Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis historical perspective: Difference between revisions

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{{Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis}}
{{Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis}}
{{CMG}} ; {{AE}} {{ADI}}{{SCh}}
{{CMG}} ; {{AE}} {{SCh}} {{AY}}
 


==Overview==
==Overview==
==Discovery==
Kerr and his colleagues (1963) described 11 episodes of ascitic fluid infection in 9 cirrhotic patients while Harold O.Conn , M.D, a world-renowned hepatologist (1964) introduced the term “[[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]]” for the first time in English literature.Later in the history, [[SBP]] was studied extensively by many renowned researchers and health care professionals as this condition was seen among many patients with [[cirrhosis]], which has lead to the thorough understanding and recognition of [[SBP]].
* Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was known to emerge from different stages as follows:
* Bacteria migrating from the infected bowel (due to the altered bowel flora ) seen in hepatic cirrhosis enter the portal blood and escape the "bacterial filter" in the liver since a high proportion of the portal flow in cirrhotics may bypass the liver sinusoids.
* Having entered into the systemic circulation the bacteria are more likely to survive since cirrhotics have a reduced resistance to infection.
* In such conditions, they are more prone to cause bacteremia and life-threatening sepsis.  


==Historical perspective==
Spontaneous bacterial [[peritonitis]] was known to emerge from different stages as follows:
* A few case reports have appeared in the French and American literature but the condition attracted little attention until 1958.
* A few case reports have appeared in the French and American literature but the condition attracted little attention until 1958.
* In 1958, Caroli and Platteborse described 20 patients with cirrhosis developing coliform septicemia and peritonitis, in whom Gram-negative organisms were cultured from blood, ascitic fluid, or both.
* In 1958, Caroli and Platteborse described 20 patients with [[cirrhosis]] developing coliform [[septicemia]] and [[peritonitis]], in whom [[Gram-negative bacteria|Gram-negative organisms]] were cultured from blood, ascitic fluid, or both.
* Kerr and colleagues in 1963 published two papers on the ascitic fluid infection as a complication of cirrhosis.<ref name="pmid14084751">{{cite journal| author=KERR DN, PEARSON DT, READ AE| title=INFECTION OF ASCITIC FLUID IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS. | journal=Gut | year= 1963 | volume= 4 | issue=  | pages= 394-8 | pmid=14084751 | doi= | pmc=1413490 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14084751  }} </ref>
* Kerr and colleagues in 1963 published two papers on the [[Ascites|ascitic fluid]] infection as a complication of [[cirrhosis]].<ref name="pmid14084751">{{cite journal| author=KERR DN, PEARSON DT, READ AE| title=INFECTION OF ASCITIC FLUID IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS. | journal=Gut | year= 1963 | volume= 4 | issue=  | pages= 394-8 | pmid=14084751 | doi= | pmc=1413490 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14084751  }} </ref>
* Prof Harold O. Conn was the first to use term "spontaneous bacterial peritonitis" in English literature in 1964.
* Prof Harold O. Conn was the first to use term "[[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]]" in English literature in 1964.
* Krencker 1907; Brule et al 1939; Cachin 1955; Navasa et al 1999 described that ascitic fluid infections were most common in patients with cirrhosis.
* Krencker 1907; Brule et al 1939; Cachin 1955; Navasa et al 1999 described that ascitic fluid infections were most common in patients with [[cirrhosis]].
* Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), reported by Caroli and Platteborse (1958) has had its importance increased since Kerr and colleagues (1963) and Conn (1964) published two papers about this cirrhosis complication almost simultaneously.<ref name="pmid14138877">{{cite journal| author=CONN HO| title=SPONTANEOUS PERITONITIS AND BACTEREMIA IN LAENNEC'S CIRRHOSIS CAUSED BY ENTERIC ORGANISMS. A RELATIVELY COMMON BUT RARELY RECOGNIZED SYNDROME. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1964 | volume= 60 | issue=  | pages= 568-80 | pmid=14138877 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14138877  }} </ref>  
* Spontaneous bacterial [[peritonitis]] (SBP), reported by Caroli and Platteborse (1958) has had its importance increased since Kerr and colleagues (1963) and Conn (1964) published two papers about this [[cirrhosis]] complication almost simultaneously.<ref name="pmid14138877">{{cite journal| author=CONN HO| title=SPONTANEOUS PERITONITIS AND BACTEREMIA IN LAENNEC'S CIRRHOSIS CAUSED BY ENTERIC ORGANISMS. A RELATIVELY COMMON BUT RARELY RECOGNIZED SYNDROME. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1964 | volume= 60 | issue=  | pages= 568-80 | pmid=14138877 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14138877  }} </ref>  
*  Kerr and colleagues (1963) described 11 episodes of ascitic fluid infection in 9 cirrhotic patients while Harold O.Conn , M.D, a world-renowned hepatologist (1964) introduced the term “spontaneous bacterial peritonitis” for the first time in English literature.
*  Kerr and colleagues (1963) described 11 episodes of [[Ascites|ascitic fluid]] infection in 9 cirrhotic patients while Harold O.Conn , M.D, a world-renowned hepatologist (1964) introduced the term “spontaneous bacterial [[peritonitis]]” for the first time in English literature.
* Later in the history, SBP was studied extensively by many renowned researchers and health care professionals as this condition was seen among many patients with cirrhosis, which has lead to the thorough understanding and recognition of SBP.
* Later in the history, SBP was studied extensively by many renowned researchers and health care professionals as this condition was seen among many patients with [[cirrhosis]], which has lead to the thorough understanding and recognition of SBP.
==Historical perspective==
* Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was first described in medical literature in 1885 by Da Bozzolo.
* The first reports of SBP appeared in the German and French literatures between 1907 and 1958.
* Krencker 1907; Brule et al 1939; Cachin 1955; Navasa et al 1999 described that ascitic fluid infections were most common in patients with cirrhosis.
* Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), reported by Caroli and Platteborse (1958) has had its importance increased since Kerr and colleagues[1](1963) and Conn (1964) published two papers about this cirrhosis complication almost simultaneously.<ref name="pmid14084751">{{cite journal| author=KERR DN, PEARSON DT, READ AE| title=INFECTION OF ASCITIC FLUID IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS. | journal=Gut | year= 1963 | volume= 4 | issue=  | pages= 394-8 | pmid=14084751 | doi= | pmc=1413490 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14084751  }} </ref><ref name="pmid14138877">{{cite journal| author=CONN HO| title=SPONTANEOUS PERITONITIS AND BACTEREMIA IN LAENNEC'S CIRRHOSIS CAUSED BY ENTERIC ORGANISMS. A RELATIVELY COMMON BUT RARELY RECOGNIZED SYNDROME. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1964 | volume= 60 | issue=  | pages= 568-80 | pmid=14138877 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14138877  }} </ref>
*  Kerr and colleagues (1963) described 11 episodes of ascitic fluid infection in 9 cirrhotic patients while Harold O.Conn , M.D, a world-renowned hepatologist (1964) introduced the term “spontaneous bacterial peritonitis” for the first time in English literature.<ref name="pmid19209274">{{cite journal| author=Ribeiro TC, Chebli JM, Kondo M, Gaburri PD, Chebli LA, Feldner AC| title=Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: How to deal with this life-threatening cirrhosis complication? | journal=Ther Clin Risk Manag | year= 2008 | volume= 4 | issue= 5 | pages= 919-25 | pmid=19209274 | doi= | pmc=2621420 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19209274  }} </ref><ref name="Garcia-Tsao2004">{{cite journal|last1=Garcia-Tsao|first1=Guadalupe|title=Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a historical perspective|journal=Journal of Hepatology|volume=41|issue=4|year=2004|pages=522–527|issn=01688278|doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2004.09.001}}</ref><ref name="pmid3884467">{{cite journal| author=Crossley IR, Williams R| title=Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. | journal=Gut | year= 1985 | volume= 26 | issue= 4 | pages= 325-31 | pmid=3884467 | doi= | pmc=1432517 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3884467  }} </ref>
* E. coli was found in the majority of patients with SBP as reported by Conn et al. (66%) and Kerr et al. (72%) and consistently remains most common isolate in recent literature albeit with lower prevalence


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
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[[Category:Infectious disease]]
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shivani Chaparala M.B.B.S [2] Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [3]


Overview

Kerr and his colleagues (1963) described 11 episodes of ascitic fluid infection in 9 cirrhotic patients while Harold O.Conn , M.D, a world-renowned hepatologist (1964) introduced the term “spontaneous bacterial peritonitis” for the first time in English literature.Later in the history, SBP was studied extensively by many renowned researchers and health care professionals as this condition was seen among many patients with cirrhosis, which has lead to the thorough understanding and recognition of SBP.

Historical perspective

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was known to emerge from different stages as follows:

  • A few case reports have appeared in the French and American literature but the condition attracted little attention until 1958.
  • In 1958, Caroli and Platteborse described 20 patients with cirrhosis developing coliform septicemia and peritonitis, in whom Gram-negative organisms were cultured from blood, ascitic fluid, or both.
  • Kerr and colleagues in 1963 published two papers on the ascitic fluid infection as a complication of cirrhosis.[1]
  • Prof Harold O. Conn was the first to use term "spontaneous bacterial peritonitis" in English literature in 1964.
  • Krencker 1907; Brule et al 1939; Cachin 1955; Navasa et al 1999 described that ascitic fluid infections were most common in patients with cirrhosis.
  • Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), reported by Caroli and Platteborse (1958) has had its importance increased since Kerr and colleagues (1963) and Conn (1964) published two papers about this cirrhosis complication almost simultaneously.[2]
  • Kerr and colleagues (1963) described 11 episodes of ascitic fluid infection in 9 cirrhotic patients while Harold O.Conn , M.D, a world-renowned hepatologist (1964) introduced the term “spontaneous bacterial peritonitis” for the first time in English literature.
  • Later in the history, SBP was studied extensively by many renowned researchers and health care professionals as this condition was seen among many patients with cirrhosis, which has lead to the thorough understanding and recognition of SBP.

References

  1. KERR DN, PEARSON DT, READ AE (1963). "INFECTION OF ASCITIC FLUID IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS". Gut. 4: 394–8. PMC 1413490. PMID 14084751.
  2. CONN HO (1964). "SPONTANEOUS PERITONITIS AND BACTEREMIA IN LAENNEC'S CIRRHOSIS CAUSED BY ENTERIC ORGANISMS. A RELATIVELY COMMON BUT RARELY RECOGNIZED SYNDROME". Ann Intern Med. 60: 568–80. PMID 14138877.

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