Multiple sclerosis historical perspective: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 22:47, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.,

Overview

Multiple sclerosis was first described by a neurologist, Dr. Jean Martin Charcot in 1868 and named sclerose en plaque. The signs and symptoms including dysarthria, ataxia, and tremor were called 'Charcot’s triad'.

Historical Perspective

Discovery

Multiple sclerosis was first described by a neurologist, Dr. Jean martin Charcot in 1868.
Previously, Dr. Robert Hooper (1773-1835), Robert Carswell (1793-1857), and Jean Cruveilhier (1791-1873) had noticed some of the MS clinical manifestations, but for the first time, Dr. Charcot described it as a distinct disease and named sclerose en plaque.
The signs and symptoms including dysarthria, ataxia, and tremor, were called charcot’s triad by Dr. Charcot for the first time.

Famous Cases

One of the first suspected MS patients in history is Saint Lidwina (1380-1433). She had symptoms such as pain, lower extremities weakness, and vision loss.^[1]^[2]
The other MS suspected patient in history is Augustus Frederick d’este (1794-1848). His symptoms began at the age of 28 with vision loss, bladder dysfunction, numbness, weakness of legs and sexual dysfunction.^[3]

References

↑ Charcot, J. Histologie de la sclerose en plaques. Gazette des hopitaux, Paris, 1868; 41: 554–555.
↑ Poser C (1994). "The dissemination of multiple sclerosis: a Viking saga? A historical essay". Ann. Neurol. 36 Suppl 2: S231–43. PMID 7998792.
↑ Firth, D (1948). The Case of August D`Esté. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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[1] Charcot, J. Histologie de la sclerose en plaques. Gazette des hopitaux, Paris, 1868; 41: 554–555.

[2] Poser C (1994). "The dissemination of multiple sclerosis: a Viking saga? A historical essay". Ann. Neurol. 36 Suppl 2: S231–43. PMID 7998792.

[3] Firth, D (1948). The Case of August D`Esté. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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[2]

[3]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Template:Multiple sclerosis}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Fs}},
 ==Overview==
+Multiple sclerosis was first described by a [[neurologist]], Dr. Jean Martin Charcot in 1868 and named sclerose en plaque. The [[signs]] and [[symptoms]] including [[dysarthria]], [[ataxia]], and [[tremor]] were called '[[Charcot's triad|Charcot’s triad]]'.
 ==Historical Perspective==
-The French [[neurologist]] [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] (1825&ndash;93) was the first person to recognize multiple sclerosis as a distinct, separate [[disease]] in 1868. Summarizing previous reports and adding his own important clinical and pathological observations, Charcot called the disease ''sclerose en plaques''. The three signs of MS now known as [[Charcot's triad]] are [[dysarthria]] (problems with speech), [[ataxia]] (problems with coordination), and [[tremor]]. Charcot also observed cognition changes in MS since he described his patients as having a "marked enfeeblement of the memory" and "with conceptions that formed slowly".<ref>Charcot, J. ''Histologie de la sclerose en plaques.'' Gazette des hopitaux, Paris, 1868; 41: 554–555.</ref>
+=== Discovery ===
+* Multiple sclerosis was first described by a [[neurologist]], Dr. Jean martin Charcot in 1868.
-Prior to Charcot, Robert Hooper (1773&ndash;1835), a British pathologist and practicing [[physician]], Robert Carswell (1793&ndash;1857), a British professor of [[pathology]], and [[Jean Cruveilhier]] (1791&ndash;1873), a French professor of pathologic [[anatomy]], had described and illustrated many of the disease's clinical details.
+* Previously, Dr. Robert Hooper (1773-1835), Robert Carswell (1793-1857), and Jean Cruveilhier (1791-1873) had noticed some of the [[MS]] [[History and Physical examination|clinical manifestations]], but for the first time, Dr. Charcot described it as a distinct [[disease]] and named sclerose en plaque.
+* The [[signs]] and [[symptoms]] including [[dysarthria]], [[ataxia]], and [[tremor]], were called [[Charcot's triad|charcot’s triad]] by Dr. Charcot for the first time.
-After this, several people, such as [[Eugène Devic]] (1858–1930), Jozsef Balo (1895–1979), [[Paul Ferdinand Schilder]] (1886–1940), and [[Otto Marburg]] (1874–1948) found special cases of the disease that some authors consider different diseases and now are called the [[borderline forms of multiple sclerosis]].
+== Famous Cases ==
+* One of the first suspected [[MS]] patients in history is Saint Lidwina (1380-1433). She had [[symptoms]] such as [[pain]], [[lower extremities]] [[weakness]], and [[vision loss]].<ref>Charcot, J. ''Histologie de la sclerose en plaques.'' Gazette des hopitaux, Paris, 1868; 41: 554–555.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Poser C |title=The dissemination of multiple sclerosis: a Viking saga? A historical essay |journal=Ann. Neurol. |volume=36 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages=S231-43 |year=1994 |pmid=7998792}}</ref>
-There are several historical accounts of people who probably had MS. Saint Lidwina of Schiedam (1380&ndash;1433), a Dutch nun, may be one of the first identifiable MS patients. From the age of sixteen until her death at age 53, she suffered intermittent pain, weakness of the legs, and vision loss&mdash;symptoms typical of MS. Almost a hundred years before there is a story from Iceland of a young woman called Halla. This girl suddenly lost her vision and capacity to talk; but after praying to the saints recovered them seven days after.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Poser C |title=The dissemination of multiple sclerosis: a Viking saga? A historical essay |journal=Ann. Neurol. |volume=36 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages=S231-43 |year=1994 |pmid=7998792}}</ref>  Augustus Frederick d'Este (1794&ndash;1848), an illegitimate grandson of King George III of Great Britain, almost certainly suffered from MS. D'Este left a detailed diary describing his 22 years living with the disease. He began his diary in 1822 and it had its last entry in 1846 (only to remain unknown until 1948). His symptoms began at age 28 with a sudden transient visual loss after the funeral of a friend. During the course of his disease he developed weakness of the legs, clumsiness of the hands, numbness, dizziness, bladder disturbances, and [[erectile dysfunction]]. In 1844, he began to use a [[wheelchair]]. Despite his illness, he kept an optimistic view of life.<ref>{{cite book |last= Firth|first=D |title= The Case of August D`Esté|year=1948 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge}}</ref> Another early account of MS was kept by the British diarist W. N. P. Barbellion, who maintained a detailed log of his diagnosis and struggle with MS. His diary was published in 1919 as ''The Journal of a Disappointed Man''.
+* The other [[MS]] suspected patient in history is Augustus Frederick d’este (1794-1848). His [[symptoms]] began at the age of 28 with [[vision loss]], [[bladder]] dysfunction, [[numbness]], [[weakness]] of [[Leg|legs]] and [[sexual dysfunction]].<ref>{{cite book |last= Firth|first=D |title= The Case of August D`Esté|year=1948 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge}}</ref>
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}
+{{WH}}
+{{WS}}
-[[Category:Primary care]]
 [[Category:Neurology]]
 [[Category:Orthopedics]]
 [[Category:Rheumatology]]
-{{WH}}
-{{WS}}