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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis}} | | {{Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis}} |
| {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{SCh}} | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{SCh}} {{AY}} |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| | There is no specific [[Screening test|screening studies]] for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. |
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| ==Screening== | | ==Spntaneous bacterial peritonitis screening== |
| * '''Leukocyte esterase strip''' calibrated to an ascitic fluid neutrophil count 250/microl is an effective screening tool when the strip turns to any hue of brown at 3 min. <ref name="pmid20646775">{{cite journal| author=Mendler MH, Agarwal A, Trimzi M, Madrigal E, Tsushima M, Joo E et al.| title=A new highly sensitive point of care screen for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis using the leukocyte esterase method. | journal=J Hepatol | year= 2010 | volume= 53 | issue= 3 | pages= 477-83 | pmid=20646775 | doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2010.04.011 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20646775 }} </ref>
| | There is no specific [[Screening test|screening studies]] for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. |
| * '''Fecal calprotectin''' is a useful screening parameter for [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]] in [[cirrhosis]]. It is helpful in grading the severity of [[hepatic encephalopathy]].<ref name="pmid22093455">{{cite journal| author=Gundling F, Schmidtler F, Hapfelmeier A, Schulte B, Schmidt T, Pehl C et al.| title=Fecal calprotectin is a useful screening parameter for hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. | journal=Liver Int | year= 2011 | volume= 31 | issue= 9 | pages= 1406-15 | pmid=22093455 | doi=10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02577.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22093455 }} </ref><ref name="FernandesSantos2016">{{cite journal|last1=Fernandes|first1=Samuel Raimundo|last2=Santos|first2=Patrícia|last3=Fatela|first3=Narcisa|last4=Baldaia|first4=Cilénia|last5=Tato Marinho|first5=Rui|last6=Proença|first6=Helena|last7=Ramalho|first7=Fernando|last8=Velosa|first8=José|title=Ascitic Calprotectin is a Novel and Accurate Marker for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis|journal=Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis|volume=30|issue=6|year=2016|pages=1139–1145|issn=08878013|doi=10.1002/jcla.21994}}</ref>
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| * A new Prescreen strip, is highly effective and cost-saving procedure for the exclusion of SBP in cirrhotic outpatients (due to its excellent NPV) without the need to perform standard ascitic cytology.
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| ** In outpatients, the performance of this strip was optimal with a sensitivity- 100% and negative predictive value-100%.
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| ** Periscreen strip is considered to be a good screening test in outpatients as it identified all patients with SBP.
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| ** Further studies are needed to better understand pre-analytical conditions leading to the failure to recognize SBP among inpatients.<ref name="ThévenotBriot2016">{{cite journal|last1=Thévenot|first1=Thierry|last2=Briot|first2=Charline|last3=Macé|first3=Vincent|last4=Lison|first4=Hortensia|last5=Elkrief|first5=Laure|last6=Heurgué-Berlot|first6=Alexandra|last7=Bureau|first7=Christophe|last8=Jézéquel|first8=Caroline|last9=Riachi|first9=Ghassan|last10=Louvet|first10=Alexandre|last11=Pauwels|first11=Arnaud|last12=Ollivier-Hourmand|first12=Isabelle|last13=Anty|first13=Rodolphe|last14=Carbonell|first14=Nicolas|last15=Labadie|first15=Hélène|last16=Aziz|first16=Karim|last17=Grasset|first17=Denis|last18=Nguyen-Khac|first18=Eric|last19=Kaassis|first19=Mehdi|last20=Hermann|first20=Sofia|last21=Tanné|first21=Florence|last22=Mouillot|first22=Thomas|last23=Roux|first23=Olivier|last24=Le Thuaut|first24=Aurélie|last25=Cervoni|first25=Jean-Paul|last26=Cadranel|first26=Jean-François|last27=Schnee|first27=Matthieu|last28=Bardou-Jacquet|first28=Edouard|last29=Belouchrani|first29=Yasmina|last30=Bernard-Chabert|first30=Brigitte|last31=Canivet|first31=Clémence|last32=Dao|first32=Thong|last33=Di Martino|first33=Vincent|last34=Faroux|first34=Roger|last35=Medmoun|first35=Mourad|last36=Nousbaum|first36=Jean-Baptiste|last37=Riche|first37=Valéry-Pierre|last38=Robic|first38=Marie Angèle|last39=Si Nafa|first39=Si Ahmed|last40=Si Nafa|first40=Si Ahmed|last41=Thiéfin|first41=Gérard|last42=Weil|first42=Delphine|title=The Periscreen Strip Is Highly Efficient for the Exclusion of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Cirrhotic Outpatients|journal=The American Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=111|issue=10|year=2016|pages=1402–1409|issn=0002-9270|doi=10.1038/ajg.2016.344}}</ref>
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| * The diagnostic accuracy of leucocyte esterase reagent strips read out by a photospectrometer was comparable with the gold standard test and was excellent for excluding SBP. Our results support implementation of reagent strips in the diagnostic work-up of ascitic fluid.The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the reagent strip according to the photospectrometer were 100%, 93%, 55% and 100% respectively, and 75%, 99%, 82% and 98%, respectively, for visual interpretation.<ref name="pmid27571723">{{cite journal| author=Oey RC, Kuiper JJ, van Buuren HR, de Man RA| title=Reagent strips are efficient to rule out spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotics. | journal=Neth J Med | year= 2016 | volume= 74 | issue= 6 | pages= 257-61 | pmid=27571723 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27571723 }} </ref>
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{reflist|2}} | | {{reflist|2}} |
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| [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] |
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| [[Category:Infectious disease]] | | [[Category:Infectious disease]] |
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