Hypercholesterolemia causes

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Overview
Classification Familial hyperchylomicronemia Familial hypercholesterolemia Familial combined hyperlipidemia Dysbetalipoproteinemia Primary hypertriglyceridemia Mixed hyperlipoproteinemia
Differential Diagnosis
Screening
ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations
Summary
Treatment
Major recommendations for statin therapy
Therapeutic response to statin therapy
Blood cholesterol LDL and non-HDL treatment goals
Treatment in heart failure and hemodialysis
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Intensity of statin therapy in primary and secondary prevention
Safety Recommendations
Guideline on Lifestyle Management

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Hypercholesterolemia is primarily caused by cardiovascular conditions resulting from lifestyle, renal disease, and congenital conditions.

Causes

Common Causes

• Abetalipoproteinemi 
• Alagille syndrome
• ApoA1 deficiency
• Apob mutation
• Apolipoprotein c-ii deficiency
• Apoprotein e deficiency
• Beckwith-wiedemann syndrome
• Beta blockers
• Carbohydrate intake
• Cholestatic jaundice
• Chronic renal insufficiency
• Ciclosporin
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Diabetes mellitus
• Diabetes mellitus type 2
• Dialysis
• Familial defective apolipoprotein b-100
• Familial mixed hyperlipidaemia
• Hypothyroidism
• Idiopathic
• Lack of exercise
• Lack of physical activity
• Ldl receptor deficiency
• Ldlr mutation
• Ldlrap1 mutation
• Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
• Malignant hepatopathy
• Metabolic syndrome
• Monoclonal gammopathy
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Obesity
• Obstructive liver disease
• Oculomotor apraxia syndrome
• Pcsk9 mutation
• Tobacco
• Trans fatty acids
• Vitamin e deficiency

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Abetalipoproteinemia , ApoA1 deficiency, Apob mutation, Apolipoprotein c-ii deficiency, Apoprotein e deficiency, Beta blockers, Cholesterol ester storage disease, Ldl receptor deficiency, Ldlr mutation, Ldlrap1 mutation, Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
Chemical/Poisoning	Alcohol, Retinoic acid, Tobacco
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Ciclosporin, Fosamprenavir, Glucocorticoids, Medications, Mitotane, Siltuximab, Sirolimus, Temsirolimus, Thiazide diuretics, Tocilizumab, Tofacitinib
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Cushing’s syndrome, Glycogenosis type 1a, Glycogenosis type 3, Glycogenosis type 6, Hypothyroidism
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Alagille syndrome, Analbuminaemia, Cholestatic jaundice, Glycogenosis type 1a, Glycogenosis type 3, Glycogenosis type 6, Malignant hepatopathy, Obstructive liver disease, Zieve's syndrome
Genetic	Abetalipoproteinemia , Alström syndrome, Beckwith-wiedemann syndrome, Chromosome 14 uniparental disomy syndrome , Chromosome 3, trisomy 3p, Familial defective apolipoprotein b-100, Familial mixed hyperlipidaemia, Pcsk9 mutation, Werner syndrome
Hematologic	Analbuminaemia, ApoA1 deficiency, Apob mutation, Apolipoprotein c-ii deficiency, Apoprotein e deficiency, Beta blockers, Cholesterol ester storage disease, Familial defective apolipoprotein b-100, Familial mixed hyperlipidaemia, Ldl receptor deficiency, Ldlr mutation, Ldlrap1 mutation, Lipoprotein lipase deficiency, Monoclonal gammopathy, Pcsk9 mutation
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Carbohydrate intake, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Diabetes mellitus, Lack of exercise, Lack of physical activity, Metabolic syndrome, Obesity, Trans fatty acids, Vitamin e deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Pregnancy
Oncologic	Carcinoma, Cholestatic jaundice
Ophthalmologic	Oculomotor apraxia syndrome
Overdose/Toxicity	Alcohol, Zieve's syndrome
Psychiatric	Anorexia nervosa
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Chronic renal insufficiency, Dialysis, Malignant hepatopathy, Nephrotic syndrome
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Dialysis
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Abetalipoproteinemia 
• Alagille syndrome
• Alcohol
• Alström syndrome
• Analbuminaemia
• Anorexia nervosa
• ApoA1 deficiency
• Apob mutation
• Apolipoprotein c-ii deficiency
• Apoprotein e deficiency
• Beckwith-wiedemann syndrome
• Beta blockers
• Carbohydrate intake
• Carcinoma
• Cholestatic jaundice
• Cholesterol ester storage disease
• Chromosome 14 uniparental disomy syndrome 
• Chromosome 3, trisomy 3p
• Chronic renal insufficiency
• Ciclosporin
• Cushing’s syndrome
• Cushing's syndrome
• Diabetes mellitus
• Diabetes mellitus type 2
• Dialysis
• Familial
• Familial defective apolipoprotein b-100
• Familial mixed hyperlipidaemia
• Fosamprenavir
• Glucocorticoids
• Glycogenosis type 1a
• Glycogenosis type 3
• Glycogenosis type 6
• Hypothyroidism
• Idiopathic
• Lack of exercise
• Lack of physical activity
• Ldl receptor deficiency
• Ldlr mutation
• Ldlrap1 mutation
• Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
• Malignant hepatopathy
• Medications
• Metabolic syndrome
• Mitotane
• Monoclonal gammopathy
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Obesity
• Obstructive liver disease
• Oculomotor apraxia syndrome
• Pcsk9 mutation
• Pregnancy
• Retinoic acid
• Siltuximab
• Sirolimus
• Temsirolimus
• Thiazide diuretics
• Tobacco
• Tocilizumab
• Tofacitinib
• Trans fatty acids
• Vitamin e deficiency
• Werner syndrome
• Zieve's syndrome