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__NOTOC__
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{{Systemic lupus erythematosus}}
{{Systemic lupus erythematosus}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MIR}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Other imaging systems that can be used for diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus complications include: Fibreoptic [[bronchoscopy]] , double-contrast technique for evaluation of [[gastritis]], [[scintigraphy]] for [[hepatobiliary system]] evaluation, [[Scintigraphy|bone scintigraphy]] and [[Bone scan|bone scans]] to evaluate late bone related complications.
Another imaging modality that can be used for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus complications is the double-contrast technique for [[gastritis]] evaluation. Another imaging technique that can be helpful in the diagnosis of SLE complications, especially early manifestations, is the [[Technetium-99m]] scan. It can be used in different ways, including [[Scintigraphy|bone scintigraphy]] and [[Bone scan|bone scans]] to evaluate early and late [[bone]] complications, and for early evaluation of other organ complications including [[cardiac]], [[Hepatobiliary disease|hepatobiliary]], and [[pulmonary]] complications.


==Other Imaging Findings==
==Other Imaging Findings==
* Fibreoptic [[bronchoscopy]] with [[Bronchoalveolar lavage|bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)]] and transbronchial lung biopsies:<ref name="pmid16409858">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shen M, Wang Y, Xu WB, Zeng XJ, Zhang FC |title=[Pleuropulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus] |language=Chinese |journal=Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi |volume=85 |issue=48 |pages=3392–5 |year=2005 |pmid=16409858 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9187214">{{cite journal |vauthors=Susanto I, Peters JI |title=Acute lupus pneumonitis with normal chest radiograph |journal=Chest |volume=111 |issue=6 |pages=1781–3 |year=1997 |pmid=9187214 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16409858">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shen M, Wang Y, Xu WB, Zeng XJ, Zhang FC |title=[Pleuropulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus] |language=Chinese |journal=Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi |volume=85 |issue=48 |pages=3392–5 |year=2005 |pmid=16409858 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Upper [[gastrointestinal]] [[Esophagogram|barium study]]:<ref name="pmid9833786">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hizawa K, Iida M, Aoyagi K, Jo Y, Matsumoto T, Yao T, Yao T, Fujishima M |title=Double-contrast radiographic assessment of lupus-associated enteropathy |journal=Clin Radiol |volume=53 |issue=11 |pages=825–9 |year=1998 |pmid=9833786 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** To substantiate the diagnosis of alveolar hemorrhage
* Upper gastrointestinal barium study:<ref name="pmid9833786">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hizawa K, Iida M, Aoyagi K, Jo Y, Matsumoto T, Yao T, Yao T, Fujishima M |title=Double-contrast radiographic assessment of lupus-associated enteropathy |journal=Clin Radiol |volume=53 |issue=11 |pages=825–9 |year=1998 |pmid=9833786 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** In patients who represent with [[esophagitis]] due to SLE
** In patients who represent with [[esophagitis]] due to SLE
** Possible findings include:
** Possible findings include:
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* Double contrast technique:<ref name="pmid9833786">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hizawa K, Iida M, Aoyagi K, Jo Y, Matsumoto T, Yao T, Yao T, Fujishima M |title=Double-contrast radiographic assessment of lupus-associated enteropathy |journal=Clin Radiol |volume=53 |issue=11 |pages=825–9 |year=1998 |pmid=9833786 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Double contrast technique:<ref name="pmid9833786">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hizawa K, Iida M, Aoyagi K, Jo Y, Matsumoto T, Yao T, Yao T, Fujishima M |title=Double-contrast radiographic assessment of lupus-associated enteropathy |journal=Clin Radiol |volume=53 |issue=11 |pages=825–9 |year=1998 |pmid=9833786 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** In the presence of [[gastritis]] or [[peptic ulcers]], for evaluation of [[stomach]] and [[duodenum]]
** In the presence of [[gastritis]] or [[peptic ulcers]], for evaluation of [[stomach]] and [[duodenum]]
* [[Scintigraphy]] imaging:<ref name="pmid26825210">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tsai SC, Hsieh TY, Huang PW, Lin WY |title=Absolute Quantitative Evaluation of 67Ga Scintigraphy in Lupus Nephritis |journal=Clin Nucl Med |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=442–6 |year=2016 |pmid=26825210 |doi=10.1097/RLU.0000000000001108 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9712384">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lin WY, Cheng KY, Wang SJ |title=Ga-67 scintigraphy in lupus nephritis |journal=Clin Nucl Med |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=517–20 |year=1998 |pmid=9712384 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
** In the presence of [[acute cholecystitis]] symptoms
===== [[Technetium-99m]] scan =====
** Findings include:
* Bone scan/[[Scintigraphy|Bone scintigraphy]]:<ref name="pmid3247661">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tsurko VV, Ivanova MM, Sysoev VF, Pushkova OV, Badokina GI |title=[Clinico-instrumental methods of diagnosing aseptic femur head necrosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus] |language=Russian |journal=Ter. Arkh. |volume=60 |issue=12 |pages=77–9 |year=1988 |pmid=3247661 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9330932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Van de Wiele C, Van den Bosch F, Mielants H, Simons M, Veys EM, Dierckx RA |title=Bone scintigraphy of the hands in early stage lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis |journal=J. Rheumatol. |volume=24 |issue=10 |pages=1916–21 |year=1997 |pmid=9330932 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*** Gallbladder wall thickening
** Photopenic areas will be seen primarily that will eventually progress to [[osteoblasts]] activity and increased [[radiotracer]] uptake at the margins of the [[infarction]]
*** Nonfunctioning [[gallbladder]] at [[hepatobiliary system]]
**Hand [[scintigraphy]] may be useful to differentiate SLE from [[RA]] in early stage disease<ref name="pmid9330932" />
* [[Scintigraphy|Bone scintigraphy]]:<ref name="pmid9330932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Van de Wiele C, Van den Bosch F, Mielants H, Simons M, Veys EM, Dierckx RA |title=Bone scintigraphy of the hands in early stage lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis |journal=J. Rheumatol. |volume=24 |issue=10 |pages=1916–21 |year=1997 |pmid=9330932 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** Non specific
**Hand [[scintigraphy]] may be useful to differentiate SLE from RA in early stage disease<ref name="pmid9330932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Van de Wiele C, Van den Bosch F, Mielants H, Simons M, Veys EM, Dierckx RA |title=Bone scintigraphy of the hands in early stage lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis |journal=J. Rheumatol. |volume=24 |issue=10 |pages=1916–21 |year=1997 |pmid=9330932 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** May show:
** May show:
*** [[Hyperemia]] of the affected bone
*** [[Hyperemia]] of the affected bone
*** [[Osteogenesis]] due to [[Avascular necrosis|avascular necrosis (AVN)]]
*** [[Osteogenesis]] due to [[Avascular necrosis|avascular necrosis (AVN)]]
 
*** An abnormal [[intraosseous]] [[Phlebology|phlebogram]]
===== [[Technetium-99m]] scan =====
*** Elevated [[intramedullary]] pressure
* Bone scan:<ref name="pmid3247661">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tsurko VV, Ivanova MM, Sysoev VF, Pushkova OV, Badokina GI |title=[Clinico-instrumental methods of diagnosing aseptic femur head necrosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus] |language=Russian |journal=Ter. Arkh. |volume=60 |issue=12 |pages=77–9 |year=1988 |pmid=3247661 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Rest 99mTc-sestamibi SPET/[[Scintigraphy]] imaging:<ref name="pmid26825210">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tsai SC, Hsieh TY, Huang PW, Lin WY |title=Absolute Quantitative Evaluation of 67Ga Scintigraphy in Lupus Nephritis |journal=Clin Nucl Med |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=442–6 |year=2016 |pmid=26825210 |doi=10.1097/RLU.0000000000001108 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9712384">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lin WY, Cheng KY, Wang SJ |title=Ga-67 scintigraphy in lupus nephritis |journal=Clin Nucl Med |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=517–20 |year=1998 |pmid=9712384 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** Photopenic areas will be seen primarily that will eventually progress to [[osteoblasts]] activity and increased [[radiotracer]] uptake at the margins of the [[infarction]]
** An abnormal [[intraosseous]] [[Phlebology|phlebogram]] may be diagnostic
** May demonstrate elevated [[intramedullary]] pressure
* Rest 99mTc-sestamibi SPET:
** A non-invasive method to identify subclinical [[myocardial]] involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus<ref name="pmid10398819">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schillaci O, Laganà B, Danieli R, Gentile R, Tubani L, Baratta L, Scopinaro F |title=Technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission tomography detects subclinical myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus |journal=Eur J Nucl Med |volume=26 |issue=7 |pages=713–7 |year=1999 |pmid=10398819 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10063945">{{cite journal |vauthors=Laganà B, Schillaci O, Tubani L, Gentile R, Danieli R, Coviello R, Baratta L, Scopinaro F |title=Lupus carditis: evaluation with technetium-99m MIBI myocardial SPECT and heart rate variability |journal=Angiology |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=143–8 |year=1999 |pmid=10063945 |doi=10.1177/000331979905000208 |url=}}</ref>
** A non-invasive method to identify subclinical [[myocardial]] involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus<ref name="pmid10398819">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schillaci O, Laganà B, Danieli R, Gentile R, Tubani L, Baratta L, Scopinaro F |title=Technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission tomography detects subclinical myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus |journal=Eur J Nucl Med |volume=26 |issue=7 |pages=713–7 |year=1999 |pmid=10398819 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10063945">{{cite journal |vauthors=Laganà B, Schillaci O, Tubani L, Gentile R, Danieli R, Coviello R, Baratta L, Scopinaro F |title=Lupus carditis: evaluation with technetium-99m MIBI myocardial SPECT and heart rate variability |journal=Angiology |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=143–8 |year=1999 |pmid=10063945 |doi=10.1177/000331979905000208 |url=}}</ref>
** Identify patients potentially at risk of later [[cardiac]] events<ref name="pmid10398819" />
** Identify patients potentially at risk of later [[cardiac]] events<ref name="pmid10398819" />
** Diagnostic in the degree of [[Pulmonary|pulmonary injury]] in patients<ref name="pmid11961428">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shih CM, Shiau YC, Wang JJ, Ho ST, Kao A |title=Increased lung uptake of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime in systemic lupus erythematosus |journal=Respiration |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=143–7 |year=2002 |pmid=11961428 |doi=56317 |url=}}</ref>
** Diagnostic in the degree of [[Pulmonary|pulmonary injury]] in patients<ref name="pmid11961428">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shih CM, Shiau YC, Wang JJ, Ho ST, Kao A |title=Increased lung uptake of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime in systemic lupus erythematosus |journal=Respiration |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=143–7 |year=2002 |pmid=11961428 |doi=56317 |url=}}</ref>
** In the presence of [[acute cholecystitis]] symptoms, findings include:
*** [[Gallbladder]] wall thickening
*** Nonfunctioning [[gallbladder]] at [[hepatobiliary system]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:21, 1 February 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]

Overview

Another imaging modality that can be used for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus complications is the double-contrast technique for gastritis evaluation. Another imaging technique that can be helpful in the diagnosis of SLE complications, especially early manifestations, is the Technetium-99m scan. It can be used in different ways, including bone scintigraphy and bone scans to evaluate early and late bone complications, and for early evaluation of other organ complications including cardiac, hepatobiliary, and pulmonary complications.

Other Imaging Findings

Technetium-99m scan

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hizawa K, Iida M, Aoyagi K, Jo Y, Matsumoto T, Yao T, Yao T, Fujishima M (1998). "Double-contrast radiographic assessment of lupus-associated enteropathy". Clin Radiol. 53 (11): 825–9. PMID 9833786.
  2. ↑ Tsurko VV, Ivanova MM, Sysoev VF, Pushkova OV, Badokina GI (1988). "[Clinico-instrumental methods of diagnosing aseptic femur head necrosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]". Ter. Arkh. (in Russian). 60 (12): 77–9. PMID 3247661.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Van de Wiele C, Van den Bosch F, Mielants H, Simons M, Veys EM, Dierckx RA (1997). "Bone scintigraphy of the hands in early stage lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis". J. Rheumatol. 24 (10): 1916–21. PMID 9330932.
  4. ↑ Tsai SC, Hsieh TY, Huang PW, Lin WY (2016). "Absolute Quantitative Evaluation of 67Ga Scintigraphy in Lupus Nephritis". Clin Nucl Med. 41 (6): 442–6. doi:10.1097/RLU.0000000000001108. PMID 26825210.
  5. ↑ Lin WY, Cheng KY, Wang SJ (1998). "Ga-67 scintigraphy in lupus nephritis". Clin Nucl Med. 23 (8): 517–20. PMID 9712384.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Schillaci O, Laganà B, Danieli R, Gentile R, Tubani L, Baratta L, Scopinaro F (1999). "Technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission tomography detects subclinical myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". Eur J Nucl Med. 26 (7): 713–7. PMID 10398819.
  7. ↑ Laganà B, Schillaci O, Tubani L, Gentile R, Danieli R, Coviello R, Baratta L, Scopinaro F (1999). "Lupus carditis: evaluation with technetium-99m MIBI myocardial SPECT and heart rate variability". Angiology. 50 (2): 143–8. doi:10.1177/000331979905000208. PMID 10063945.
  8. ↑ Shih CM, Shiau YC, Wang JJ, Ho ST, Kao A (2002). "Increased lung uptake of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime in systemic lupus erythematosus". Respiration. 69 (2): 143–7. doi:56317 Check |doi= value (help). PMID 11961428.

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