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*The oldest known case of hyperparathyroidism was found in a cadaver from a Early Neolithic cemetery in southwest Germany.<ref name="pmid15632333">{{cite journal |author=Zink AR, Panzer S, Fesq-Martin M, Burger-Heinrich E, Wahl J, Nerlich AG |title=Evidence for a 7000-year-old case of primary hyperparathyroidism |journal=JAMA |volume=293 |issue=1 |pages=40-2 |year=2005 |pmid=15632333 |doi=10.1001/jama.293.1.40-c}}</ref>
*The oldest known case of hyperparathyroidism was found in a cadaver from a Early Neolithic cemetery in southwest Germany.<ref name="pmid15632333">{{cite journal |author=Zink AR, Panzer S, Fesq-Martin M, Burger-Heinrich E, Wahl J, Nerlich AG |title=Evidence for a 7000-year-old case of primary hyperparathyroidism |journal=JAMA |volume=293 |issue=1 |pages=40-2 |year=2005 |pmid=15632333 |doi=10.1001/jama.293.1.40-c}}</ref>
* In 1852, Sir Richard Owen, Hunterian Professor and Conservator of the Museum in the Royal College of Surgeons of England, described [[parathyroids]] in rhinoceros.<ref name="pmid15459265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Modarai B, Sawyer A, Ellis H |title=The glands of Owen |journal=J R Soc Med |volume=97 |issue=10 |pages=494–5 |year=2004 |pmid=15459265 |pmc=1079622 |doi=10.1258/jrsm.97.10.494 |url=}}</ref>
* In 1852, Sir Richard Owen, Hunterian Professor and Conservator of the Museum in the Royal College of Surgeons of England, described [[parathyroids]] in rhinoceros.<ref name="pmid15459265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Modarai B, Sawyer A, Ellis H |title=The glands of Owen |journal=J R Soc Med |volume=97 |issue=10 |pages=494–5 |year=2004 |pmid=15459265 |pmc=1079622 |doi=10.1258/jrsm.97.10.494 |url=}}</ref>
* In 1880, Ivar Sandström, a Swedish anatomist, described [[parathyroids]] in human following 50 autopsies. He found two [[parathyroid]] glands bilaterally in 43 out of 50 autopsies.<ref name="pmid25913489">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johansson H |title=The Uppsala anatomist Ivar Sandström and the parathyroid gland |journal=Ups. J. Med. Sci. |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=72–7 |year=2015 |pmid=25913489 |pmc=4463479 |doi=10.3109/03009734.2015.1027426 |url=}}</ref>
* In 1880, Ivar Sandström, a Swedish anatomist, described [[parathyroids]] in human following 50 [[autopsies]]. He found two [[Parathyroid gland|parathyroid glands]] bilaterally in 43 out of 50 [[autopsies]].<ref name="pmid25913489">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johansson H |title=The Uppsala anatomist Ivar Sandström and the parathyroid gland |journal=Ups. J. Med. Sci. |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=72–7 |year=2015 |pmid=25913489 |pmc=4463479 |doi=10.3109/03009734.2015.1027426 |url=}}</ref>
* In 1891, Friedrich van Rechlinghausen, a German pathologist described 'osteitis fibrosa cystica' (the parathyroid cystic bone disease).<ref name="pmid25913489" />
* In 1891, Friedrich van Rechlinghausen, a German [[pathologist]] described '[[osteitis fibrosa cystica]]' (the [[parathyroid]] cystic bone disease).<ref name="pmid25913489" />
* In 1909, William George MacCallum and Carl Voegtlin, demonstrated association between [[parathyroid gland]], [[calcium]], and [[tetany]].<ref name="pmid19867238">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maccallum WG, Voegtlin C |title=ON THE RELATION OF TETANY TO THE PARATHYROID GLANDS AND TO CALCIUM METABOLISM |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=118–51 |year=1909 |pmid=19867238 |pmc=2124703 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* In 1909, William George MacCallum and Carl Voegtlin, demonstrated association between [[parathyroid gland]], [[calcium]], and [[tetany]].<ref name="pmid19867238">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maccallum WG, Voegtlin C |title=ON THE RELATION OF TETANY TO THE PARATHYROID GLANDS AND TO CALCIUM METABOLISM |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=118–51 |year=1909 |pmid=19867238 |pmc=2124703 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* In 1924, James Bertram Collip, a Canadian biochemist, discovered and extracted [[parathormone]].<ref>{{cite journal |author = Collip, J. B.|title = THE EXTRACTION OF A PARATHYROID HORMONE WHICH WILL PREVENT OR CONTROL PARATHYROID TETANY AND WHICH REGULATES THE LEVEL OF BLOOD CALCIUM|volume = 63|number = 2|pages = 395-438|year = 1925|URL = http://www.jbc.org/content/63/2/395.short|journal = Journal of Biological Chemistry}}</ref>  
* In 1924, James Bertram Collip, a Canadian [[Biochemists|biochemist]], discovered and extracted [[parathormone]].<ref>{{cite journal |author = Collip, J. B.|title = THE EXTRACTION OF A PARATHYROID HORMONE WHICH WILL PREVENT OR CONTROL PARATHYROID TETANY AND WHICH REGULATES THE LEVEL OF BLOOD CALCIUM|volume = 63|number = 2|pages = 395-438|year = 1925|URL = http://www.jbc.org/content/63/2/395.short|journal = Journal of Biological Chemistry}}</ref>  
* In 1932, L. I. Pugsley AND Hans Selye described the histological changes in the [[bone]] responsible for action of [[parathyroid hormone]] and [[calcium metabolism]] in rat experiments. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=PUGSLEY |first1=L. I. |last2=SELYE |first2=HANS |date=July 28, 1933 |title=THE HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE BONE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACTION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE ON THE CALCIUM METABOLISM OF THE RAT.|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.1933.sp003032/pdf |journal=The Journal of Physiology |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=113-117 |doi= |access-date= }}</ref>
* In 1932, L. I. Pugsley and Hans Selye, described the [[histological]] changes in the [[bone]] due to [[parathyroid hormone]] action and [[calcium metabolism]] in rat experiments. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=PUGSLEY |first1=L. I. |last2=SELYE |first2=HANS |date=July 28, 1933 |title=THE HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE BONE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACTION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE ON THE CALCIUM METABOLISM OF THE RAT.|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.1933.sp003032/pdf |journal=The Journal of Physiology |volume=79 |issue=1 |pages=113-117 |doi= |access-date= }}</ref>
* In 1948, Nigel Ashworth Barnicot, an English anthropologist described the association between [[parathyroid hormone]] and [[bone]] [[resorption]].<ref name="pmid18113751">{{cite journal |vauthors=BARNICOT NA |title=The local action of the parathyroid and other tissues on bone in intracerebral grafts |journal=J. Anat. |volume=82 |issue=Pt. 4 |pages=233–48 |year=1948 |pmid=18113751 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* In 1948, Nigel Ashworth Barnicot, an English anthropologist described the association between [[parathyroid hormone]] and [[bone]] [[resorption]].<ref name="pmid18113751">{{cite journal |vauthors=BARNICOT NA |title=The local action of the parathyroid and other tissues on bone in intracerebral grafts |journal=J. Anat. |volume=82 |issue=Pt. 4 |pages=233–48 |year=1948 |pmid=18113751 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* In the same year, Iftakhar Jahan and Robert F. Pitts described effect of [[parathyroid hormone]] in decreasing [[calcium]] and [[magnesium]] [[excretion]].<ref name="pmid18102666">{{cite journal |vauthors=JAHAN I, PITTS RF |title=Effect of parathyroid on renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate and calcium |journal=Am. J. Physiol. |volume=155 |issue=1 |pages=42–9 |year=1948 |pmid=18102666 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* In the same year, Iftakhar Jahan and Robert F. Pitts described effect of [[parathyroid hormone]] in decreasing [[calcium]] and [[magnesium]] [[excretion]].<ref name="pmid18102666">{{cite journal |vauthors=JAHAN I, PITTS RF |title=Effect of parathyroid on renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate and calcium |journal=Am. J. Physiol. |volume=155 |issue=1 |pages=42–9 |year=1948 |pmid=18102666 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* In 1959, Howard Rasmussen and Lyman C. Craig at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research purified [[parathyroid hormone]].<ref name="RasmussenCraig1959">{{cite journal|last1=Rasmussen|first1=Howard|last2=Craig|first2=Lyman C.|title=PURIFICATION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE BY USE OF COUNTERCURRENT DISTRIBUTION|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=81|issue=18|year=1959|pages=5003–5003|issn=0002-7863|doi=10.1021/ja01527a066}}</ref> They also isolated the active [[polypeptide]] (parathormone B) from bovine [[parathyroid gland]] and gave its tentative formula in 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal||last1=Rasmussen|first1=Howard|last2=Craig|first2=Lyman C.|title = Isolation of a Parathyroid Polypeptide from Acetic Acid Extracts of Bovine Parathyroid Glands|volume = 236| number = 4|pages = 1083-1086|year = 1961|URL = http://www.jbc.org/content/236/4/1083.short|journal = {Journal of Biological Chemistry}}</ref>
* In 1959, Howard Rasmussen and Lyman C. Craig at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research purified [[parathyroid hormone]].<ref name="RasmussenCraig1959">{{cite journal|last1=Rasmussen|first1=Howard|last2=Craig|first2=Lyman C.|title=PURIFICATION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE BY USE OF COUNTERCURRENT DISTRIBUTION|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=81|issue=18|year=1959|pages=5003–5003|issn=0002-7863|doi=10.1021/ja01527a066}}</ref> They also isolated the active [[polypeptide]] (parathormone B) from bovine [[parathyroid gland]] and gave its tentative formula in 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal||last1=Rasmussen|first1=Howard|last2=Craig|first2=Lyman C.|title = Isolation of a Parathyroid Polypeptide from Acetic Acid Extracts of Bovine Parathyroid Glands|volume = 236| number = 4|pages = 1083-1086|year = 1961|URL = http://www.jbc.org/content/236/4/1083.short|journal = {Journal of Biological Chemistry}}</ref>


==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies==
===Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies===
*In 1925, James Bertram Collip along with Douglous B Leitch treated [[tetany]] with the help of [[Parathyroid gland|parathyroid]] extract. They names the extract as Parathyrin.<ref name="pmid20315252">{{cite journal |vauthors=Collip JB, Leitch DB |title=A Case of Tetany treated with Parathyrin |journal=Can Med Assoc J |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=59–60 |year=1925 |pmid=20315252 |pmc=1707993 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*In 1925, James Bertram Collip along with Douglous B Leitch, was the first who treated [[tetany]] with the help of [[Parathyroid gland|parathyroid]] extract. They names the extract as parathyrin.<ref name="pmid20315252">{{cite journal |vauthors=Collip JB, Leitch DB |title=A Case of Tetany treated with Parathyrin |journal=Can Med Assoc J |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=59–60 |year=1925 |pmid=20315252 |pmc=1707993 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*In 1925, Felix Mandl, a viennese surgeon performed first [[parathyroidectomy]] to treat a patient suffering from suffering from [[osteitis fibrosa cystica]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=Scott M. |last2=Thompson |first2=Geoffrey B. |date=April 8, 2015|title=Felix Mandl |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-13662-2_25 |location= |publisher=Surgical Endocrinopathies |page=153-156 |isbn= 978-3-319-13661-5 |author-link= }}</ref>
*In 1925, Felix Mandl, a viennese [[surgeon]], was the first who performed [[parathyroidectomy]] to treat a patient suffering from [[osteitis fibrosa cystica]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=Scott M. |last2=Thompson |first2=Geoffrey B. |date=April 8, 2015|title=Felix Mandl |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-13662-2_25 |location= |publisher=Surgical Endocrinopathies |page=153-156 |isbn= 978-3-319-13661-5 |author-link= }}</ref>


==Famous Cases==
===Famous Cases===
*Garry Shandling, a famous comedian suffered from hyperparathyroidism.<ref name="urlGarry Shandling and the Disease You Didnt Know About - The Atlantic">{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/04/garry-shandling-hyperparathyroidism/476445/ |title=Garry Shandling and the Disease You Didn't Know About - The Atlantic |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*Garry Shandling, a famous comedian suffered from hyperparathyroidism.<ref name="urlGarry Shandling and the Disease You Didnt Know About - The Atlantic">{{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/04/garry-shandling-hyperparathyroidism/476445/ |title=Garry Shandling and the Disease You Didn't Know About - The Atlantic |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


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[[Category:Disease]]
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Latest revision as of 22:16, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2]

Overview

In 1880, Ivar Sandström, a Swedish anatomist, described parathyroids in human following 50 autopsies. In 1924, James Bertram Collip, a Canadian biochemist, discovered and extracted parathormone and treated tetany with the help of parathyroid extract along with Douglous B Leitch. In 1925, Felix Mandl, a viennese surgeon performed first parathyroidectomy to treat a patient suffering from suffering from osteitis fibrosa cystica. In 1959, Howard Rasmussen and Lyman C. Craig at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research purified parathyroid hormone. They also isolated the active polypeptide (parathormone B) from bovine parathyroid gland and gave its tentative formula in 1961.

Historical Perspective

Discovery

Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies

Famous Cases

  • Garry Shandling, a famous comedian suffered from hyperparathyroidism.[13]

References

  1. ↑ Zink AR, Panzer S, Fesq-Martin M, Burger-Heinrich E, Wahl J, Nerlich AG (2005). "Evidence for a 7000-year-old case of primary hyperparathyroidism". JAMA. 293 (1): 40–2. doi:10.1001/jama.293.1.40-c. PMID 15632333.
  2. ↑ Modarai B, Sawyer A, Ellis H (2004). "The glands of Owen". J R Soc Med. 97 (10): 494–5. doi:10.1258/jrsm.97.10.494. PMC 1079622. PMID 15459265.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Johansson H (2015). "The Uppsala anatomist Ivar Sandström and the parathyroid gland". Ups. J. Med. Sci. 120 (2): 72–7. doi:10.3109/03009734.2015.1027426. PMC 4463479. PMID 25913489.
  4. ↑ Maccallum WG, Voegtlin C (1909). "ON THE RELATION OF TETANY TO THE PARATHYROID GLANDS AND TO CALCIUM METABOLISM". J. Exp. Med. 11 (1): 118–51. PMC 2124703. PMID 19867238.
  5. ↑ Collip, J. B. (1925). "THE EXTRACTION OF A PARATHYROID HORMONE WHICH WILL PREVENT OR CONTROL PARATHYROID TETANY AND WHICH REGULATES THE LEVEL OF BLOOD CALCIUM". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 63 (2): 395–438.
  6. ↑ PUGSLEY, L. I.; SELYE, HANS (July 28, 1933). "THE HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE BONE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACTION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE ON THE CALCIUM METABOLISM OF THE RAT". The Journal of Physiology. 79 (1): 113–117.
  7. ↑ BARNICOT NA (1948). "The local action of the parathyroid and other tissues on bone in intracerebral grafts". J. Anat. 82 (Pt. 4): 233–48. PMID 18113751.
  8. ↑ JAHAN I, PITTS RF (1948). "Effect of parathyroid on renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate and calcium". Am. J. Physiol. 155 (1): 42–9. PMID 18102666.
  9. ↑ Rasmussen, Howard; Craig, Lyman C. (1959). "PURIFICATION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE BY USE OF COUNTERCURRENT DISTRIBUTION". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 81 (18): 5003–5003. doi:10.1021/ja01527a066. ISSN 0002-7863.
  10. ↑ Rasmussen, Howard; Craig, Lyman C. (1961). "Isolation of a Parathyroid Polypeptide from Acetic Acid Extracts of Bovine Parathyroid Glands". {Journal of Biological Chemistry. 236 (4): 1083–1086.
  11. ↑ Collip JB, Leitch DB (1925). "A Case of Tetany treated with Parathyrin". Can Med Assoc J. 15 (1): 59–60. PMC 1707993. PMID 20315252.
  12. ↑ Thompson, Scott M.; Thompson, Geoffrey B. (April 8, 2015). Felix Mandl. Surgical Endocrinopathies. p. 153-156. ISBN 978-3-319-13661-5.
  13. ↑ "Garry Shandling and the Disease You Didn't Know About - The Atlantic".

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