Methemoglobinemia risk factors: Difference between revisions
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{{Methemoglobinemia}} | {{Methemoglobinemia}} | ||
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{{ | ==Overview== | ||
Some of the risk factors for the formation of [[methemoglobinemia] include topical use of various anesthetics, drinking contaminated with nitrates water or eating solid food contaminated with nitrates. | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
'''1. Anesthetics''' | |||
Topical [[benzocaine]] and [[lidocaine]] are commonly used in general anesthesia to facilitate the intubation in awake patients and can cause [[methemoglobinemia]].<ref name="pmid9305310">{{cite journal| author=Cooper HA| title=Methemoglobinemia caused by benzocaine topical spray. | journal=South Med J | year= 1997 | volume= 90 | issue= 9 | pages= 946-8 | pmid=9305310 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9305310 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid17694687">{{cite journal| author=Lin SK, Wu JL, Lee YL, Tsao SL| title=Methemoglobinemia induced by exposure to topical benzocaine for an awake nasal intubation--a case report. | journal=Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan | year= 2007 | volume= 45 | issue= 2 | pages= 111-6 | pmid=17694687 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17694687 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid27139292">{{cite journal| author=Lipton M, Szlam SM, Barker K, Benitez JG| title=Methemoglobinemia Secondary to Topical Benzocaine Application to Gastrostomy Site. | journal=Pediatr Emerg Care | year= 2016 | volume= 32 | issue= 5 | pages= 312-4 | pmid=27139292 | doi=10.1097/PEC.0000000000000800 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27139292 }} </ref> | |||
'''2. Contaminated well water''' | |||
In premature infants and infants younger than 4 months, contaminated with nitrates water can induce [[methemoglobinemia]]. Most cases occur due to contaminated well water by nitrates sprayed on different vegetables etc. <ref name="pmid14676514">{{cite journal| author=Brunato F, Garziera MG, Briguglio E| title=A severe methaemoglobinemia induced by nitrates: a case report. | journal=Eur J Emerg Med | year= 2003 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 326-30 | pmid=14676514 | doi=10.1097/01.mej.0000103472.32882.db | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14676514 }} </ref>ref> [www.epa.gov/dwstandardsregulations]</ref> | |||
'''3. Solid foods''' | |||
Solid foods that are not well cooked, like vegetables high in nitrates, can induce [[methemoglobinemia]] in premature infants and infants younger than 4 months. | |||
<ref> [www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm250024.htm]</ref> <ref> [www.fda.gov/forconsumers/consumerupdates/ucm306062.htm]</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:56, 15 August 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aksiniya Stevasarova, M.D.
Overview
Some of the risk factors for the formation of [[methemoglobinemia] include topical use of various anesthetics, drinking contaminated with nitrates water or eating solid food contaminated with nitrates.
Risk Factors
1. Anesthetics
Topical benzocaine and lidocaine are commonly used in general anesthesia to facilitate the intubation in awake patients and can cause methemoglobinemia.[1] [2] [3]
2. Contaminated well water
In premature infants and infants younger than 4 months, contaminated with nitrates water can induce methemoglobinemia. Most cases occur due to contaminated well water by nitrates sprayed on different vegetables etc. [4]ref> [www.epa.gov/dwstandardsregulations]</ref>
3. Solid foods
Solid foods that are not well cooked, like vegetables high in nitrates, can induce methemoglobinemia in premature infants and infants younger than 4 months.
[5] [6]
References
- ↑ Cooper HA (1997). "Methemoglobinemia caused by benzocaine topical spray". South Med J. 90 (9): 946–8. PMID 9305310.
- ↑ Lin SK, Wu JL, Lee YL, Tsao SL (2007). "Methemoglobinemia induced by exposure to topical benzocaine for an awake nasal intubation--a case report". Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 45 (2): 111–6. PMID 17694687.
- ↑ Lipton M, Szlam SM, Barker K, Benitez JG (2016). "Methemoglobinemia Secondary to Topical Benzocaine Application to Gastrostomy Site". Pediatr Emerg Care. 32 (5): 312–4. doi:10.1097/PEC.0000000000000800. PMID 27139292.
- ↑ Brunato F, Garziera MG, Briguglio E (2003). "A severe methaemoglobinemia induced by nitrates: a case report". Eur J Emerg Med. 10 (4): 326–30. doi:10.1097/01.mej.0000103472.32882.db. PMID 14676514.
- ↑ [www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm250024.htm]
- ↑ [www.fda.gov/forconsumers/consumerupdates/ucm306062.htm]