarbia]] | *[[Hypercarbia]] | ||
Line 359: | Line 372: | ||
*[[Hypertensive encephalopathy]] | *[[Hypertensive encephalopathy]] | ||
*[[Hyperthermia]] | *[[Hyperthermia]] | ||
*[[Hyperthyroidism]] | *[[Hyperthyroidism]] | ||
*[[Hypocalcaemia]] | *[[Hypocalcaemia]] | ||
Line 387: | Line 399: | ||
*[[Intracranial abscess / granuloma ]] | *[[Intracranial abscess / granuloma ]] | ||
*[[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]] | *[[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]] | ||
*[[Iron compounds]] | *[[Iron|Iron compounds]] | ||
*[[Isoniazid]] | *[[Isoniazid]] | ||
*[[Jimson weed]] | *[[Jimson weed]] | ||
Line 426: | Line 438: | ||
*[[Manganese]] | *[[Manganese]] | ||
*[[Marijuana]] | *[[Marijuana]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Supratentorial infarction]] | ||
*[[Memantine]] | *[[Memantine]] | ||
*[[Glomerulonephritis classification|Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ]] | *[[Glomerulonephritis classification|Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ]] | ||
Line 434: | Line 445: | ||
*[[Mental health]] | *[[Mental health]] | ||
*[[Meptazinol]] | *[[Meptazinol]] | ||
*[[Mescaline]] | *[[Mescaline]] | ||
*[[Mesenteric ischemia]] | *[[Mesenteric ischemia]] | ||
*[[Methadone]] | *[[Methadone]] | ||
*[[Methadyl acetate]] | *[[Methadyl acetate]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Methemoglobinemia]] | ||
*[[Methanol]] | *[[Methanol]] | ||
*[[Methcathinone]] | *[[Methcathinone]] | ||
Line 448: | Line 458: | ||
*[[Metronidazole]] | *[[Metronidazole]] | ||
*[[Brain stem tumor|Midline brainstem tumor]] | *[[Brain stem tumor|Midline brainstem tumor]] | ||
*[[Milk|Milk poisoning | *[[Milk|Milk poisoning]] | ||
*[[Mirtazapine]] | *[[Mirtazapine]] | ||
*[[Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]] | *[[Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]] | ||
Line 483: | Line 493: | ||
*[[Oxazepam]] | *[[Oxazepam]] | ||
*[[Oxycodone]] | *[[Oxycodone]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Oxycontin]] | ||
*[[Oxymorphone]] | *[[Oxymorphone]] | ||
*[[Pain]] | *[[Pain]] | ||
*[[Panayiotopoulos syndrome]] | *[[Panayiotopoulos syndrome]] | ||
*[[Papaveretum]] | *[[Papaveretum]] | ||
Line 521: | Line 530: | ||
*[[Porphobilinogen synthase|Porphobilinogen synthase deficiency]] | *[[Porphobilinogen synthase|Porphobilinogen synthase deficiency]] | ||
*[[Porphyria]] | *[[Porphyria]] | ||
*[[Postictal state]] | *[[Postictal state]] | ||
*[[Encephalomyelitis|Postinfectious encephalomyelitis]] | *[[Encephalomyelitis|Postinfectious encephalomyelitis]] | ||
Line 534: | Line 542: | ||
*[[Propoxyphene]] | *[[Propoxyphene]] | ||
*[[Propranolol]] | *[[Propranolol]] | ||
*[[Prothrombotic state]] | *[[Thrombophilia|Prothrombotic state]] | ||
*[[Psilocybin]] | *[[Psilocybin]] | ||
*[[Psychiatric disorders]] | *[[Psychiatric disorders]] | ||
Line 540: | Line 548: | ||
*[[Pulmonary embolism]] | *[[Pulmonary embolism]] | ||
*[[Pyelonephritis, acute]] | *[[Pyelonephritis, acute]] | ||
*[[Quinine]] | *[[Quinine]] | ||
*[[Quinolones]] | *[[Quinolones]] | ||
*[[Rabies]] | *[[Rabies]] | ||
Line 548: | Line 556: | ||
*[[Epidemic typhus|Recrudescent typhus]] | *[[Epidemic typhus|Recrudescent typhus]] | ||
*[[Remifentanil]] | *[[Remifentanil]] | ||
*[[Renal failure, chronic]] | *[[Renal failure, chronic]] | ||
*[[Reserpine]] | *[[Reserpine]] | ||
Line 566: | Line 573: | ||
*[[Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis|Sagittal sinus thrombosis]] | *[[Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis|Sagittal sinus thrombosis]] | ||
*[[Salicylate]] | *[[Salicylate]] | ||
*[[Salvia]] | *[[Salvia divinorum|Salvia]] | ||
*[[Schizoaffective disorder]] | *[[Schizoaffective disorder]] | ||
*[[Schizophrenia]] | *[[Schizophrenia]] | ||
*[[Sedative hypnotics]] | *[[Sedative hypnotics]] | ||
*[[Seizure]] | *[[Seizure]] | ||
*[[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] | *[[Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]] | ||
Line 599: | Line 605: | ||
*[[Sulfonamides]] | *[[Sulfonamides]] | ||
*[[Infection|Surgical wound infection]] | *[[Infection|Surgical wound infection]] | ||
*[[Syphilis]] | *[[Syphilis]] | ||
*[[Systemic infection]] | *[[Systemic infection]] | ||
Line 605: | Line 610: | ||
*[[Tacrolimus]] | *[[Tacrolimus]] | ||
*[[Tapentadol]] | *[[Tapentadol]] | ||
*[[Teen drug abuse]] | *[[Drug abuse|Teen drug abuse]] | ||
*[[Temazepam]] | *[[Temazepam]] | ||
*[[Temporal lobe epilepsy]] | *[[Temporal lobe epilepsy]] | ||
*[[Tetrahydrocannabinol]] | *[[Tetrahydrocannabinol]] | ||
*[[Dermatophyllum|Texas mescalbean poisoning]] | *[[Dermatophyllum|Texas mescalbean poisoning]] | ||
*[[Intracerebral hemorrhage | *[[Intracerebral hemorrhage|Thalamic hemorrhage]] | ||
*[[Thallium]] | *[[Thallium]] | ||
*[[Thebaine]] | *[[Thebaine]] | ||
Line 625: | Line 630: | ||
*[[Tranquilizers]] | *[[Tranquilizers]] | ||
*[[Transient global amnesia]] | *[[Transient global amnesia]] | ||
*[[Trauma]] | *[[Trauma]] | ||
*[[Tricyclic antidepressants]] | *[[Tricyclic antidepressants]] | ||
*[[Trihexyphenidyl]] | *[[Trihexyphenidyl]] | ||
*[[Typhoid fever]] | *[[Typhoid fever]] | ||
*[[Uremia]] | *[[Uremia]] | ||
*[[Uremic encephalopathy ]] | *[[Uremic encephalopathy ]] | ||
Line 652: | Line 655: | ||
*[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]] | *[[Viral hemorrhagic fever]] | ||
*[[Vitamin B12 Deficiency]] | *[[Vitamin B12 Deficiency]] | ||
*[[Vitiligo mental retardation facial dysmorphism uremia | *[[Craniofacial anomalies|Vitiligo mental retardation facial dysmorphism uremia]] | ||
*[[Water hemlock poisoning]] | *[[Water hemlock poisoning]] | ||
*[[Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome]] | *[[Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome]] | ||
Line 660: | Line 663: | ||
*[[West Nile fever ]] | *[[West Nile fever ]] | ||
*[[Wilson disease]] | *[[Wilson disease]] | ||
*[[Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome]] | *[[Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome]] | ||
*[[Withdrawal states ]] | *[[Withdrawal|Withdrawal states]] | ||
*[[Young mckeever squier syndrome ]] | *[[Young mckeever squier syndrome ]] | ||
*[[Ziconotide]] | *[[Ziconotide]] |
Latest revision as of 12:23, 30 November 2015
Altered mental status Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Altered mental status On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Altered mental status |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Pratik Bahekar, MBBS [2] Kiran Singh, M.D. [3]
Overview
Life threatening causes of altered mental status include malignant hypertension, myocardial infarction, rabies and sepsis. Other common causes of altered mental status include alcohol withdrawal, dehydration, electrolyte disturbance and hypoglycemia.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
- Carbon monoxide toxicity
- Heat stroke
- Hypothermia
- Malignant hypertension
- Myocardial infarction
- Rabies
- Sepsis
Common Causes
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Drug withdrawal
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte disturbance
- Encephalitis
- Epileptic seizures
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypoglycemia
- Meningitis
- Sepsis
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
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