Differentiating Polyarteritis nodosa from other diseases: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 21:23, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Overview

Polyarteritis nodosa must be differentiated from other diseases that cause may lead to medium vessel vasculitis. The diseases that can lead to medium vessel vasculitis are polyarteritis nodosa, kawasaki disease, infections, cardiovascular diseases and systemic diseases.

Differentiating Polyarteritis Nodosa from other Diseases

The following table differentiates polyarteritis nodosa from other diseases that may lead to medium vessel vasculitis.

Abbreviations: ABG= Arterial blood gas, ANA= Antinuclear antibody, ANP= Atrial natriuretic peptide, ASO= Antistreptolysin O antibody, BNP= Brain natriuretic peptide, CBC= Complete blood count, COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP= C-reactive protein, CT= Computed tomography, CXR= Chest X-ray, DVT= Deep vein thrombosis, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HRCT= High Resolution CT, IgE= Immunoglobulin E, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, PCWP= Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PCR= Polymerase chain reaction, PFT= Pulmonary function test.

		Symptoms					Physical examination			Lab Findings				Imaging				Histopathology
Diseases		Clinical manifestations								Para-clinical findings									Gold standard	Additional findings
		Symptoms					Physical examination			Para-clinical findings
		Headache	Fever	Weight loss	Arthralgia	Claudication	Bruit	HTN	Focal neurological disorder	Biomarker	CBC	ESR	Other	CT scan	Angiography	Ultrasound/ Echocardiography	Other	Histopathology
Polyarteritis nodosa^[1]		+	+	+	+	+	+	+/-	+/-	LAMP-2 protein autoantibodies	Leukocytosis, Normochromic anemia, Thrombocytosis	↑	↑ Cr or BUN, ↑ ALT or AST, Proteinuria	Focal regions of infarction or hemorrhage	Multiple microaneurysms, Hemorrhage due to focal rupture, Occlusion	Aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistula in color Doppler sonography	-	Necrotizing inflammatory lesions	Angiography	Sudden weight loss, Abdominal pain
Hepatitis B virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa^[2]		+/-	+/-	+	+	+/-	+/-	+	-	HBsAg	Leukocytosis, Normochromic anemia, Thrombocytosis	↑	↑ ALT or AST	Focal regions of infarction or hemorrhage	Microaneurysms in mesenteric artery	Aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistula in color Doppler sonography	-	Necrotizing inflammatory lesions	Angiography	Peripheral neuropathy, Livedo reticularis
Kawasaki disease^[3]		-	+	+/-	+	+	-	+/-	-	NT-proBNP, Meprin A, Filamin C	Normochromic anemia, ↑WBC with a left shift, Thrombocytosis	↑	Acute-phase reactants, ↓Cholesterol, ↓HDL, ↓ApolipoA	Coronary artery calcifications	Coronary artery aneurysms, stenosis or occlusion	Coronary artery anomaly in echocardiography	Electron beam CT (EBCT)	Acute destruction of the media by neutrophils, with loss of elastic fibers	History and physical examination	Diarrhea, Vomiting
Infectious disease	Parvovirus B19 infection^[4]	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+/-	B19 DNA, ↓Reticulocyte count	Anemia	↑	anti–parvovirus B19 IgM	-	-	Hydrops in fetal ultrasonography	-	-	B19 DNA	Purpuric rash, Erythema multiforme
	Scarlet fever^[5]	+	+	+/-	+	-	-	-	-	Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titers	Leukocytosis	↑	↑CRP	Thickened pulmonary markings if pneumonia	-	-	-	Sparse neutrophilic perivascular infiltrate	History and physical examination	Sand-paper rashes, Sore throat
	Toxic shock syndrome^[6]	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	+/-	Procalcitonin	Leukocytosis with left shift	↑	Myoglobinuria, Sterile pyuria	Acute respiratory distress syndrome	-	-	-	Necrolysis of keratinocytes in epidermis, Perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate	Clinical criteria	Peeling or rashes, Organ dysfunction
	Mononucleosis^[7]	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	EBV DNA	Atypical lymphocyte	↑	Heterophile antibodies	CNS involvement	-	Splenomegaly	Encephalitis in MRI	Lymphoproliferative response in oropharynx, Lymphocytic infiltration in spleen	Heterophile antibody test	Splenomegaly, Palatal petechiae
	Leptospirosis^[8]	+	+	+	+	+/-	-	-	-	IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10	Anemia	-	↑Cr or BUN, ↑ALT or AST, Proteinuria	Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage	-	-	-	Toxin-mediated break down of endothelial cell membranes of capillaries	Culture and the microscopic agglutination test	Red eyes, Skin rash
	Lyme Disease^[9]	+/-	+	+/-	+	+/-	-	-	-	CXCL9 (MIG), CXCL10 (IP-10) and CCL19 (MIP3B)	Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia	-	Microscopic hematuria, Proteinuria, ↑ALT or AST	Punctate lesions in periventricular white matter in brain SPECT	-	-	-	Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans	Serologic tests	Erythema migrans
	Measles^[10]	+/-	+	+/-	+	-	-	-	-	Measles IgM	Leukopenia, Lymphocytosis, Thrombocytopenia	-	↑ALT or AST	Pneumonia	-	-	CXR	Spongiosis and vesiculation in the epidermis with scattered dyskeratotic keratinocytes	PCR	Generalized rash, Cough, Coryza, or Conjunctivitis
	Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever^[11]	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	R rickettsii serology	Thrombocytopenia, Anemia	-	↑ALT or AST, Hyponatremia	Infarction, edema, and meningeal enhancement	-	Myocardial or conduction abnormalities in echocardiography	-	Immunofluorescent or immunoperoxidase staining of R rickettsii	Clinical criteria and tick exposure	Rash on the palms and soles
	Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome^[12]	+	+	+	+	-	-	+/-	+/-	Anti exfoliatin and anti alpha-toxin antibodies	Leukocytosis with left shift	↑	Blood culture	Pneumonia	-	-	-	Intraepidermal blister, dense superficial perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate	Blood culture and clinical findings	Widespread skin erythema, fluid-filled blisters
	Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis^[13]	-	+	+	-	-	-	-	+/-	MicroRNA-124	Normochromic normocytic anemia, Eosinophilia	↑	Fluid loss and electrolyte abnormalities	Tracheobronchial inflammation	-	-	-	Necrotic keratinocytes with full-thickness epithelial necrosis	Histopathology and clinical findings	Erythematous macular rash with purpuric centers
Cardiovascular disease	Atrial Myxoma^[14]	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	+/-	Calretinin	Mild anemia, Leukocytosis	↑	↑IL-6	Atrial filling defect larger than a thrombus	-	Tumor location, size, attachment, and mobility in echocardiography	Size, shape, and surface characteristics in MRI	Lipidic cells embedded in a vascular myxoid stroma	Echocardiography	Dyspnea on exertion, Syncope
	Cholesterol Embolism^[15]	+/-	+/-	-	-	+	-	-	+	IL-5	Eosinophilia, Leukocytosis	↑	Eosinophiluria	Thoracic and abdominal aortic sources of embolism	Atheroembolism in abdominal aorta and the lower extremity arteries	Excluding an intracardiac source of embolism with echocardiography	-	Birefringent crystals or biconvex needle-shaped ghostly clefts within the arterial lumen	Angiography	Livedo reticularis, Ischemic patches
	Segmental arterial mediolysis^[16]	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	+/-	-	Leukocytosis	-	-	Visceral artery aneurysm in CT angiography	Alternating aneurysms and stenoses (beading)	Retroperitoneal hematoma	-	Disruption of the smooth muscle in the media	Angiography	Hematuria, Ischemic colitis
Systemic disease	Antiphospholipid Syndrome^[17]	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	+/-	Antiphospholipid antibodies	Thrombocytopenia, Hemolytic anemia	-	Lupus anticoagulant (LA)	Stroke, Pulmonary embolism, Budd-Chiari syndrome	Thrombus in major vessels	Valve thickening, vegetations, or insufficiency in echocardiography	-	Noninflammatory bland thrombosis without perivascular inflammation	Hx of thrombosis and antiphospholipid antibodies	Miscarriage, Pulmonary hypertension
Systemic disease	Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis^[18]	-	-	-	+	+/-	-	-	-	Rheumatoid factor (RF), S100A12	Lymphocytosis, Thrombocytopenia	↑	Myeloid-related proteins 8/14 (MRP8/14)	Synovial hypertrophy, Joint effusions	Cerebral vasculitis	Inflamed synovium	Bone scanning	Vascular congestion, RBC extravasation, Venular lumen occlusion	Conventional radiography	Evanescent rash, Dactylitis

References

↑ Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S (2014). "Polyarteritis nodosa". Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 17 (4): 247–51. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005. PMC 4363102. PMID 25770638.
↑ Sharma A, Sharma K (September 2013). "Hepatotropic viral infection associated systemic vasculitides-hepatitis B virus associated polyarteritis nodosa and hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis". J Clin Exp Hepatol. 3 (3): 204–12. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2013.06.001. PMC 4216827. PMID 25755502.
↑ Takahashi K, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y (2011). "Pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease". Clin Exp Immunol. 164 Suppl 1: 20–2. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04361.x. PMC 3095860. PMID 21447126.
↑ Heegaard ED, Brown KE (2002). "Human parvovirus B19". Clin Microbiol Rev. 15 (3): 485–505. PMC 118081. PMID 12097253.
↑ Basetti S, Hodgson J, Rawson TM, Majeed A (2017). "Scarlet fever: a guide for general practitioners". London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 9 (5): 77–79. doi:10.1080/17571472.2017.1365677. PMC 5649319. PMID 29081840.
↑ Vostral SL (2011). "Rely and Toxic Shock Syndrome: a technological health crisis". Yale J Biol Med. 84 (4): 447–59. PMC 3238331. PMID 22180682.
↑ Balfour HH, Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA (2015). "Infectious mononucleosis". Clin Transl Immunology. 4 (2): e33. doi:10.1038/cti.2015.1. PMC 4346501. PMID 25774295.
↑ Levett PN (April 2001). "Leptospirosis". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 14 (2): 296–326. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001. PMC 88975. PMID 11292640.
↑ Biesiada G, Czepiel J, Leśniak MR, Garlicki A, Mach T (2012). "Lyme disease: review". Arch Med Sci. 8 (6): 978–82. doi:10.5114/aoms.2012.30948. PMC 3542482. PMID 23319969.
↑ White SJ, Boldt KL, Holditch SJ, Poland GA, Jacobson RM (2012). "Measles, mumps, and rubella". Clin Obstet Gynecol. 55 (2): 550–9. doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31824df256. PMC 3334858. PMID 22510638.
↑ Walker DH (1989). "Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a disease in need of microbiological concern". Clin Microbiol Rev. 2 (3): 227–40. PMC 358117. PMID 2504480.
↑ Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A (2016). "A Systemic Review on Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and Critical Disease of Neonates". Open Microbiol J. 10: 150–9. doi:10.2174/1874285801610010150. PMC 5012080. PMID 27651848.
↑ Hoetzenecker W, Mehra T, Saulite I, Glatz M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Guenova E; et al. (2016). "Toxic epidermal necrolysis". F1000Res. 5. doi:10.12688/f1000research.7574.1. PMC 4879934. PMID 27239294.
↑ MacGowan SW, Sidhu P, Aherne T, Luke D, Wood AE, Neligan MC, McGovern E (June 1993). "Atrial myxoma: national incidence, diagnosis and surgical management". Ir J Med Sci. 162 (6): 223–6. PMID 8407260.
↑ Avci G, Akoz T, Gul AE (2009). "Cutaneous cholesterol embolization". J Dermatol Case Rep. 3 (2): 27–9. doi:10.3315/jdcr.2009.1031. PMC 3157794. PMID 21886725.
↑ Chao, Christine (2009). "Segmental Arterial Mediolysis". Seminars in Interventional Radiology. 26 (03): 224–232. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1225666. ISSN 0739-9529.
↑ Chaturvedi S, McCrae KR (2015). "The antiphospholipid syndrome: still an enigma". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2015: 53–60. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.53. PMC 4877624. PMID 26637701.
↑ Espinosa M, Gottlieb BS (July 2012). "Juvenile idiopathic arthritis". Pediatr Rev. 33 (7): 303–13. doi:10.1542/pir.33-7-303. PMID 22753788.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid25770638-1] Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S (2014). "Polyarteritis nodosa". Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 17 (4): 247–51. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005. PMC 4363102. PMID 25770638.

[pmid25755502-2] Sharma A, Sharma K (September 2013). "Hepatotropic viral infection associated systemic vasculitides-hepatitis B virus associated polyarteritis nodosa and hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis". J Clin Exp Hepatol. 3 (3): 204–12. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2013.06.001. PMC 4216827. PMID 25755502.

[pmid21447126-3] Takahashi K, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y (2011). "Pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease". Clin Exp Immunol. 164 Suppl 1: 20–2. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04361.x. PMC 3095860. PMID 21447126.

[pmid12097253-4] Heegaard ED, Brown KE (2002). "Human parvovirus B19". Clin Microbiol Rev. 15 (3): 485–505. PMC 118081. PMID 12097253.

[pmid29081840-5] Basetti S, Hodgson J, Rawson TM, Majeed A (2017). "Scarlet fever: a guide for general practitioners". London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 9 (5): 77–79. doi:10.1080/17571472.2017.1365677. PMC 5649319. PMID 29081840.

[pmid22180682-6] Vostral SL (2011). "Rely and Toxic Shock Syndrome: a technological health crisis". Yale J Biol Med. 84 (4): 447–59. PMC 3238331. PMID 22180682.

[pmid25774295-7] Balfour HH, Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA (2015). "Infectious mononucleosis". Clin Transl Immunology. 4 (2): e33. doi:10.1038/cti.2015.1. PMC 4346501. PMID 25774295.

[pmid11292640-8] Levett PN (April 2001). "Leptospirosis". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 14 (2): 296–326. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001. PMC 88975. PMID 11292640.

[pmid23319969-9] Biesiada G, Czepiel J, Leśniak MR, Garlicki A, Mach T (2012). "Lyme disease: review". Arch Med Sci. 8 (6): 978–82. doi:10.5114/aoms.2012.30948. PMC 3542482. PMID 23319969.

[pmid22510638-10] White SJ, Boldt KL, Holditch SJ, Poland GA, Jacobson RM (2012). "Measles, mumps, and rubella". Clin Obstet Gynecol. 55 (2): 550–9. doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31824df256. PMC 3334858. PMID 22510638.

[pmid2504480-11] Walker DH (1989). "Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a disease in need of microbiological concern". Clin Microbiol Rev. 2 (3): 227–40. PMC 358117. PMID 2504480.

[pmid27651848-12] Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A (2016). "A Systemic Review on Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and Critical Disease of Neonates". Open Microbiol J. 10: 150–9. doi:10.2174/1874285801610010150. PMC 5012080. PMID 27651848.

[pmid27239294-13] Hoetzenecker W, Mehra T, Saulite I, Glatz M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Guenova E; et al. (2016). "Toxic epidermal necrolysis". F1000Res. 5. doi:10.12688/f1000research.7574.1. PMC 4879934. PMID 27239294.

[pmid8407260-14] MacGowan SW, Sidhu P, Aherne T, Luke D, Wood AE, Neligan MC, McGovern E (June 1993). "Atrial myxoma: national incidence, diagnosis and surgical management". Ir J Med Sci. 162 (6): 223–6. PMID 8407260.

[pmid21886725-15] Avci G, Akoz T, Gul AE (2009). "Cutaneous cholesterol embolization". J Dermatol Case Rep. 3 (2): 27–9. doi:10.3315/jdcr.2009.1031. PMC 3157794. PMID 21886725.

[Chao2009-16] Chao, Christine (2009). "Segmental Arterial Mediolysis". Seminars in Interventional Radiology. 26 (03): 224–232. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1225666. ISSN 0739-9529.

[pmid26637701-17] Chaturvedi S, McCrae KR (2015). "The antiphospholipid syndrome: still an enigma". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2015: 53–60. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.53. PMC 4877624. PMID 26637701.

[pmid22753788-18] Espinosa M, Gottlieb BS (July 2012). "Juvenile idiopathic arthritis". Pediatr Rev. 33 (7): 303–13. doi:10.1542/pir.33-7-303. PMID 22753788.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Polyarteritis nodosa}}
-{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}; [[User:Haritha|Haritha Machavarapu, M.B.B.S.]]
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{EG}}
 ==Overview==
+Polyarteritis nodosa must be differentiated from other diseases that cause may lead to medium vessel [[vasculitis]]. The diseases that can lead to medium vessel [[vasculitis]] are polyarteritis nodosa, [[kawasaki disease]], infections, cardiovascular diseases and systemic diseases.
 ==Differentiating Polyarteritis Nodosa from other Diseases==
-*[[Microscopic polyangitis]] has clinical manifestations similar to [[PAN]], but is characterized by presence of [[rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis]] and lung involvement unlike PAN.<ref name="pmid9643314">{{cite journal |author=Lhote F, Cohen P, Guillevin L |title=Polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome |journal=Lupus |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=238–58 |year=1998 |pmid=9643314 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+* The following table differentiates polyarteritis nodosa from other diseases that may lead to medium vessel vasculitis.
-*[[Churg Strauss disease]] is characterized by hypereosinophilia and vasculitis like [[PAN]] in individuals with asthma and allergic nephritis.
+<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:'''
-*[[Henoch Schonlein purpura]]
+ABG= [[Arterial blood gas]], ANA= [[Antinuclear antibody]], ANP= [[Atrial natriuretic peptide]], ASO= [[Antistreptolysin O|Antistreptolysin O antibody]], BNP= [[Brain natriuretic peptide]], CBC= [[Complete blood count]], COPD= [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], CRP= [[C-reactive protein]], CT= [[Computed tomography]], CXR= [[Chest X-ray]], DVT= [[Deep vein thrombosis]], ESR= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], HRCT= [[High Resolution CT]], IgE= [[Immunoglobulin E]], LDH= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], PCWP= [[Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure]], PCR= [[Polymerase chain reaction]], PFT= [[Pulmonary function test]].</span>
-*Vasculitis secondary to connective tissue disorder
+<small>
-*[[Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis]]
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-*[[Wegner's Granulomatosis]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diseases
-*[[Giantcell arteritis]]
+| colspan="8" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
-*[[Infective endocarditis]]
+! colspan="9" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Para-clinical findings
-*[[Mycotic aneurysm]]
+| colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Gold standard'''
-*[[Atherosclerosis]]
+! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Additional findings
+|-
+| colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Symptoms'''
+! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Physical examination
+|-
+! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Lab Findings
+! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Histopathology
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Headache
+! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Fever
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Arthralgia
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Claudication
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bruit
+! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |HTN
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Focal neurological disorder
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Biomarker
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |ESR
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CT scan
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Angiography
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ultrasound/ Echocardiography
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<ref name="pmid25770638">{{cite journal| author=Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S| title=Polyarteritis nodosa. | journal=Tech Vasc Interv Radiol | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 4 | pages= 247-51 | pmid=25770638 | doi=10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005 | pmc=4363102 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25770638  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[LAMP2|LAMP-2 protein autoantibodies]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Normochromic anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ [[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]],
+↑ [[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Proteinuria]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Focal regions of [[infarction]] or [[hemorrhage]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Multiple [[Aneurysm|microaneurysms]],  [[Hemorrhage]] due to focal [[rupture]], [[Occlusion]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aneurysms]] and [[renal]] [[arteriovenous fistula]] in [[Doppler sonography|color Doppler sonography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotizing]] [[inflammatory]] lesions
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sudden [[weight loss]], [[Abdominal pain]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hepatitis B virus]]-associated [[polyarteritis nodosa]]<ref name="pmid25755502">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sharma A, Sharma K |title=Hepatotropic viral infection associated systemic vasculitides-hepatitis B virus associated polyarteritis nodosa and hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis |journal=J Clin Exp Hepatol |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=204–12 |date=September 2013 |pmid=25755502 |pmc=4216827 |doi=10.1016/j.jceh.2013.06.001 |url=}}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hepatitis B surface antigen|HBsAg]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Normochromic anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ [[ALT]] or [[AST]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Focal regions of [[infarction]] or [[hemorrhage]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aneurysms|Microaneurysms]] in [[mesenteric artery]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aneurysms]] and [[renal]] [[arteriovenous fistula]] in [[Doppler sonography|color Doppler sonography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotizing]] [[inflammatory]] lesions
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Peripheral neuropathy]], [[Livedo reticularis]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Kawasaki disease]]<ref name="pmid21447126">{{cite journal| author=Takahashi K, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y| title=Pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease. | journal=Clin Exp Immunol | year= 2011 | volume= 164 Suppl 1 | issue=  | pages= 20-2 | pmid=21447126 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04361.x | pmc=3095860 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21447126  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[NT-proBNP]], [[Meprin A]], [[Filamin A interacting protein 1 like|Filamin C]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Normochromic anemia]], ↑[[WBC]] with a [[left shift]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acute phase reactant|Acute-phase reactants]], ↓[[Cholesterol]], ↓[[HDL]], ↓[[Apolipoprotein A1|ApolipoA]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Coronary artery]] [[Calcification|calcifications]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Coronary artery aneurysm|Coronary artery aneurysms]], [[Coronary artery stenosis|stenosis]] or [[Coronary artery anomaly|occlusion]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Coronary artery anomaly]] in [[echocardiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Electron beam tomography|Electron beam CT (EBCT)]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Acute destruction of the [[Tunica media|media]] by [[neutrophils]], with loss of [[elastic fibers]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |History and [[physical examination]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Diarrhea]], [[Vomiting]]
+|-
+! rowspan="10" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infectious disease]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19 infection]]<ref name="pmid12097253">{{cite journal| author=Heegaard ED, Brown KE| title=Human parvovirus B19. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2002 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 485-505 | pmid=12097253 | doi= | pmc=118081 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12097253  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19|B19]] [[DNA]], ↓[[Reticulocyte count]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |anti–[[parvovirus B19]] [[IgM]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hydrops]] in fetal [[ultrasonography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19|B19]] [[DNA]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Purpura|Purpuric rash]], [[Erythema multiforme]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Scarlet fever]]<ref name="pmid29081840">{{cite journal| author=Basetti S, Hodgson J, Rawson TM, Majeed A| title=Scarlet fever: a guide for general practitioners. | journal=London J Prim Care (Abingdon) | year= 2017 | volume= 9 | issue= 5 | pages= 77-79 | pmid=29081840 | doi=10.1080/17571472.2017.1365677 | pmc=5649319 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29081840  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Antistreptococcal antibodies|Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titers]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[CRP]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Thickened [[pulmonary]] markings if [[pneumonia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sparse [[Neutropenia|neutrophilic]] [[Perivascular cell|perivascular infiltrate]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |History and [[physical examination]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sand-paper rashes, [[Sore throat]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic shock syndrome]]<ref name="pmid22180682">{{cite journal| author=Vostral SL| title=Rely and Toxic Shock Syndrome: a technological health crisis. | journal=Yale J Biol Med | year= 2011 | volume= 84 | issue= 4 | pages= 447-59 | pmid=22180682 | doi= | pmc=3238331 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22180682  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Procalcitonin]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[left shift]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Myoglobinuria]], [[Pyuria|Sterile pyuria]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrosis|Necrolysis]] of [[keratinocytes]] in [[epidermis]],  Perivascular [[lymphocytic]] infiltrate
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Clinical criteria
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Peeling or [[rashes]], Organ dysfunction
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mononucleosis]]<ref name="pmid25774295">{{cite journal| author=Balfour HH, Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA| title=Infectious mononucleosis. | journal=Clin Transl Immunology | year= 2015 | volume= 4 | issue= 2 | pages= e33 | pmid=25774295 | doi=10.1038/cti.2015.1 | pmc=4346501 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25774295  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] [[DNA]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atypical lymphocyte]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Heterophile antibody test|Heterophile antibodies]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[CNS Disease|CNS involvement]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Splenomegaly]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Encephalitis]] in [[MRI]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lymphoproliferative response]] in [[oropharynx]], [[Lymphocytic|Lymphocytic infiltration]] in [[spleen]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Heterophile antibody test]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Splenomegaly]], [[Palatal]] [[petechiae]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Leptospirosis]]<ref name="pmid11292640">{{cite journal |vauthors=Levett PN |title=Leptospirosis |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=296–326 |date=April 2001 |pmid=11292640 |pmc=88975 |doi=10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001 |url=}}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Interleukin 6|IL-6]], [[IL-8]] and [[IL-10]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]],
+↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Proteinuria]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Diffuse [[alveolar]] [[hemorrhage]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Toxin]]-mediated break down of [[endothelial cell]] membranes of [[capillaries]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Culture and the [[Agglutination|microscopic agglutination test]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Red eyes]], [[Skin rash]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lyme disease|Lyme Disease]]<ref name="pmid23319969">{{cite journal| author=Biesiada G, Czepiel J, Leśniak MR, Garlicki A, Mach T| title=Lyme disease: review. | journal=Arch Med Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 6 | pages= 978-82 | pmid=23319969 | doi=10.5114/aoms.2012.30948 | pmc=3542482 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23319969  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[CXCL9|CXCL9 (MIG)]], [[CXCL10|CXCL10 (IP-10)]] and [[CCL19|CCL19 (MIP3B)]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Microscopic hematuria]], [[Proteinuria]], ↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Punctate lesions in periventricular [[white matter]] in [[brain]] [[SPECT]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Serological testing|Serologic '''tests''']]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythema migrans]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Measles]]<ref name="pmid22510638">{{cite journal| author=White SJ, Boldt KL, Holditch SJ, Poland GA, Jacobson RM| title=Measles, mumps, and rubella. | journal=Clin Obstet Gynecol | year= 2012 | volume= 55 | issue= 2 | pages= 550-9 | pmid=22510638 | doi=10.1097/GRF.0b013e31824df256 | pmc=3334858 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22510638  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Measles]] [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Lymphocytosis]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Chest X-ray|CXR]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Spongiosis and vesiculation in the [[epidermis]] with scattered dyskeratotic [[keratinocytes]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[PCR]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rash|Generalized rash]], [[Cough]], [[Coryza]], or [[Conjunctivitis]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever]]<ref name="pmid2504480">{{cite journal| author=Walker DH| title=Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a disease in need of microbiological concern. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 1989 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 227-40 | pmid=2504480 | doi= | pmc=358117 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2504480  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |''[[Rickettsia rickettsii infection|R rickettsii]]'' [[serology]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Anemia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Hyponatremia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Infarction]], [[edema]], and [[meningeal]] enhancement
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Myocardial]] or conduction abnormalities in [[echocardiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Immunofluorescent]] or [[immunoperoxidase]] staining of ''[[Rickettsia rickettsii infection|R rickettsii]]''
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Clinical criteria and [[tick]] exposure
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Rash on the [[Palms of the hands|palms]] and [[soles]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome|Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome]]<ref name="pmid27651848">{{cite journal| author=Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A| title=A Systemic Review on Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and Critical Disease of Neonates. | journal=Open Microbiol J | year= 2016 | volume= 10 | issue=  | pages= 150-9 | pmid=27651848 | doi=10.2174/1874285801610010150 | pmc=5012080 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27651848  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Anti exfoliatin and [[Alpha toxin|anti alpha-toxin antibodies]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[left shift]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Blood culture]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epidermal bullosa simplex|Intraepidermal blister]], dense superficial perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Blood culture]] and clinical findings
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythroderma|'''Widespread''' skin erythema]], [[Blisters|fluid-filled '''blisters''']]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis]]<ref name="pmid27239294">{{cite journal| author=Hoetzenecker W, Mehra T, Saulite I, Glatz M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Guenova E et al.| title=Toxic epidermal necrolysis. | journal=F1000Res | year= 2016 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=27239294 | doi=10.12688/f1000research.7574.1 | pmc=4879934 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27239294  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[MicroRNA|MicroRNA-124]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia|Normochromic normocytic anemia]], [[Eosinophilia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Fluid loss]] and [[electrolyte abnormalities]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Tracheobronchial]] [[inflammation]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotic]] [[keratinocytes]] with full-thickness [[epithelial]] [[necrosis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Histopathology]] and clinical findings
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythematous rash|Erythematous macular rash]] with [[purpuric]] centers
+|-
+! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cardiovascular disease]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Atrial Myxoma]]<ref name="pmid8407260">{{cite journal |vauthors=MacGowan SW, Sidhu P, Aherne T, Luke D, Wood AE, Neligan MC, McGovern E |title=Atrial myxoma: national incidence, diagnosis and surgical management |journal=Ir J Med Sci |volume=162 |issue=6 |pages=223–6 |date=June 1993 |pmid=8407260 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Calretinin]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Mild [[anemia]], [[Leukocytosis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[Interleukin 6|IL-6]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atrial]] filling defect larger than a [[thrombus]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Tumor]] location, size, attachment, and mobility in [[echocardiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Size, shape, and surface characteristics in [[MRI]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lipid|Lipidic]] cells embedded in a [[vascular]] myxoid stroma
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Echocardiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Dyspnea on exertion]], [[Syncope]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cholesterol Embolism]]<ref name="pmid21886725">{{cite journal| author=Avci G, Akoz T, Gul AE| title=Cutaneous cholesterol embolization. | journal=J Dermatol Case Rep | year= 2009 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 27-9 | pmid=21886725 | doi=10.3315/jdcr.2009.1031 | pmc=3157794 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21886725  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Interleukin 5|IL-5]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Eosinophilia]], [[Leukocytosis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Eosinophiluria]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thoracic aorta|Thoracic]] and [[Abdominal aorta|abdominal aortic]] sources of [[embolism]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atheroembolism]] in [[abdominal aorta]] and the [[lower extremity]] [[arteries]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Excluding an [[intracardiac]] source of [[embolism]] with [[echocardiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Birefringent]] crystals or biconvex needle-shaped ghostly clefts within the [[arterial]] [[lumen]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Livedo reticularis]],
+[[Ischemic|Ischemic patches]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Segmental arteries|Segmental arterial]] mediolysis<ref name="Chao2009">{{cite journal|last1=Chao|first1=Christine|title=Segmental Arterial Mediolysis|journal=Seminars in Interventional Radiology|volume=26|issue=03|year=2009|pages=224–232|issn=0739-9529|doi=10.1055/s-0029-1225666}}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Visceral]] artery [[aneurysm]] in [[CT angiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Alternating [[aneurysms]] and [[stenoses]] (beading)
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Retroperitoneal hematoma]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Disruption of the [[smooth muscle]] in the [[Tunica media|media]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hematuria]], [[Ischemic colitis]]
+|-
+! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Systemic disease]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Antiphospholipid syndrome|Antiphospholipid Syndrome]]<ref name="pmid26637701">{{cite journal| author=Chaturvedi S, McCrae KR| title=The antiphospholipid syndrome: still an enigma. | journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages= 53-60 | pmid=26637701 | doi=10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.53 | pmc=4877624 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26637701  }}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Antiphospholipid antibodies]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Hemolytic anemia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lupus anticoagulant|Lupus anticoagulant (LA)]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Stroke]],
+[[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombus]] in major [[vessels]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Valve thickening, vegetations, or  insufficiency in [[echocardiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Noninflammatory bland [[thrombosis]] without perivascular [[inflammation]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Hx of [[thrombosis]] and [[antiphospholipid antibodies]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Miscarriage]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis]]<ref name="pmid22753788">{{cite journal |vauthors=Espinosa M, Gottlieb BS |title=Juvenile idiopathic arthritis |journal=Pediatr Rev |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=303–13 |date=July 2012 |pmid=22753788 |doi=10.1542/pir.33-7-303 |url=}}</ref>
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rheumatoid factor|Rheumatoid factor (RF)]], [[S100A12]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lymphocytosis]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Myeloid-related proteins 8/14 (MRP8/14)
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Synovial]] [[hypertrophy]], Joint effusions
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Cerebral vasculitis]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Inflamed [[synovium]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Bone scan|Bone scanning]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Vascular congestion]], [[Extravasation|RBC extravasation]], Venular lumen occlusion
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Conventional [[radiography]]
+! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rash|Evanescent rash]], [[Dactylitis]]
+|-
+|}
+</small>
 ==References==
-{{reflist|2}}
+{{Reflist|2}}
-[[Category:Needs content]]
-[[Category:Diseases involving the fasciae]]
-[[Category:Rheumatology]]
-[[Category:Disease]]
 {{WH}}
 {{WS}}
+[[Category:Medicine]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Rheumatology]]

Differentiating Polyarteritis nodosa from other diseases: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 21:23, 29 July 2020

Overview

Differentiating Polyarteritis Nodosa from other Diseases

References

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