Systemic lupus erythematosus risk factors: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
 
(9 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Systemic lupus erythematosus}}
{{Systemic lupus erythematosus}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MIR}}, {{RT}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
The most potent [[risk factor]] in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus is sex.<ref name="pmid16896282">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grimaldi CM |title=Sex and systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of the sex hormones estrogen and prolactin on the regulation of autoreactive B cells |journal=Curr Opin Rheumatol |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=456–61 |year=2006 |pmid=16896282 |doi=10.1097/01.bor.0000240354.37927.dd |url=}}</ref>  Other risk factors include [[HLA]] [[genetic mutations]], being African Americans, Asians, and non-Causcasian, and previous exposure to some special [[Infection|infections]].
The most potent [[risk factor]] in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus is gender; females are more likely to develop SLE.<ref name="pmid168962824">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grimaldi CM |title=Sex and systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of the sex hormones estrogen and prolactin on the regulation of autoreactive B cells |journal=Curr Opin Rheumatol |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=456–61 |year=2006 |pmid=16896282 |doi=10.1097/01.bor.0000240354.37927.dd |url=}}</ref>  Other risk factors include [[HLA]] [[genetic mutations]]; being African American, Asian, or non-Causcasian; and previous exposure to certain [[Infection|infections]].


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
The underlying cause of this autoimmune disease is not clear. Clinical data shows that the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with the following factors:
The underlying cause of this autoimmune disease is not clear. Clinical data suggests that the onset of [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] is associated with the following factors:
* Female: SLE affects women nine times more than men<ref name="urlNIH Fact Sheets - Lupus">{{cite web |url=https://report.nih.gov/NIHfactsheets/ViewFactSheet.aspx?csid=47 |title=NIH Fact Sheets - Lupus |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid168962822">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grimaldi CM |title=Sex and systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of the sex hormones estrogen and prolactin on the regulation of autoreactive B cells |journal=Curr Opin Rheumatol |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=456–61 |year=2006 |pmid=16896282 |doi=10.1097/01.bor.0000240354.37927.dd |url=}}</ref>
* Female gender: [[SLE]] affects women nine times more than men<ref name="urlNIH Fact Sheets - Lupus">{{cite web |url=https://report.nih.gov/NIHfactsheets/ViewFactSheet.aspx?csid=47 |title=NIH Fact Sheets - Lupus |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid168962822">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grimaldi CM |title=Sex and systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of the sex hormones estrogen and prolactin on the regulation of autoreactive B cells |journal=Curr Opin Rheumatol |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=456–61 |year=2006 |pmid=16896282 |doi=10.1097/01.bor.0000240354.37927.dd |url=}}</ref>
* Age younger than 50
* Age: Occurs more commonly in people younger than 50
* Race: African Americans, Asians, and non-Causcasian race are affected more often than people from other races<ref name="pmid7575721">{{cite journal |vauthors=McCarty DJ, Manzi S, Medsger TA, Ramsey-Goldman R, LaPorte RE, Kwoh CK |title=Incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. Race and gender differences |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=1260–70 |year=1995 |pmid=7575721 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Race: African Americans, Asians, and other non-Causcasians are affected more often than people of other races<ref name="pmid7575721">{{cite journal |vauthors=McCarty DJ, Manzi S, Medsger TA, Ramsey-Goldman R, LaPorte RE, Kwoh CK |title=Incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. Race and gender differences |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=38 |issue=9 |pages=1260–70 |year=1995 |pmid=7575721 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Drugs:
* Drugs: The following drugs carry the greatest risk of developing [[drug-induced lupus erythematosus]]
** [[chlorpromazine]]
** [[Chlorpromazine]]
** [[hydralazine]]
** [[Hydralazine]]
** [[isoniazid]]
** [[Isoniazid]]
** [[methyldopa]]
** [[Methyldopa]]
** [[penicillamine]]
** [[Penicillamine]]
** [[procainamide]]
** [[Procainamide]]
** [[quinidine]]
** [[Quinidine]]
** [[sulfasalazine]]
** [[Sulfasalazine]]
*** These drugs are the most high risk drugs in developing [[drug-induced lupus erythematosus]]
* Familial history of:
* Familial history of:
** [[SLE]]
** [[SLE]]
** [[rheumatoid arthritis]]
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
** [[thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
** [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]


* Infections can stimulates some antigen specific cells and lead to SLE disease:
* Infections can stimulate some antigen specific cells and lead to SLE disease:
** [[Epstein Barr virus|Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)]]: may induce anti-DNA antibodies or even lupus-like symptoms. It is associated with higher risk of SLE and also triggering the active course of disease in children<ref name="pmid23342374">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lossius A, Johansen JN, Torkildsen Ø, Vartdal F, Holmøy T |title=Epstein-Barr virus in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis—association and causation |journal=Viruses |volume=4 |issue=12 |pages=3701–30 |year=2012 |pmid=23342374 |pmc=3528287 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** [[Epstein Barr virus|Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)]] may induce anti-DNA antibodies or even lupus-like symptoms. It is associated with higher risk of SLE and also triggering the active course of disease in children<ref name="pmid23342374">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lossius A, Johansen JN, Torkildsen Ø, Vartdal F, Holmøy T |title=Epstein-Barr virus in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis—association and causation |journal=Viruses |volume=4 |issue=12 |pages=3701–30 |year=2012 |pmid=23342374 |pmc=3528287 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** [[Trypanosomiasis]] or [[mycobacterial]] infections may have the same effect as EBV
** [[Trypanosomiasis]] or [[mycobacterial]] infections may have the same effect as [[EBV]]
* [[Ultraviolet]] (UV) light  
* [[Ultraviolet]] (UV) light  
* [[Cigarette smoking]] <ref name="pmid11708417">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghaussy NO, Sibbitt WL, Qualls CR |title=Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study |journal=J. Rheumatol. |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=2449–53 |year=2001 |pmid=11708417 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* [[Cigarette smoking]]<ref name="pmid11708417">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghaussy NO, Sibbitt WL, Qualls CR |title=Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study |journal=J. Rheumatol. |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=2449–53 |year=2001 |pmid=11708417 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Crystalline silica exposure in work environment (e.g. cleaning powders, soil, pottery materials, cement etc.) <ref name="pmid12124868">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parks CG, Cooper GS, Nylander-French LA, Sanderson WT, Dement JM, Cohen PL, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS, Hoppin JA, Savitz DA |title=Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based, case-control study in the southeastern United States |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=46 |issue=7 |pages=1840–50 |year=2002 |pmid=12124868 |doi=10.1002/art.10368 |url=}}</ref>
* Crystalline silica exposure in work environment (e.g. cleaning powders, soil, pottery materials, cement, etc.)<ref name="pmid12124868">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parks CG, Cooper GS, Nylander-French LA, Sanderson WT, Dement JM, Cohen PL, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS, Hoppin JA, Savitz DA |title=Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based, case-control study in the southeastern United States |journal=Arthritis Rheum. |volume=46 |issue=7 |pages=1840–50 |year=2002 |pmid=12124868 |doi=10.1002/art.10368 |url=}}</ref>
* [[Drug allergy]] <ref name="pmid12464374">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS |title=Risk factors for development of systemic lupus erythematosus: allergies, infections, and family history |journal=J Clin Epidemiol |volume=55 |issue=10 |pages=982–9 |year=2002 |pmid=12464374 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* [[Drug allergy]]<ref name="pmid12464374">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS |title=Risk factors for development of systemic lupus erythematosus: allergies, infections, and family history |journal=J Clin Epidemiol |volume=55 |issue=10 |pages=982–9 |year=2002 |pmid=12464374 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Caring a pet (especially pet dog)
* Caring for a pet (especially a dog)


===== Protection =====
* This table must include the cardinal manifestations of differential diagnosis and the list of diseases must be prioritize based on mortality rate and  prevalences of the diseases. For example, if you want to write a differential diagnosis table for heat stroke, sepsis, malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and serotonin syndrome first, you need to mention the cardinal manifestations for these conditions as, hyperthermia and altered mental status. Second, prioritize your list based on disease mortality or prevalence then, create the table. You can find the example [[Heat stroke differential diagnosis#Differentiating Heat stroke from other Diseases that may cause hyperthermia and altered mental status|here]].
Moderate alcohol drinking might be protective for SLE. <ref name="pmid18795396">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang J, Pan HF, Ye DQ, Su H, Li XP |title=Moderate alcohol drinking might be protective for systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Clin. Rheumatol. |volume=27 |issue=12 |pages=1557–63 |year=2008 |pmid=18795396 |doi=10.1007/s10067-008-1004-z |url=}}</ref>


{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 1000px" align="center"
| valign="top" |
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Differential Diagnosis}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Similar Features}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Differentiating Features}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |Differential 1
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |Differential 2
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |Differential 3
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |Differential 4
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |Differential 5
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].
|}
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 14:42, 19 October 2018

Systemic lupus erythematosus Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Systemic lupus erythematosus from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Lupus and Quality of Life

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Systemic lupus erythematosus risk factors On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Systemic lupus erythematosus risk factors

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Systemic lupus erythematosus risk factors

on Systemic lupus erythematosus risk factors

Systemic lupus erythematosus risk factors in the news

Blogs onSystemic lupus erythematosus risk factors

Directions to Hospitals Treating Systemic lupus erythematosus

Risk calculators and risk factors for Systemic lupus erythematosus risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2], Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]

Overview

The most potent risk factor in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus is gender; females are more likely to develop SLE.[1] Other risk factors include HLA genetic mutations; being African American, Asian, or non-Causcasian; and previous exposure to certain infections.

Risk Factors

The underlying cause of this autoimmune disease is not clear. Clinical data suggests that the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with the following factors:

  • Infections can stimulate some antigen specific cells and lead to SLE disease:
  • Ultraviolet (UV) light
  • Cigarette smoking[6]
  • Crystalline silica exposure in work environment (e.g. cleaning powders, soil, pottery materials, cement, etc.)[7]
  • Drug allergy[8]
  • Caring for a pet (especially a dog)
  • This table must include the cardinal manifestations of differential diagnosis and the list of diseases must be prioritize based on mortality rate and prevalences of the diseases. For example, if you want to write a differential diagnosis table for heat stroke, sepsis, malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and serotonin syndrome first, you need to mention the cardinal manifestations for these conditions as, hyperthermia and altered mental status. Second, prioritize your list based on disease mortality or prevalence then, create the table. You can find the example here.
Differential Diagnosis Similar Features Differentiating Features
Differential 1
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].
Differential 2
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].
Differential 3
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].
Differential 4
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].
Differential 5
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] also observed in [disease name].
  • On [physical exam; history; diagnostic test; imaging], [Differential 1] {has; demonstrates} [feature 1], [feature 2], [feature 3] that distinguish it from [disease name].

References

  1. ↑ Grimaldi CM (2006). "Sex and systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of the sex hormones estrogen and prolactin on the regulation of autoreactive B cells". Curr Opin Rheumatol. 18 (5): 456–61. doi:10.1097/01.bor.0000240354.37927.dd. PMID 16896282.
  2. ↑ "NIH Fact Sheets - Lupus".
  3. ↑ Grimaldi CM (2006). "Sex and systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of the sex hormones estrogen and prolactin on the regulation of autoreactive B cells". Curr Opin Rheumatol. 18 (5): 456–61. doi:10.1097/01.bor.0000240354.37927.dd. PMID 16896282.
  4. ↑ McCarty DJ, Manzi S, Medsger TA, Ramsey-Goldman R, LaPorte RE, Kwoh CK (1995). "Incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. Race and gender differences". Arthritis Rheum. 38 (9): 1260–70. PMID 7575721.
  5. ↑ Lossius A, Johansen JN, Torkildsen Ø, Vartdal F, Holmøy T (2012). "Epstein-Barr virus in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis—association and causation". Viruses. 4 (12): 3701–30. PMC 3528287. PMID 23342374.
  6. ↑ Ghaussy NO, Sibbitt WL, Qualls CR (2001). "Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study". J. Rheumatol. 28 (11): 2449–53. PMID 11708417.
  7. ↑ Parks CG, Cooper GS, Nylander-French LA, Sanderson WT, Dement JM, Cohen PL, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS, Hoppin JA, Savitz DA (2002). "Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based, case-control study in the southeastern United States". Arthritis Rheum. 46 (7): 1840–50. doi:10.1002/art.10368. PMID 12124868.
  8. ↑ Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS (2002). "Risk factors for development of systemic lupus erythematosus: allergies, infections, and family history". J Clin Epidemiol. 55 (10): 982–9. PMID 12464374.

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Systemic_lupus_erythematosus_risk_factors&oldid=1498689"