Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis}} | {{Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis}} | ||
{{CMG}} ; {{AE}} {{ | {{CMG}} ; {{AE}} {{SCh}} {{AY}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]] ([[SBP]]) is a potentially life threatening complication in patients with [[cirrhosis]] and has typically been described in hospitalized patients.The prevalence of [[SBP]] in cirrhotic patients with [[ascites]] admitted to the hospital ranges from 10%-30%.<ref name="pmid24255734">{{cite journal| author=Oladimeji AA, Temi AP, Adekunle AE, Taiwo RH, Ayokunle DS| title=Prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis with ascites. | journal=Pan Afr Med J | year= 2013 | volume= 15 | issue= | pages= 128 | pmid=24255734 | doi=10.11604/pamj.2013.15.128.2702 | pmc=3830462 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24255734 }} </ref>.Studies have demonstrated a 12% incidence of [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]] in patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis. 2 studies examining asymptomatic patients presenting for a therapeutic [[paracentesis]] showed a combined 2.5% incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.Overall one-year mortality rate after a first episode of [[SBP]] is 30%-93% regardless of its recurrence.The mean age of presentation of [[SBP]] was 49 years.In patients with ascites both sexes are affected equally. | [[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]] ([[SBP]]) is a potentially life threatening complication in patients with [[cirrhosis]] and has typically been described in hospitalized patients.The prevalence of [[SBP]] in cirrhotic patients with [[ascites]] admitted to the hospital ranges from 10%-30%.<ref name="pmid24255734">{{cite journal| author=Oladimeji AA, Temi AP, Adekunle AE, Taiwo RH, Ayokunle DS| title=Prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis with ascites. | journal=Pan Afr Med J | year= 2013 | volume= 15 | issue= | pages= 128 | pmid=24255734 | doi=10.11604/pamj.2013.15.128.2702 | pmc=3830462 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24255734 }} </ref>.Studies have demonstrated a 12% incidence of [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]] in patients admitted with [[Cirrhosis|decompensated cirrhosis]]. 2 studies examining asymptomatic patients presenting for a therapeutic [[paracentesis]] showed a combined 2.5% incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.Overall one-year mortality rate after a first episode of [[SBP]] is 30%-93% regardless of its recurrence.The mean age of presentation of [[SBP]] was 49 years.In patients with [[ascites]] both sexes are affected equally. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
=== Prevalence === | === Prevalence === | ||
*The prevalence of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites admitted to the hospital ranges from 10%-30%. <ref name="pmid26962397">{{cite journal| author=Bunchorntavakul C, Chamroonkul N, Chavalitdhamrong D| title=Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: A critical review and practical guidance. | journal=World J Hepatol | year= 2016 | volume= 8 | issue= 6 | pages= 307-21 | pmid=26962397 | doi=10.4254/wjh.v8.i6.307 | pmc=4766259 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26962397 }} </ref> | *The [[prevalence]] of SBP in cirrhotic patients with [[ascites]] admitted to the hospital ranges from 10%-30%.<ref name="pmid26962397">{{cite journal| author=Bunchorntavakul C, Chamroonkul N, Chavalitdhamrong D| title=Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: A critical review and practical guidance. | journal=World J Hepatol | year= 2016 | volume= 8 | issue= 6 | pages= 307-21 | pmid=26962397 | doi=10.4254/wjh.v8.i6.307 | pmc=4766259 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26962397 }} </ref> | ||
*About 50% of cases are present at the time of hospitalization and 50% develop during the hospitalization. | *About 50% of cases are present at the time of hospitalization and 50% develop during the hospitalization. | ||
===Incidence === | ===Incidence === | ||
====In hospitalized patients==== | ====In hospitalized patients==== | ||
* The reported incidence of SBP in patients with decompensated [[cirrhosis]] is 12%. | * The reported [[incidence]] of SBP in patients with decompensated [[cirrhosis]] is 12%. | ||
====In outpatient clinic ED setting==== | ====In outpatient clinic ED setting==== | ||
* The incidence of SBP in asymptomatic patients presenting for a therapeutic [[paracentesis]] is 2.5%.<ref name="Evans2003">{{cite journal|last1=Evans|first1=L|title=Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in asymptomatic outpatients with cirrhotic ascites|journal=Hepatology|volume=37|issue=4|year=2003|pages=897–901|issn=02709139|doi=10.1053/jhep.2003.50119}}</ref><ref name="ChinnockAfarian2008">{{cite journal|last1=Chinnock|first1=Brian|last2=Afarian|first2=Hagop|last3=Minnigan|first3=Hal|last4=Butler|first4=Jack|last5=Hendey|first5=Gregory W.|title=Physician Clinical Impression Does Not Rule Out Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients Undergoing Emergency Department Paracentesis|journal=Annals of Emergency Medicine|volume=52|issue=3|year=2008|pages=268–273|issn=01960644|doi=10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.02.016}}</ref> | * The [[incidence]] of SBP in asymptomatic patients presenting for a therapeutic [[paracentesis]] is 2.5%.<ref name="Evans2003">{{cite journal|last1=Evans|first1=L|title=Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in asymptomatic outpatients with cirrhotic ascites|journal=Hepatology|volume=37|issue=4|year=2003|pages=897–901|issn=02709139|doi=10.1053/jhep.2003.50119}}</ref><ref name="ChinnockAfarian2008">{{cite journal|last1=Chinnock|first1=Brian|last2=Afarian|first2=Hagop|last3=Minnigan|first3=Hal|last4=Butler|first4=Jack|last5=Hendey|first5=Gregory W.|title=Physician Clinical Impression Does Not Rule Out Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients Undergoing Emergency Department Paracentesis|journal=Annals of Emergency Medicine|volume=52|issue=3|year=2008|pages=268–273|issn=01960644|doi=10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.02.016}}</ref> | ||
* In patients with [[ascites]] who underwent routine [[paracentesis]], the [[incidence]] of active [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]] ranged from 10% to 27% at the time of hospital admission.<ref name="pmid3338704">{{cite journal | author = Runyon BA | title = Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: an explosion of information | journal = Hepatology | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 171–5 | year = 1988 | pmid = 3338704 | doi = 10.1002/hep.1840080131| url = | issn = }}</ref> | |||
* There is an increase in [[prevalence]] of [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]]in patients admitted to hospital. | |||
=== Mortality rate === | === Mortality rate === | ||
*The in-hospital mortality for SBP ranges from 10%-50% depending on many factors. | *The in-hospital [[Mortality rate|mortality]] for SBP ranges from 10%-50% depending on many factors. | ||
*Mortality is 20% even in treated SBP patients. | *[[Mortality]] is 20% even in treated SBP patients. | ||
*Overall one-year mortality rate after a first episode of SBP is 30%-93% regardless of its recurrence. | *[[Mortality rate|Overall one-year mortality]] rate after a first episode of SBP is 30%-93% regardless of its recurrence. | ||
* The effect of SBP on the mortality of cirrhotic patients with ascites is low in those surviving more than 90 days after the first SBP event.<ref name="pmid27563023">{{cite journal| author=Hung TH, Tsai CC, Hsieh YH, Tsai CC, Tseng CW, Tseng KC| title=The Effect of the First Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Event on the Mortality of Cirrhotic Patients with Ascites: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan. | journal=Gut Liver | year= 2016 | volume= 10 | issue= 5 | pages= 803-7 | pmid=27563023 | doi=10.5009/gnl13468 | pmc=5003205 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27563023 }} </ref> | * The effect of SBP on the mortality of [[Cirrhosis|cirrhotic]] patients with [[ascites]] is low in those surviving more than 90 days after the first SBP event.<ref name="pmid27563023">{{cite journal| author=Hung TH, Tsai CC, Hsieh YH, Tsai CC, Tseng CW, Tseng KC| title=The Effect of the First Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Event on the Mortality of Cirrhotic Patients with Ascites: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan. | journal=Gut Liver | year= 2016 | volume= 10 | issue= 5 | pages= 803-7 | pmid=27563023 | doi=10.5009/gnl13468 | pmc=5003205 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27563023 }} </ref> | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
| Line 28: | Line 31: | ||
===Gender=== | ===Gender=== | ||
*In patients with ascites both sexes are affected equally.<ref name="pmid26393155">{{cite journal| author=Paul K, Kaur J, Kazal HL| title=To Study the Incidence, Predictive Factors and Clinical Outcome of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients of Cirrhosis with Ascites. | journal=J Clin Diagn Res | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 7 | pages= OC09-12 | pmid=26393155 | doi=10.7860/JCDR/2015/14855.6191 | pmc=4572986 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26393155 }} </ref> | *In patients with [[ascites]] both sexes are affected equally.<ref name="pmid26393155">{{cite journal| author=Paul K, Kaur J, Kazal HL| title=To Study the Incidence, Predictive Factors and Clinical Outcome of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients of Cirrhosis with Ascites. | journal=J Clin Diagn Res | year= 2015 | volume= 9 | issue= 7 | pages= OC09-12 | pmid=26393155 | doi=10.7860/JCDR/2015/14855.6191 | pmc=4572986 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26393155 }} </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:15, 30 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shivani Chaparala M.B.B.S [2] Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [3]
Overview
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a potentially life threatening complication in patients with cirrhosis and has typically been described in hospitalized patients.The prevalence of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites admitted to the hospital ranges from 10%-30%.[1].Studies have demonstrated a 12% incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis. 2 studies examining asymptomatic patients presenting for a therapeutic paracentesis showed a combined 2.5% incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.Overall one-year mortality rate after a first episode of SBP is 30%-93% regardless of its recurrence.The mean age of presentation of SBP was 49 years.In patients with ascites both sexes are affected equally.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- The prevalence of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites admitted to the hospital ranges from 10%-30%.[2]
- About 50% of cases are present at the time of hospitalization and 50% develop during the hospitalization.
Incidence
In hospitalized patients
In outpatient clinic ED setting
- The incidence of SBP in asymptomatic patients presenting for a therapeutic paracentesis is 2.5%.[3][4]
- In patients with ascites who underwent routine paracentesis, the incidence of active spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ranged from 10% to 27% at the time of hospital admission.[5]
- There is an increase in prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitisin patients admitted to hospital.
Mortality rate
- The in-hospital mortality for SBP ranges from 10%-50% depending on many factors.
- Mortality is 20% even in treated SBP patients.
- Overall one-year mortality rate after a first episode of SBP is 30%-93% regardless of its recurrence.
- The effect of SBP on the mortality of cirrhotic patients with ascites is low in those surviving more than 90 days after the first SBP event.[6]
Age
- SBP is common in age group of 41–50 years and the mean age of presentation was 49 years.[7]
Gender
References
- ↑ Oladimeji AA, Temi AP, Adekunle AE, Taiwo RH, Ayokunle DS (2013). "Prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis with ascites". Pan Afr Med J. 15: 128. doi:10.11604/pamj.2013.15.128.2702. PMC 3830462. PMID 24255734.
- ↑ Bunchorntavakul C, Chamroonkul N, Chavalitdhamrong D (2016). "Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: A critical review and practical guidance". World J Hepatol. 8 (6): 307–21. doi:10.4254/wjh.v8.i6.307. PMC 4766259. PMID 26962397.
- ↑ Evans, L (2003). "Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in asymptomatic outpatients with cirrhotic ascites". Hepatology. 37 (4): 897–901. doi:10.1053/jhep.2003.50119. ISSN 0270-9139.
- ↑ Chinnock, Brian; Afarian, Hagop; Minnigan, Hal; Butler, Jack; Hendey, Gregory W. (2008). "Physician Clinical Impression Does Not Rule Out Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients Undergoing Emergency Department Paracentesis". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 52 (3): 268–273. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.02.016. ISSN 0196-0644.
- ↑ Runyon BA (1988). "Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: an explosion of information". Hepatology. 8 (1): 171–5. doi:10.1002/hep.1840080131. PMID 3338704.
- ↑ Hung TH, Tsai CC, Hsieh YH, Tsai CC, Tseng CW, Tseng KC (2016). "The Effect of the First Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Event on the Mortality of Cirrhotic Patients with Ascites: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan". Gut Liver. 10 (5): 803–7. doi:10.5009/gnl13468. PMC 5003205. PMID 27563023.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Paul K, Kaur J, Kazal HL (2015). "To Study the Incidence, Predictive Factors and Clinical Outcome of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients of [[Cirrhosis]] with [[Ascites]]". J Clin Diagn Res. 9 (7): OC09–12. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/14855.6191. PMC 4572986. PMID 26393155. URL–wikilink conflict (help)