Enterobiasis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 21:34, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

The symptoms of enterobiasis may include painful itching around the anus, restless sleep, poor appetite, and failure to gain weight. When the infection is heavy, there can be a secondary bacterial infection due to the irritation and scratching of the anal area.

History and Symptoms

Most of the individuals with pinworm infection are asymptomatic. The main symptoms are pruritus ani and perineal pruritus (i.e., itching in and around the anus and around the perineum). The itching occurs mainly during the night.^[1]^[2]

Common symptoms

Pruritus ani
Perineal pruritus
Perianal pain or soreness

Less common symptoms

Restlessness
Insomnia
Fatigue
Emotional instability
Enuresis
Perivulvar itch
Abdominal pain
Loss of appetite and weight (uncommon, but can occur in severe infections)

References

↑ Cook GC (1994). "Enterobius vermicularis infection". Gut. 35 (9): 1159–62. PMC 1375686. PMID 7959218.
↑ Caldwell JP (1982). "Pinworms (enterobius vermicularis)". Can Fam Physician. 28: 306–9. PMC 2306321. PMID 21286054.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid7959218-1] Cook GC (1994). "Enterobius vermicularis infection". Gut. 35 (9): 1159–62. PMC 1375686. PMID 7959218.

[pmid21286054-2] Caldwell JP (1982). "Pinworms (enterobius vermicularis)". Can Fam Physician. 28: 306–9. PMC 2306321. PMID 21286054.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Enterobiasis}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MMF}}
 ==Overview==
-The symptoms may include painful [[itching]] around the [[anus]], restless [[sleep]], poor [[appetite]], and failure to gain weight.
+The symptoms of [[enterobiasis]] may include painful itching around the anus, restless sleep, poor appetite, and failure to gain weight. When the infection is heavy, there can be a secondary bacterial infection due to the irritation and scratching of the anal area.
 ==History and Symptoms==
-One third of individuals with pinworm infection are totally [[asymptomatic]]. The main symptoms are [[pruritus ani]] and [[perineum|perineal]] [[pruritus]], i.e., [[itch]]ing in and around the anus and around the [[perineum]]. The itching occurs mainly during the night, and is caused by the female pinworms migrating to lay eggs around the anus. Both the migrating females and the clumps of eggs are irritating, but the mechanisms causing the intense [[pruritus]] have not been explained. The intensity of the itching varies, and it can be described as [[tickling]], crawling sensations, or even [[acute pain]]. The itching leads to continuously scratching the area around the anus, which can further result in tearing of the skin and complications such as [[secondary infection|secondary bacterial infections]], including [[bacterial]] [[dermatitis]] (i.e., skin inflammation) and [[folliculitis]] (i.e., hair follicle inflammation). General symptoms are [[insomnia]] (i.e., persistent difficulties to sleep) and [[psychomotor agitation|restlessness]]. A considerable proportion of children suffer from [[anorexia (symptom)|anorexia]] (i.e., loss of appetite), [[weight loss]], [[irritability]], emotional instability, and [[enuresis]] (i.e., inability to control [[urination]]).
+Most of the individuals with pinworm infection are [[asymptomatic]]. The main symptoms are [[pruritus ani]] and [[perineum|perineal]] [[pruritus]] (i.e., itching in and around the anus and around the [[perineum]]). The itching occurs mainly during the night.<ref name="pmid7959218">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cook GC |title=Enterobius vermicularis infection |journal=Gut |volume=35 |issue=9 |pages=1159–62 |year=1994 |pmid=7959218 |pmc=1375686 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21286054">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caldwell JP |title=Pinworms (enterobius vermicularis) |journal=Can Fam Physician |volume=28 |issue= |pages=306–9 |year=1982 |pmid=21286054 |pmc=2306321 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 ===Common symptoms===
-*Pruritus ani
+*[[Pruritus ani]]
-*perineal pruritus
+*Perineal pruritus
 *Perianal pain or soreness
 ===Less common symptoms===
-*Restlessness
+*[[Restlessness]]
-*Insomnia
+*[[Insomnia]]
-*Fatigue
+*[[Fatigue]]
 *Emotional instability
-*Enuresis
+*[[Enuresis]]
 *Perivulvar itch
-*Loss of appetite and weight(uncommon, but can occur in severe infections)
+*[[Abdominal pain]]
+*[[Loss of appetite]] and [[Weight loss|weight]] (uncommon, but can occur in severe infections)
-* Difficulty sleeping and restlessness due to the [[itching]] that occurs during the night.
-* Intense itching around the anus.
-* Irritability due to itching and interrupted sleep.
-* Irritated or infected skin around the anus, from constant scratching.
-* Irritation or discomfort of the [[vagina]] in young girls (if an adult worm enters the vagina rather than the anus).
-* Loss of appetite and weight (uncommon, but can occur in severe infections).
-The most common clinical manifestation of a pinworm infection is an itchy anal region. When the infection is heavy, there can be a secondary bacterial infection due to the irritation and scratching of the anal area. Often the patient will complain of teeth grinding, and insomnia due to disturbed sleep, or even [[abdominal pain]] or [[appendicitis]]. [[Infection]] of the female genital tract has been well reported.
-Pinworms cannot damage the skin, and they do not normally migrate through [[tissue (biology)|tissues]]. However, in women they may move onto the [[vulva]] and into the [[vagina]], from there moving to [[external orifice of the uterus]], and onwards to the [[uterine cavity]], [[fallopian tubes]], [[ovaries]], and [[peritoneal cavity]]. This can cause [[vulvovaginitis]], i.e. an inflammation of the vulva and vagina. This causes [[vaginal discharge]] and pruritus vulvae, i.e., [[itch]]iness of the vulva. The pinworms can also enter the [[urethra]], and presumably, they carry intestinal bacteria with them. According to Gutierrez (2000), a statistically significant correlation between pinworm infection and [[urinary tract infection]]s has been shown, however  Burkhart & Burkhart (2005) maintain that the incidence of pinworms as a cause of urinary tract infections remains unknown. Incidentally, one report indicated that 36% of young girls with [[urinary tract infection]] also had pinworms. [[Dysuria]] (i.e., painful [[urination]]) has been associated with pinworm infection.
-The relationship between pinworm infestation and [[appendicitis]] has been researched, but there is a lack of clear consensus in the matter: while Gutierres (2005) maintains that there exists a consensus that pinworms do not produce the inflammatory reaction, Cook (1994) states that it is controversial whether pinworms are causatively related to [[acute appendicitis]], and Burkhart & Burkhart (2004) state that pinworm infection causes symptoms of appendicitis to surface.
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}
+{{WH}}
+{{WS}}
 [[Category:Disease]]
@@ Line 44: / Line 36: @@
 [[Category:Nematodes]]
 [[Category:Proctology]]
+[[Category:Pediatrics]]
+[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
 [[Category:Infectious disease]]
-[[Category:Pediatrics]]
+[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
-{{WH}}
-{{WS}}