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(/* Common risk factors for the development of aortic stenosis include:{{cite journal| author=Siu SC, Silversides CK| title=Bicuspid aortic valve disease. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2010 | volume= 55 | issue= 25 | pages= 2789-800 | pmid=2057953...)
 
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{{Aortic stenosis}}
{{Aortic stenosis}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@wikidoc.org]; '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@wikidoc.org]; {{USAMA}} '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]


==Overview==
==Overview==
The most common risk factor for the development of aortic stenosis is the presence of a congenital [[bicuspid aortic valve]].<ref name="pmid20579534">{{cite journal| author=Siu SC, Silversides CK| title=Bicuspid aortic valve disease. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2010 | volume= 55 | issue= 25 | pages= 2789-800 | pmid=20579534 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20579534  }} </ref>Risk factors that may speed up the progression of aortic stenosis include the same risk factors as [[atherosclerosis]].
The most common [[risk factor]] for the development of aortic stenosis is the presence of a congenital [[bicuspid aortic valve]]. Risk factors that may speed up the progression of aortic stenosis include the same [[risk factors]] as [[atherosclerosis]].


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==


=== '''Common Risk Factors''' ===
=== '''Common Risk Factors''' ===
Common risk factors in the development of aortic stenosis include:<ref name="pmid20579534">{{cite journal| author=Siu SC, Silversides CK| title=Bicuspid aortic valve disease. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2010 | volume= 55 | issue= 25 | pages= 2789-800 | pmid=20579534 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20579534  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11794152">{{cite journal| author=Mylonakis E, Calderwood SB| title=Infective endocarditis in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2001 | volume= 345 | issue= 18 | pages= 1318-30 | pmid=11794152 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra010082 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11794152  }} </ref><ref name="Lugiano-2013">{{Cite journal | last1 = Lugiano | first1 = CA. | title = Aortic stenosis. | journal = JAAPA | volume = 26 | issue = 11 | pages = 46-7 | month = Nov | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1097/01.JAA.0000436518.69169.8e | PMID = 24153092 }}</ref><ref name="pmid26227196">{{cite journal| author=Pawade TA, Newby DE, Dweck MR| title=Calcification in Aortic Stenosis: The Skeleton Key. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2015 | volume= 66 | issue= 5 | pages= 561-77 | pmid=26227196 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2015.05.066 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26227196  }} </ref>
*Congenital [[bicuspid aortic valve]] that may subsequently become calcified later in life
*Acute [[rheumatic fever]]
*[[Calcific aortic valve disease|Age-related progressive calcification]] of the normal tricuspid aortic valve


Common risk factors for the development of aortic stenosis include:<ref name="pmid20579534">{{cite journal| author=Siu SC, Silversides CK| title=Bicuspid aortic valve disease. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2010 | volume= 55 | issue= 25 | pages= 2789-800 | pmid=20579534 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20579534 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11794152">{{cite journal| author=Mylonakis E, Calderwood SB| title=Infective endocarditis in adults. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2001 | volume= 345 | issue= 18 | pages= 1318-30 | pmid=11794152 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra010082 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11794152 }} </ref><ref name="Lugiano-2013">{{Cite journal | last1 = Lugiano | first1 = CA. | title = Aortic stenosis. | journal = JAAPA | volume = 26 | issue = 11 | pages = 46-7 | month = Nov | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1097/01.JAA.0000436518.69169.8e | PMID = 24153092 }}</ref><ref name="pmid26227196">{{cite journal| author=Pawade TA, Newby DE, Dweck MR| title=Calcification in Aortic Stenosis: The Skeleton Key. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2015 | volume= 66 | issue= 5 | pages= 561-77 | pmid=26227196 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2015.05.066 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26227196 }} </ref>
==='''Less common Risk Factors'''===
:*Congenital [[bicuspid aortic valve]] that may subsequently become calcified later in life
Less common risk factors in the development of aortic stenosis include:<ref name="pmid3565291">{{cite journal| author=Aronow WS, Schwartz KS, Koenigsberg M| title=Correlation of serum lipids, calcium, and phosphorus, diabetes mellitus and history of systemic hypertension with presence or absence of calcified or thickened aortic cusps or root in elderly patients. | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1987 | volume= 59 | issue= 9 | pages= 998-9 | pmid=3565291 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3565291 }} </ref><ref name="pmid7925504">{{cite journal| author=Lindroos M, Kupari M, Valvanne J, Strandberg T, Heikkilä J, Tilvis R| title=Factors associated with calcific aortic valve degeneration in the elderly. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 1994 | volume= 15 | issue= 7 | pages= 865-70 | pmid=7925504 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7925504 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10323772">{{cite journal| author=Olsson M, Thyberg J, Nilsson J| title=Presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein in nonrheumatic stenotic aortic valves. | journal=Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol | year= 1999 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 1218-22 | pmid=10323772 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10323772  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3696315">{{cite journal| author=Maher ER, Pazianas M, Curtis JR| title=Calcific aortic stenosis: a complication of chronic uraemia. | journal=Nephron | year= 1987 | volume= 47 | issue= 2 | pages= 119-22 | pmid=3696315 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3696315 }} </ref>
:*Acute [[rheumatic fever]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
:*[[Calcific aortic valve disease|Age-related progressive calcification]] of the normal tricuspid aortic valve
*[[High cholesterol]]
*[[Hypertension]]
* [[Low HDL]]
*[[Uremia]]


*Other risk factors that may speed up the progression of aortic stenosis include the same risk factors as [[atherosclerosis]]:<ref name="pmid3565291">{{cite journal| author=Aronow WS, Schwartz KS, Koenigsberg M| title=Correlation of serum lipids, calcium, and phosphorus, diabetes mellitus and history of systemic hypertension with presence or absence of calcified or thickened aortic cusps or root in elderly patients. | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1987 | volume= 59 | issue= 9 | pages= 998-9 | pmid=3565291 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3565291  }} </ref><ref name="pmid7925504">{{cite journal| author=Lindroos M, Kupari M, Valvanne J, Strandberg T, Heikkilä J, Tilvis R| title=Factors associated with calcific aortic valve degeneration in the elderly. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 1994 | volume= 15 | issue= 7 | pages= 865-70 | pmid=7925504 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7925504  }} </ref>
==='''Other Risk Factors'''===
:*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
Some other [[risk factors]] of aortic stenosis include:<ref name="pmid14657067">{{cite journal| author=Hull MC, Morris CG, Pepine CJ, Mendenhall NP| title=Valvular dysfunction and carotid, subclavian, and coronary artery disease in survivors of hodgkin lymphoma treated with radiation therapy. | journal=JAMA | year= 2003 | volume= 290 | issue= 21 | pages= 2831-7 | pmid=14657067 | doi=10.1001/jama.290.21.2831 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14657067  }} </ref><ref name="pmid7484833">{{cite journal| author=Gotoh T, Kuroda T, Yamasawa M, Nishinaga M, Mitsuhashi T, Seino Y et al.| title=Correlation between lipoprotein(a) and aortic valve sclerosis assessed by echocardiography (the JMS Cardiac Echo and Cohort Study). | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1995 | volume= 76 | issue= 12 | pages= 928-32 | pmid=7484833 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7484833  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21737022">{{cite journal| author=Linefsky JP, O'Brien KD, Katz R, de Boer IH, Barasch E, Jenny NS et al.| title=Association of serum phosphate levels with aortic valve sclerosis and annular calcification: the cardiovascular health study. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2011 | volume= 58 | issue= 3 | pages= 291-7 | pmid=21737022 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2010.11.073 | pmc=PMC3147295 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21737022  }} </ref>
:*[[High cholesterol]]
*[[Radiation therapy]] for cancer, such as [[breast cancer]] or [[lymphoma]]
:*[[Hypertension]]
* High [[lipoprotein a]]
:* [[Low HDL]]<ref name="pmid10323772">{{cite journal| author=Olsson M, Thyberg J, Nilsson J| title=Presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein in nonrheumatic stenotic aortic valves. | journal=Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol | year= 1999 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 1218-22 | pmid=10323772 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10323772  }} </ref>
* Disorders of [[calcium]] metabolism
:*[[Uremia]]<ref name="pmid3696315">{{cite journal| author=Maher ER, Pazianas M, Curtis JR| title=Calcific aortic stenosis: a complication of chronic uraemia. | journal=Nephron | year= 1987 | volume= 47 | issue= 2 | pages= 119-22 | pmid=3696315 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3696315  }} </ref>
Other risk factors of aortic stenosis include:
*[[Radiation therapy]] for cancer, such as [[breast cancer]] or [[lymphoma]]<ref name="pmid14657067">{{cite journal| author=Hull MC, Morris CG, Pepine CJ, Mendenhall NP| title=Valvular dysfunction and carotid, subclavian, and coronary artery disease in survivors of hodgkin lymphoma treated with radiation therapy. | journal=JAMA | year= 2003 | volume= 290 | issue= 21 | pages= 2831-7 | pmid=14657067 | doi=10.1001/jama.290.21.2831 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14657067  }} </ref>
* High [[lipoprotein a]]<ref name="pmid7484833">{{cite journal| author=Gotoh T, Kuroda T, Yamasawa M, Nishinaga M, Mitsuhashi T, Seino Y et al.| title=Correlation between lipoprotein(a) and aortic valve sclerosis assessed by echocardiography (the JMS Cardiac Echo and Cohort Study). | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1995 | volume= 76 | issue= 12 | pages= 928-32 | pmid=7484833 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7484833  }} </ref>
* Disorders of [[calcium]] metabolism<ref name="pmid21737022">{{cite journal| author=Linefsky JP, O'Brien KD, Katz R, de Boer IH, Barasch E, Jenny NS et al.| title=Association of serum phosphate levels with aortic valve sclerosis and annular calcification: the cardiovascular health study. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2011 | volume= 58 | issue= 3 | pages= 291-7 | pmid=21737022 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2010.11.073 | pmc=PMC3147295 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21737022  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 19:49, 3 March 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [2]; Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3] Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]

Overview

The most common risk factor for the development of aortic stenosis is the presence of a congenital bicuspid aortic valve. Risk factors that may speed up the progression of aortic stenosis include the same risk factors as atherosclerosis.

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of aortic stenosis include:[1][2][3][4]

Less common Risk Factors

Less common risk factors in the development of aortic stenosis include:[5][6][7][8]

Other Risk Factors

Some other risk factors of aortic stenosis include:[9][10][11]

References

  1. ↑ Siu SC, Silversides CK (2010). "Bicuspid aortic valve disease". J Am Coll Cardiol. 55 (25): 2789–800. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.068. PMID 20579534.
  2. ↑ Mylonakis E, Calderwood SB (2001). "Infective endocarditis in adults". N Engl J Med. 345 (18): 1318–30. doi:10.1056/NEJMra010082. PMID 11794152.
  3. ↑ Lugiano, CA. (2013). "Aortic stenosis". JAAPA. 26 (11): 46–7. doi:10.1097/01.JAA.0000436518.69169.8e. PMID 24153092. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Pawade TA, Newby DE, Dweck MR (2015). "Calcification in Aortic Stenosis: The Skeleton Key". J Am Coll Cardiol. 66 (5): 561–77. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.05.066. PMID 26227196.
  5. ↑ Aronow WS, Schwartz KS, Koenigsberg M (1987). "Correlation of serum lipids, calcium, and phosphorus, diabetes mellitus and history of systemic hypertension with presence or absence of calcified or thickened aortic cusps or root in elderly patients". Am J Cardiol. 59 (9): 998–9. PMID 3565291.
  6. ↑ Lindroos M, Kupari M, Valvanne J, Strandberg T, Heikkilä J, Tilvis R (1994). "Factors associated with calcific aortic valve degeneration in the elderly". Eur Heart J. 15 (7): 865–70. PMID 7925504.
  7. ↑ Olsson M, Thyberg J, Nilsson J (1999). "Presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein in nonrheumatic stenotic aortic valves". Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 19 (5): 1218–22. PMID 10323772.
  8. ↑ Maher ER, Pazianas M, Curtis JR (1987). "Calcific aortic stenosis: a complication of chronic uraemia". Nephron. 47 (2): 119–22. PMID 3696315.
  9. ↑ Hull MC, Morris CG, Pepine CJ, Mendenhall NP (2003). "Valvular dysfunction and carotid, subclavian, and coronary artery disease in survivors of hodgkin lymphoma treated with radiation therapy". JAMA. 290 (21): 2831–7. doi:10.1001/jama.290.21.2831. PMID 14657067.
  10. ↑ Gotoh T, Kuroda T, Yamasawa M, Nishinaga M, Mitsuhashi T, Seino Y; et al. (1995). "Correlation between lipoprotein(a) and aortic valve sclerosis assessed by echocardiography (the JMS Cardiac Echo and Cohort Study)". Am J Cardiol. 76 (12): 928–32. PMID 7484833.
  11. ↑ Linefsky JP, O'Brien KD, Katz R, de Boer IH, Barasch E, Jenny NS; et al. (2011). "Association of serum phosphate levels with aortic valve sclerosis and annular calcification: the cardiovascular health study". J Am Coll Cardiol. 58 (3): 291–7. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.11.073. PMC 3147295. PMID 21737022.

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