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{{Sideroblastic anemia}}
{{Sideroblastic anemia}}
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{{CMG}}  {{AE}}  {{N.F}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
There are no life-threatening causes of  sideroblastic anemia, however complications resulting from untreated  [[Disease name|sideroblastic anemia]] is common.Common causes of sideroblastic [[anemia]] may include, [[alcoholism]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[isoniazid]], [[copper deficiency]] (nutritional, zinc-induced, copper chelation), vit B-6 deficiency, X-linked sideroblastic anemia. Less common causes of sideroblastic anemia include [[myelodysplastic syndrome]], [[Autosomal recessive disorder|autosomal recessive disorders]], X-linked sideroblastic anemia. defect in [[ALAS2]], autosomal recessive sideroblastic anemia with mutations in the [[SLC25A38]] gene and genetic syndromes.


==Causes==
==Causes==
The common feature of these causes is a failure to completely form [[heme]] - whose biosynthesis takes place partly in the [[mitochondrion]]. This leads to deposits of iron in the [[mitochondria]] that form a ring around the [[Cell nucleus|nucleus]] of the developing [[red blood cell]].  Sometimes the disorder represents a stage in evolution of a generalized bone marrow disorder that may ultimately terminate in acute leukemia. 
===Life-threatening Causes===
*There are no life-threatening causes of  sideroblastic anemia, however complications resulting from untreated [[Disease name|sideroblastic anemia]] are common.
===Common Causes===
Common causes of sideroblastic anemia may include:<ref name="pmid21632840">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cazzola M, Invernizzi R |title=Ring sideroblasts and sideroblastic anemias |journal=Haematologica |volume=96 |issue=6 |pages=789–92 |date=June 2011 |pmid=21632840 |pmc=3105636 |doi=10.3324/haematol.2011.044628 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25064706">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bottomley SS, Fleming MD |title=Sideroblastic anemia: diagnosis and management |journal=Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=653–70, v |date=August 2014 |pmid=25064706 |doi=10.1016/j.hoc.2014.04.008 |url=}}</ref>
*
*[[Alcoholism]]
*[[Chloramphenicol]]
*[[Isoniazid]]
*[[Copper deficiency]] (nutritional, [[zinc]]-induced, copper chelation)
*Vit B-6 deficiency
*X-linked sideroblastic anemia
===Less Common Causes===
Less common causes of sideroblastic anemia include:
*[[Myelodysplastic syndrome]]
*[[Autosomal recessive]]  
===Genetic Causes===
* X-linked sideroblastic anemia. defect in [[ALAS2]].<ref name="pmid29787825">{{cite journal |vauthors=Long Z, Li H, Du Y, Han B |title=Congenital sideroblastic anemia: Advances in gene mutations and pathophysiology |journal=Gene |volume=668 |issue= |pages=182–189 |date=August 2018 |pmid=29787825 |doi=10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.074 |url=}}</ref>
* Autosomal recessive sideroblastic anemia with [[Mutation|mutations]] in the [[SLC25A38]] gene.
* Genetic syndromes
 
===Causes by Organ System===
{| border="1" style="width:80%; height:100px"
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" style="width:25%" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| bgcolor="Beige" style="width:75%" ; border="1" |No underlying causes
|-
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |Lead poisoning, zinc
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Dental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |Chloramphenicol,Isoniazid
cycloserine, linezolid,
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |X-linked sideroblastic anemia.
 
Autosomal recessive sideroblastic .
 
Genetic syndromes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |Myelodysplastic syndrome
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |Vit B-6 deficiency
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Ophthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |Alcohol
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|}
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
*Alcohol
*Vit B-6 def
*Chloromphenicol
*Copper deficiency
*Cause 5
*Cause 6
*Cause 7
*Cause 8
*isoniazid
*Cause 10</div>
* Toxins: [[lead]] or [[zinc]] poisoning
* Toxins: [[lead]] or [[zinc]] poisoning
* Drug-induced: [[Cycloserine]], [[ethanol]], [[isoniazid]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[cycloserine]], [[Penicillamine]]
* Drug-induced: [[Cycloserine]], [[ethanol]], [[isoniazid]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[cycloserine]], [[Penicillamine]]

Latest revision as of 15:44, 7 November 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nazia Fuad M.D.

Overview

There are no life-threatening causes of sideroblastic anemia, however complications resulting from untreated sideroblastic anemia is common.Common causes of sideroblastic anemia may include, alcoholism, chloramphenicol, isoniazid, copper deficiency (nutritional, zinc-induced, copper chelation), vit B-6 deficiency, X-linked sideroblastic anemia. Less common causes of sideroblastic anemia include myelodysplastic syndrome, autosomal recessive disorders, X-linked sideroblastic anemia. defect in ALAS2, autosomal recessive sideroblastic anemia with mutations in the SLC25A38 gene and genetic syndromes.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

  • There are no life-threatening causes of sideroblastic anemia, however complications resulting from untreated sideroblastic anemia are common.

Common Causes

Common causes of sideroblastic anemia may include:[1][2]

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of sideroblastic anemia include:

Genetic Causes

  • X-linked sideroblastic anemia. defect in ALAS2.[3]
  • Autosomal recessive sideroblastic anemia with mutations in the SLC25A38 gene.
  • Genetic syndromes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning Lead poisoning, zinc
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Chloramphenicol,Isoniazid

cycloserine, linezolid,

Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic X-linked sideroblastic anemia.

Autosomal recessive sideroblastic .

Genetic syndromes

Hematologic Myelodysplastic syndrome
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic Vit B-6 deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity Alcohol
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:

  • Alcohol
  • Vit B-6 def
  • Chloromphenicol
  • Copper deficiency
  • Cause 5
  • Cause 6
  • Cause 7
  • Cause 8
  • isoniazid
  • Cause 10
  • Toxins: lead or zinc poisoning
  • Drug-induced: Cycloserine, ethanol, isoniazid, chloramphenicol, cycloserine, Penicillamine
  • Nutritional: pyridoxine or copper deficiency
  • Genetic: ALA synthase deficiency (X-linked)

    • References

    1. ↑ Cazzola M, Invernizzi R (June 2011). "Ring sideroblasts and sideroblastic anemias". Haematologica. 96 (6): 789–92. doi:10.3324/haematol.2011.044628. PMC 3105636. PMID 21632840.
    2. ↑ Bottomley SS, Fleming MD (August 2014). "Sideroblastic anemia: diagnosis and management". Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 28 (4): 653–70, v. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2014.04.008. PMID 25064706.
    3. ↑ Long Z, Li H, Du Y, Han B (August 2018). "Congenital sideroblastic anemia: Advances in gene mutations and pathophysiology". Gene. 668: 182–189. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.074. PMID 29787825.

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