Microsporidiosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Microsporidiosis}} | {{Microsporidiosis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{ | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AY}} {{Ochuko}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The most potent risk factor in the development of microsporidiosis is [[immunodeficiency]]. Other risk factors among [[Immunodeficiency|immunodeficient]] patients include poor sanitation and contact with poultry droppings.<ref name="pmid16940873">{{cite journal| author=Didier ES, Weiss LM| title=Microsporidiosis: current status. | journal=Curr Opin Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 485-92 | pmid=16940873 | doi=10.1097/01.qco.0000244055.46382.23 | pmc=3109650 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16940873 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27405127">{{cite journal| author=Anuar TS, Bakar NH, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Moktar N, Osman E| title=PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR ASYMPTOMATIC INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS AMONG ABORIGINAL SCHOOL CHILDREN IN PAHANG, MALAYSIA. | journal=Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health | year= 2016 | volume= 47 | issue= 3 | pages= 441-9 | pmid=27405127 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27405127 }} </ref> | |||
==Risk factors== | ==Risk factors== | ||
[[Immunodeficiency]] is the most important risk factor for developing microsporidiosis. Microsporidiosis is almost always reported in immunodeficient patients. | [[Immunodeficiency]] is the most important risk factor for developing microsporidiosis. Microsporidiosis is almost always reported in [[Immunodeficiency|immunodeficient patients:]]<ref name="pmid16940873">{{cite journal| author=Didier ES, Weiss LM| title=Microsporidiosis: current status. | journal=Curr Opin Infect Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 19 | issue= 5 | pages= 485-92 | pmid=16940873 | doi=10.1097/01.qco.0000244055.46382.23 | pmc=3109650 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16940873 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27405127">{{cite journal| author=Anuar TS, Bakar NH, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Moktar N, Osman E| title=PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR ASYMPTOMATIC INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS AMONG ABORIGINAL SCHOOL CHILDREN IN PAHANG, MALAYSIA. | journal=Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health | year= 2016 | volume= 47 | issue= 3 | pages= 441-9 | pmid=27405127 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27405127 }} </ref> | ||
*People with an [[immune deficiency]] (e.g. as a result of [[AIDS]]/[[HIV]]) | *People with an [[immune deficiency]] (e.g. as a result of [[AIDS]]/[[HIV]]) | ||
*[[Organ transplantation]] patients | *[[Organ transplantation]] patients | ||
*Patients undergoing [[chemotherapy]] | *Patients undergoing [[chemotherapy]] | ||
*Patients undergoing [[radiotherapy]] | *Patients undergoing [[radiotherapy]] | ||
*[[Hematological malignancies|Hematologic | *[[Hematological malignancies|Hematologic malignancies]] | ||
===Risk factors among HIV patients=== | ===Risk factors among HIV patients=== | ||
Intestinal microsporidiosis in persons with HIV infection have been linked with:<ref name="pmid9728570">{{cite journal| author=Hutin YJ, Sombardier MN, Liguory O, Sarfati C, Derouin F, Modaï J et al.| title=Risk factors for intestinal microsporidiosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case-control study. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 1998 | volume= 178 | issue= 3 | pages= 904-7 | pmid=9728570 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9728570 }} </ref> | Intestinal microsporidiosis in persons with HIV infection have been linked with:<ref name="pmid9728570">{{cite journal| author=Hutin YJ, Sombardier MN, Liguory O, Sarfati C, Derouin F, Modaï J et al.| title=Risk factors for intestinal microsporidiosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case-control study. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 1998 | volume= 178 | issue= 3 | pages= 904-7 | pmid=9728570 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9728570 }} </ref> | ||
* | *[[Immunodeficiency|Severe immunodeficiency]] with [[CD4|CD4<sup>+</sup>]] count <100 | ||
* | *[[Homosexual|Male homosexuality]] | ||
* | *Swimming in pools | ||
*Poor [[sanitation]] | |||
*Contact with poultry droppings | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2] Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [3]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of microsporidiosis is immunodeficiency. Other risk factors among immunodeficient patients include poor sanitation and contact with poultry droppings.[1][2]
Risk factors
Immunodeficiency is the most important risk factor for developing microsporidiosis. Microsporidiosis is almost always reported in immunodeficient patients:[1][2]
- People with an immune deficiency (e.g. as a result of AIDS/HIV)
- Organ transplantation patients
- Patients undergoing chemotherapy
- Patients undergoing radiotherapy
- Hematologic malignancies
Risk factors among HIV patients
Intestinal microsporidiosis in persons with HIV infection have been linked with:[3]
- Severe immunodeficiency with CD4+ count <100
- Male homosexuality
- Swimming in pools
- Poor sanitation
- Contact with poultry droppings
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Didier ES, Weiss LM (2006). "Microsporidiosis: current status". Curr Opin Infect Dis. 19 (5): 485–92. doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000244055.46382.23. PMC 3109650. PMID 16940873.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Anuar TS, Bakar NH, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Moktar N, Osman E (2016). "PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR ASYMPTOMATIC INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS AMONG ABORIGINAL SCHOOL CHILDREN IN PAHANG, MALAYSIA". Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 47 (3): 441–9. PMID 27405127.
- ↑ Hutin YJ, Sombardier MN, Liguory O, Sarfati C, Derouin F, Modaï J; et al. (1998). "Risk factors for intestinal microsporidiosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case-control study". J Infect Dis. 178 (3): 904–7. PMID 9728570.