Congenital rubella syndrome historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}} {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{DN}} | ||
{{Congenital rubella syndrome}} | {{Congenital rubella syndrome}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
Originally, [[rubella]] was referred to as the ''third disease'', because it was thought to branch from [[measles]] or [[Scarlet fever]]. However, in 1814, it was recognized as a separate entity of disease and became known as ''[[German measles]]''.<ref name="pmid16580940">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Caruso A |title=Rubella infection in pregnancy |journal=Reprod. Toxicol. |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=390–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16580940 |doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.014 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4164540">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cooper LZ, Krugman S |title=Clinical manifestations of postnatal and congenital rubella |journal=Arch. Ophthalmol. |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=434–9 |year=1967 |pmid=4164540 |doi= |url=}}</ref> In 1941, congenital rubella syndrome was recognized as a complication of [[rubella]] [[infection]] among [[pregnant]] women who became infected with the [[virus]] early in their [[pregnancy]].<ref name="pmid16580940">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Caruso A |title=Rubella infection in pregnancy |journal=Reprod. Toxicol. |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=390–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16580940 |doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.014 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4164540">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cooper LZ, Krugman S |title=Clinical manifestations of postnatal and congenital rubella |journal=Arch. Ophthalmol. |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=434–9 |year=1967 |pmid=4164540 |doi= |url=}}</ref> An Australian ophthalmologist made the connection and reported 78 cases of congenital [[cataract]] among [[infants]] born to mothers who had a [[Rubella|rubella infection]] early in their [[pregnancy]].<ref name="pmid16580940">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Caruso A |title=Rubella infection in pregnancy |journal=Reprod. Toxicol. |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=390–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16580940 |doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.014 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4164540">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cooper LZ, Krugman S |title=Clinical manifestations of postnatal and congenital rubella |journal=Arch. Ophthalmol. |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=434–9 |year=1967 |pmid=4164540 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
*Originally [[rubella]] was referred to as the ''third disease'', because it was thought to branch from [[measles]] or [[Scarlet fever]]. However, in 1814, it was recognized as a separate entity of disease and became known as ''[[German measles]]''. | *Originally, [[rubella]] was referred to as the ''third disease'', because it was thought to branch from [[measles]] or [[Scarlet fever]]. However, in 1814, it was recognized as a separate entity of disease and became known as ''[[German measles]]''.<ref name="pmid16580940">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Caruso A |title=Rubella infection in pregnancy |journal=Reprod. Toxicol. |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=390–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16580940 |doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.014 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4164540">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cooper LZ, Krugman S |title=Clinical manifestations of postnatal and congenital rubella |journal=Arch. Ophthalmol. |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=434–9 |year=1967 |pmid=4164540 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*It was not until 1941 that congenital rubella syndrome became recognized as a complication of [[rubella]] [[infection]] among [[pregnant]] women who became infected with the [[virus]] early in their [[pregnancy]]. | *It was not until 1941 that congenital rubella syndrome became recognized as a complication of [[rubella]] [[infection]] among [[pregnant]] women who became infected with the [[virus]] early in their [[pregnancy]].<ref name="pmid16580940">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Caruso A |title=Rubella infection in pregnancy |journal=Reprod. Toxicol. |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=390–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16580940 |doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.014 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4164540">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cooper LZ, Krugman S |title=Clinical manifestations of postnatal and congenital rubella |journal=Arch. Ophthalmol. |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=434–9 |year=1967 |pmid=4164540 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*This connection was made by the Australian ophthalmologist, ''Norman Gregg'', who reported 78 cases of [[ | *This connection was made by the Australian ophthalmologist, ''Norman Gregg'', who reported 78 cases of congenital [[cataract]] among [[pregnant]] women who were infected with [[rubella]] [[virus]] during the early phases of their [[pregnancy]].<ref name="pmid16580940">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Caruso A |title=Rubella infection in pregnancy |journal=Reprod. Toxicol. |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=390–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16580940 |doi=10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.014 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4164540">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cooper LZ, Krugman S |title=Clinical manifestations of postnatal and congenital rubella |journal=Arch. Ophthalmol. |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=434–9 |year=1967 |pmid=4164540 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Rubella]] [[virus]] was first isolated from tissue in 1962.<ref name="pmid4164540">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cooper LZ, Krugman S |title=Clinical manifestations of postnatal and congenital rubella |journal=Arch. Ophthalmol. |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=434–9 |year=1967 |pmid=4164540 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | |||
[[Category:Obstetrics]] | |||
Latest revision as of 21:03, 29 July 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
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Overview
Originally, rubella was referred to as the third disease, because it was thought to branch from measles or Scarlet fever. However, in 1814, it was recognized as a separate entity of disease and became known as German measles.[1][2] In 1941, congenital rubella syndrome was recognized as a complication of rubella infection among pregnant women who became infected with the virus early in their pregnancy.[1][2] An Australian ophthalmologist made the connection and reported 78 cases of congenital cataract among infants born to mothers who had a rubella infection early in their pregnancy.[1][2]
Historical Perspective
- Originally, rubella was referred to as the third disease, because it was thought to branch from measles or Scarlet fever. However, in 1814, it was recognized as a separate entity of disease and became known as German measles.[1][2]
- It was not until 1941 that congenital rubella syndrome became recognized as a complication of rubella infection among pregnant women who became infected with the virus early in their pregnancy.[1][2]
- This connection was made by the Australian ophthalmologist, Norman Gregg, who reported 78 cases of congenital cataract among pregnant women who were infected with rubella virus during the early phases of their pregnancy.[1][2]
- Rubella virus was first isolated from tissue in 1962.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 De Santis M, Cavaliere AF, Straface G, Caruso A (2006). "Rubella infection in pregnancy". Reprod. Toxicol. 21 (4): 390–8. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.014. PMID 16580940.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Cooper LZ, Krugman S (1967). "Clinical manifestations of postnatal and congenital rubella". Arch. Ophthalmol. 77 (4): 434–9. PMID 4164540.