Bone or cartilage mass classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Bone and cartilage tumors may be classified according to the WHO histological classification system into benign and malignant tumors, and categorized into 5 sub-types: cartilage tumors, osteogenic tumors, fibrohistiocytic tumors, notochordal tumors, hematopoietic tumors, and miscellaneous tumors.<ref name="bone1"> Bone tumors. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_tumor Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref><ref name="bone2">Alina Maria Sisu. On the Bone Tumours: Overview, Classification, Incidence, Histopathological Issues, Behavior and Review Using Literature Data. http://www.intechopen.com/books/histopathology-reviews-and-recent-advances/on-the-bone-tumours-overview-classification-incidence-histopathological-issues-behavior-and-review Accessed on February 2, 2016 </ref> In addition, bone and cartilage tumors may be sub-classified according to tumor location into 4 subtypes: diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphysis, and ungrouped/others.<ref name="pmid18223119">{{cite journal |vauthors=Miller TT |title=Bone tumors and tumorlike conditions: analysis with conventional radiography |journal=Radiology |volume=246 |issue=3 |pages=662–74 |year=2008 |pmid=18223119 |doi=10.1148/radiol.2463061038 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
The table below summarizes the | Bone and cartilage tumors may be classified by location, origin, and histopahological origin. | ||
* '''Tumor location''' | |||
:*[[Diaphysis]] | |||
:*[[Epiphysis]] | |||
:*[[Metaphysis]] | |||
:*Other/Unclassifed | |||
* '''Tumor nature''' | |||
:*Benign | |||
:*Malignant | |||
* '''Origin''' | |||
:*Primary | |||
:*Secondary ( see "Secondary tumors classification" below) | |||
* '''Histopathological origin''' | |||
:*Cartilage tumors | |||
:*Osteogenic tumors | |||
:*Fibrohistiocytic tumors | |||
:*Notochordal tumors | |||
:*Hematopoietic tumors | |||
:*Miscellaneous tumors. | |||
*The table below summarizes the classification of bone and cartilage tumors according to histopathological origin, tumor location, and tumor nature.<ref name="bone1"> Bone tumors. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_tumor Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref><ref name="bone2">Alina Maria Sisu. On the Bone Tumours: Overview, Classification, Incidence, Histopathological Issues, Behavior and Review Using Literature Data. http://www.intechopen.com/books/histopathology-reviews-and-recent-advances/on-the-bone-tumours-overview-classification-incidence-histopathological-issues-behavior-and-review Accessed on February 2, 2016 </ref> | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 1000px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
!style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" colspan=5|{{fontcolor|#000| Bone or cartilage mass classification <br> <SMALL> Adapted from ICD-10/WHO (9180–9269)<ref name="pmid18223119">{{cite journal |vauthors=Miller TT |title=Bone tumors and tumorlike conditions: analysis with conventional radiography |journal=Radiology |volume=246 |issue=3 |pages=662–74 |year=2008 |pmid=18223119 |doi=10.1148/radiol.2463061038 |url=}}</ref></SMALL>}} | |||
|- | |||
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Osteogenic tumors: bone-forming tumors}} | |||
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Cartilage tumors: cartilage-forming tumors}} | |||
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Fibrogenic or fibrohistiocytic tumors}} | |||
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Cystic tumors}} | |||
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Others ( hematopoietic, notochordal, and neuroectodermal)}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" colspan=5 |{{fontcolor|#000|'''Histological Type'''}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-align: left;" | | |||
*[[Osteoid osteoma]] | |||
*[[Osteoblastoma]] | |||
*[[Osteoma]] | |||
*[[Osteosarcoma]] | |||
| style="text-align: left;" | | |||
*[[Osteochondroma]] | |||
*[[Chondroblastoma]] | |||
*[[Enchondroma]] | |||
*[[Chondromyxoid fibroma]] | |||
| style="text-align: left;" | | |||
*[[Desmoplastic fibroma]] | |||
*[[Fibrous dysplasia]] | |||
*[[Ossyifing fibroma]] | |||
*[[Non-ossifying fibroma]] | |||
| style="text-align: left;" | | |||
*[[Unicameral bone cyst]] | |||
*Aneurysmal [[bone cyst]] | |||
| style="text-align: left;" | | |||
*[[Giant cell tumor]] | |||
*[[Adamantimoma]] | |||
*[[Eosinophilic granuloma]] | |||
*[[Ewing sarcoma]] | |||
*[[Metastases]] | |||
|- | |||
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" colspan=2|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Epiphysis}} | |||
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Diaphysis}} | |||
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" colspan=2|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Metaphysis}} | |||
|- | |||
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" colspan=5 |{{fontcolor|#000| '''Tumor Location'''}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-align: left;"colspan=2 | | |||
*[[Chondroblastoma]] | |||
*[[Giant cell tumor]] | |||
*[[Intraosseous ganglion]] | |||
*[[Chondrosarcoma]] | |||
*[[Metastases]] | |||
*[[Ewing sarcoma]] | |||
| style="text-align: left;"colspan=2 | | |||
| style="text-align: left;"colspan=2 | | |||
*[[Eosinophilic granuloma]] | |||
*[[Ewing sarcoma]]ada | |||
*[[Myeloma]] | |||
*[[Metastases]] | |||
*[[Adamantinoma]] | |||
*[[Ossyfing fibroma]] | |||
*[[Enchondroma]] | |||
| style="text-align: lwdr;" colspan=2| | |||
*[[Osteosarcoma]] | |||
*[[Chondromyxoid fibroma]] | |||
*[[Unicameral bone cyst]] | |||
*[[Osteoid osteoma]] | |||
*[[Metastases]] | |||
|- | |||
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" colspan=3|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Benign}} | |||
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" colspan=2|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Malignant}} | |||
|- | |||
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" colspan=5 |{{fontcolor|#000| '''Tumor Nature'''}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="text-align: left;" colspan=3 | | |||
*[[Osteoid osteoma]] | |||
*[[Enchondroma]] | |||
*[[Chondromyxoid fibroma]] | |||
*[[Ossifying fibroma]] | |||
*[[Osteoblastoma]] | |||
*[[Unicameral bone cyst]] | |||
* Aneursymal[[bone cyst]] | |||
*[[Giant cell tumor]] | |||
*[[Osteochondroma]] | |||
| style="text-align: left;" colspan=2 | | |||
*[[Osteosarcoma]] | |||
*[[Ewing sarcoma]] | |||
*[[Chondrosarcoma]] | |||
*[[Fibrosarcoma]] | |||
*[[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma]] | |||
*[[Plasma cell myeloma]] | |||
*[[Metastases]] | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
*The table below summarizes the classification of secondary bone tumors (also known as "metastases") according to location, and bone formation pattern. | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 1000px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
!style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" colspan=4|{{fontcolor|#000| Secondary bone tumors: classification <br> <SMALL> Adapted from Greenspan A et al. 2006 <ref name="greenspan">Greenspan A, Jundt G, Remagen W. Differential diagnosis in orthopaedic oncology. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, c2007. (2006) ISBN:0781779308</ref></SMALL>}} | |||
|- | |||
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" colspan="2"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Bone formation pattern}} | |||
!style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" colspan="2"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Tumor location}} | |||
|- | |||
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" | '''Osteolytic''' | |||
| | |||
*[[Renal cell cancer]] | |||
*[[Melanoma]] | |||
*[[Multiple myeloma]] | |||
*[[Non-small cell lung cancer]] | |||
*[[Thyroid cancer]] | |||
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] | |||
*[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]] | |||
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" | '''Skull''' | |||
| | |||
*[[Breast cancer]] | |||
*[[Lung cancer]] | |||
*[[Melanoma]] | |||
*[[Prostate cancer]] | |||
*[[Thyroid cancer]] (usually follicular) | |||
*[[Renal cell cancer]] | |||
*[[Lymphoma]] | |||
*[[Leukaemia]] | |||
*[[Multiple myeloma]] | |||
|- | |||
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" |'''Osteoblastic''' | |||
| | |||
*[[Prostate cancer]] | |||
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]] | |||
*[[Small cell lung cancer]] | |||
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] | |||
*[[Medulloblastoma]] | |||
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC"| '''Vertebral''' | |||
| | |||
*[[Breast cancer]] | |||
*[[Lung cancer]] | |||
*[[Prostate cancer]] | |||
*[[Lymphoma]] | |||
*[[Renal cell carcinoma]] | |||
*[[Gastrointestinal tract]] malignancies | |||
*[[Melanoma]] | |||
|- | |||
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" | '''Mixed''' | |||
| | |||
*[[Breast cancer]] | |||
*Gastrointestinal cancers | |||
*Squamous cancers (at most primary sites) | |||
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" rowspan="2" | '''Distal appendicular''' | |||
| rowspan="2" | | |||
*[[Lung cancer]] | |||
*[[Breast cancer]] | |||
*[[Renal cell cancer]] | |||
*[[Prostate cancer]] | |||
|- | |||
|style="padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC"| '''Other types ( "Blow out" and "Cookie type")''' | |||
| | |||
*[[Renal cell carcinoma]] | |||
*[[Thyroid cancer]] | |||
*[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]] | |||
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]] | |||
|} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Latest revision as of 02:31, 6 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]
Overview
Bone and cartilage tumors may be classified according to the WHO histological classification system into benign and malignant tumors, and categorized into 5 sub-types: cartilage tumors, osteogenic tumors, fibrohistiocytic tumors, notochordal tumors, hematopoietic tumors, and miscellaneous tumors.[1][2] In addition, bone and cartilage tumors may be sub-classified according to tumor location into 4 subtypes: diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphysis, and ungrouped/others.[3]
Classification
Bone and cartilage tumors may be classified by location, origin, and histopahological origin.
- Tumor location
- Diaphysis
- Epiphysis
- Metaphysis
- Other/Unclassifed
- Tumor nature
- Benign
- Malignant
- Origin
- Primary
- Secondary ( see "Secondary tumors classification" below)
- Histopathological origin
- Cartilage tumors
- Osteogenic tumors
- Fibrohistiocytic tumors
- Notochordal tumors
- Hematopoietic tumors
- Miscellaneous tumors.
- The table below summarizes the classification of bone and cartilage tumors according to histopathological origin, tumor location, and tumor nature.[1][2]
Bone or cartilage mass classification Adapted from ICD-10/WHO (9180–9269)[3] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Osteogenic tumors: bone-forming tumors | Cartilage tumors: cartilage-forming tumors | Fibrogenic or fibrohistiocytic tumors | Cystic tumors | Others ( hematopoietic, notochordal, and neuroectodermal) | |||
Histological Type | |||||||
|
|||||||
Epiphysis | Diaphysis | Metaphysis | |||||
Tumor Location | |||||||
Benign | Malignant | ||||||
Tumor Nature | |||||||
- The table below summarizes the classification of secondary bone tumors (also known as "metastases") according to location, and bone formation pattern.
Secondary bone tumors: classification Adapted from Greenspan A et al. 2006 [4] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Bone formation pattern | Tumor location | ||
Osteolytic | Skull |
| |
Osteoblastic | Vertebral | ||
Mixed |
|
Distal appendicular | |
Other types ( "Blow out" and "Cookie type") |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bone tumors. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_tumor Accessed on February 2, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Alina Maria Sisu. On the Bone Tumours: Overview, Classification, Incidence, Histopathological Issues, Behavior and Review Using Literature Data. http://www.intechopen.com/books/histopathology-reviews-and-recent-advances/on-the-bone-tumours-overview-classification-incidence-histopathological-issues-behavior-and-review Accessed on February 2, 2016
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Miller TT (2008). "Bone tumors and tumorlike conditions: analysis with conventional radiography". Radiology. 246 (3): 662–74. doi:10.1148/radiol.2463061038. PMID 18223119.
- ↑ Greenspan A, Jundt G, Remagen W. Differential diagnosis in orthopaedic oncology. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, c2007. (2006) ISBN:0781779308