Scrotal mass Imaging: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Imaging studies for scrotal mass include [[ultrasound|scrotal ultrasound]], [[MRI]], and [[X ray|chest x-ray]].<ref name="WoodwardSchwab2003">{{cite journal|last1=Woodward|first1=Paula J.|last2=Schwab|first2=Cornelia M.|last3=Sesterhenn|first3=Isabell A.|title=From the Archives of the AFIP|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=23|issue=1|year=2003|pages=215–240|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.231025133}}</ref>


==Imaging==
==Imaging==
===Scrotal Ultrasound===
===Scrotal Ultrasound===
*[[ultrasound|Scrotal ultrasound]] is the imaging modality of choice for scrotal mass.<ref name="WoodwardSchwab2003">{{cite journal|last1=Woodward|first1=Paula J.|last2=Schwab|first2=Cornelia M.|last3=Sesterhenn|first3=Isabell A.|title=From the Archives of the AFIP|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=23|issue=1|year=2003|pages=215–240|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.231025133}}</ref>
*[[ultrasound|Scrotal ultrasound]] is the imaging modality of choice for scrotal mass.<ref name="WoodwardSchwab2003">{{cite journal|last1=Woodward|first1=Paula J.|last2=Schwab|first2=Cornelia M.|last3=Sesterhenn|first3=Isabell A.|title=From the Archives of the AFIP|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=23|issue=1|year=2003|pages=215–240|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.231025133}}</ref>
*The sensitivity of ultrasound in the identification of scrotal masses is very high (100%).
*The sensitivity of ultrasound in the identification of scrotal mass is very high (100%).  
*Scrotal ultrasound can accurately differentiate extratesticular and intratesticular scrotal mass.<ref name=dxscrotalmass1>DIAGNOSTIC TESTS. American Family Physician 2016. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0501/p723.html. Accessed on March 28, 2016</ref>
*On scrotal ultrasound, the epididymis appears isoe- to slightly hyperechoic compared with the testis.<ref name="WoodwardSchwab2003">{{cite journal|last1=Woodward|first1=Paula J.|last2=Schwab|first2=Cornelia M.|last3=Sesterhenn|first3=Isabell A.|title=From the Archives of the AFIP|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=23|issue=1|year=2003|pages=215–240|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.231025133}}</ref>
*On scrotal ultrasound, the epididymis appears isoe- to slightly hyperechoic compared with the testis.<ref name="WoodwardSchwab2003">{{cite journal|last1=Woodward|first1=Paula J.|last2=Schwab|first2=Cornelia M.|last3=Sesterhenn|first3=Isabell A.|title=From the Archives of the AFIP|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=23|issue=1|year=2003|pages=215–240|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.231025133}}</ref>
*The fact to be remembered before performing scrotal ultrasound is to rule out emergency conditions such as [[testicular torsion]], where it would need emergent surgical referral.<ref name=causescrotalmass1>Scrotal mass. American Academy of Family Physicians 2016. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/1115/p1165.html. Accessed on March 18, 2016</ref>
*The fact to be remembered before performing scrotal ultrasound is to rule out emergency conditions such as [[testicular torsion]], where it would need emergent surgical referral.<ref name=causescrotalmass1>Scrotal mass. American Academy of Family Physicians 2016. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/1115/p1165.html. Accessed on March 18, 2016</ref>
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold" align=center |T1
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Both testis and epididymis have intermediate signal intensity compared to muscle
*Both [[testis]] and [[epididymis]] have intermediate signal intensity compared to muscle
*Hydrocele appears hypointense
*[[Hydrocele]] appears hypointense
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" align=center|T2
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" align=center|T2
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Testis is hyperintense compared to muscle
*[[Testis]] is hyperintense compared to muscle
*Tunica albuginea is hypointense
*[[Tunica albuginea]] is hypointense
*[[epididymis|Epididymal head]] is hypointense compared to testis
*[[epididymis|Epididymal head]] is hypointense compared to testis
*Hydrocele appears hyperintense
*[[Hydrocele]] appears hyperintense
|}
|}
===Chest X Ray===
Chest x-ray may be performed to detect metastases of scrotal tumor mass to the lungs.


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 15:30, 27 November 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

Overview

Imaging studies for scrotal mass include scrotal ultrasound, MRI, and chest x-ray.[1]

Imaging

Scrotal Ultrasound

  • Scrotal ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice for scrotal mass.[1]
  • The sensitivity of ultrasound in the identification of scrotal mass is very high (100%).
  • Scrotal ultrasound can accurately differentiate extratesticular and intratesticular scrotal mass.[2]
  • On scrotal ultrasound, the epididymis appears isoe- to slightly hyperechoic compared with the testis.[1]
  • The fact to be remembered before performing scrotal ultrasound is to rule out emergency conditions such as testicular torsion, where it would need emergent surgical referral.[3]

MRI

  • MRI of scrotum is seldom used for the detection of scrotal mass, as ultrasound is inexpensive, highly accurate, and easy to perform.[1]
  • MRI is particularly helpful in differentiating extratesticular solid scrotal masses (lipoma, liposarcoma).
  • Findings on MRI suggestive of scrotal mass are tabulated below:[1]
MRI component Findings
T1
T2

Chest X Ray

Chest x-ray may be performed to detect metastases of scrotal tumor mass to the lungs.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Woodward, Paula J.; Schwab, Cornelia M.; Sesterhenn, Isabell A. (2003). "From the Archives of the AFIP". RadioGraphics. 23 (1): 215–240. doi:10.1148/rg.231025133. ISSN 0271-5333.
  2. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS. American Family Physician 2016. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0501/p723.html. Accessed on March 28, 2016
  3. Scrotal mass. American Academy of Family Physicians 2016. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/1115/p1165.html. Accessed on March 18, 2016

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