Necrotizing fasciitis: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 06:34, 28 July 2020

For patient information on this page, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S [2], Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords:NF; Phagadena; Phagadena gangrenosum; Meleney’s gangrene; Hemolytic streptococcal gangrene; Flesh eating bacteria; Hospital gangrene; Acute dermal gangrene; Suppurative fasciitis; Synergistic necrotizing cellulitis; Gangrenous ulcer; Malignant ulcer; Putrid ulcer; Necrotizing erysipelas; Nonclostridial gas gangrene; Bacterial synergistic gangrene

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Necrotizing fasciitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case#1

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 '''For patient information on this page, click [[Necrotizing fasciitis (patient information)|here]]'''
-{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{YK}} {{CZ}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{YK}}, {{CZ}}
-{{SK}}Phagadena; Phagadena gangrenosum; Meleney’s gangrene; Hemolytic streptococcal gangrene; Flesh eating bacteria; Hospital gangrene; Acute dermal gangrene; Suppurative fasciitis; Synergistic necrotizing cellulitis; Gangrenous ulcer; Malignant ulcer; Putrid ulcer
+{{SK}}NF; Phagadena; Phagadena gangrenosum; Meleney’s gangrene; Hemolytic streptococcal gangrene; Flesh eating bacteria; Hospital gangrene; Acute dermal gangrene; Suppurative fasciitis; Synergistic necrotizing cellulitis; Gangrenous ulcer; Malignant ulcer; Putrid ulcer; Necrotizing erysipelas; Nonclostridial gas gangrene; Bacterial synergistic gangrene
 ==[[Necrotizing fasciitis overview|Overview]]==
 ==[[Necrotizing fasciitis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-*Necrotizing fasciitis was first described by Hippocrates in the fifth century B.C. as the complication of [[erysipelas]]<ref name="pmid556077">{{cite journal| author=Wasfy AA, Shoeb S, El-Mashad A, El-Ebrashy N, Higazi A, Gaber A et al.| title=Detection of anaerobic respiratory bacteria with a new therapeutic approach. | journal=J Egypt Med Assoc | year= 1978 | volume= 61 | issue= 11-12 | pages= 757-61 | pmid=556077 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=556077  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1988793">{{cite journal| author=Caplehorn JR, Bell J| title=Methadone dosage and retention of patients in maintenance treatment. | journal=Med J Aust | year= 1991 | volume= 154 | issue= 3 | pages= 195-9 | pmid=1988793 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1988793  }} </ref>
-*It was first described as "Hospital gangrene" during civil war by confederate army surgeon Joseph Jones.
-*The association between bacterial infection and necrotizing fasciitis was made in 1918.
-*In 1952, the disease was named as necrotizing fasciitis.
 ==[[Necrotizing fasciitis classification|Classification]]==
-*Necrotizing fasciitis may be classified according to international classification of diseases-10 (ICD-10) into:<ref> ICD-10 version:2016. http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/M72.6 2016 Accessed on August 25,2016 </ref>
-:*M72.6 Necrotizing fasciitis
-*Based on microbiological findings, necrotizing fasciitis may be classified into four types
-{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
-|-
-! Type !! Organism
-|-
-| Type 1 or Polymicrobial || ● ''[[Non-Group A streptococci]]''<br>● Anaerobes including [[clostridia]]<br>● [[Facultative anaerobes]]<br>● [[Enterobacteria]]
-|-
-| Type 2 or Monomicrobial || ● Beta hemolytic streptococcus group A ([[Streptococcus pyogenes]])
-|-
-| Type 3 or<br> [[Gas gangrene]] or<br> [[Clostridial myonecrosis]]|| ● Marine [[vibrio vulnificus]]
-|-
-| Type 4 || ● [[MRSA]]
-|}
 ==[[Necrotizing fasciitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
@@ Line 41: / Line 20: @@
 ==[[Necrotizing fasciitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-===Prevalence===
-===Incidence===
-*The incidence of necrotizing fasciitis in adults is 0.40 cases per 100,000 people/year and the incidence in children is higher at 0.08 cases per 100,000 people/year.<ref name="pmid9599907">{{cite journal| author=File TM, Tan JS, DiPersio JR| title=Group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis. Diagnosing and treating the "flesh-eating bacteria syndrome". | journal=Cleve Clin J Med | year= 1998 | volume= 65 | issue= 5 | pages= 241-9 | pmid=9599907 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9599907  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3051309">{{cite journal| author=Chaouat Y, Chaouat D| title=[Primary hyperparathyroidism. History]. | journal=Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic | year= 1988 | volume= 55 | issue= 7 | pages= 475-8 | pmid=3051309 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3051309  }} </ref>
-*
-===Case Fatality Rate===
-===Age===
-===Gender===
-===Race===
-===Developed countries===
-===Developing countries===
 ==[[Necrotizing fasciitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
@@ Line 73: / Line 28: @@
 ==Diagnosis==
-[[Necrotizing fasciitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis x ray|X Ray]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis CT|CT]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
+[[Necrotizing fasciitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis x ray|X Ray]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis CT|CT]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Necrotizing fasciitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 ==Treatment==
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