Upper gastrointestinal bleeding classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
According to the American Gastroenterological Association, upper | According to the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be classified based on the rate of blood loss into overt(acute), occult or obscure(chronic) forms.<ref name="pmid12208839">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: guidelines |journal=Gut |volume=51 Suppl 4 |issue= |pages=iv1–6 |year=2002 |pmid=12208839 |pmc=1867732 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23547576">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bull-Henry K, Al-Kawas FH |title=Evaluation of occult gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=87 |issue=6 |pages=430–6 |year=2013 |pmid=23547576 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17983811">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raju GS, Gerson L, Das A, Lewis B |title=American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute medical position statement on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=133 |issue=5 |pages=1694–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17983811 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10387941">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rockey DC |title=Occult gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=341 |issue=1 |pages=38–46 |year=1999 |pmid=10387941 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199907013410107 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*'''Overt GI bleeding''': Overt [[Gastrointestinal bleeding|GI bleeding]] is defined as acute [[bleeding]] which is visible and can present in the form of [[hematemesis]], “coffee-ground” emesis, [[melena]], or [[hematochezia]].<br> | |||
:*'''Occult or chronic GI bleeding''': | :*'''Occult or chronic GI bleeding''': Occult GI bleeding is defined as a microscopic [[hemorrhage]] which can present as hemoccult-positive stools with or without [[iron deficiency anemia]]. It is the initial presentation in patients with no evidence of [[Blood loss|visible blood loss]] and is positive on fecal occult blood test([[FOBT]]). | ||
*'''Obscure GI bleeding''': Obscure GI bleeding is defined as recurrent [[bleeding]] in which a source is not identified after upper [[endoscopy]] and [[colonoscopy]]. It can be either overt or occult. | |||
{{familytree/start}} | {{familytree/start}} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01=Upper GI bleeding}} | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01=Upper GI bleeding}} | ||
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{{familytree | | C01 | | | | | C02 | | | | | C03 |C01=Overt|C02=Occult|C03=Obscure}} | {{familytree | | C01 | | | | | C02 | | | | | C03 |C01=Overt|C02=Occult|C03=Obscure}} | ||
{{familytree | | |!| | | | | | |!| | | | | | |!| }} | {{familytree | | |!| | | | | | |!| | | | | | |!| }} | ||
{{familytree | | D01 | | | | | D02 | | | | | D03 |D01= | {{familytree | | D01 | | | | | D02 | | | | | D03 |D01=[[Hematemesis]]<br>Coffee-ground emesis<br>[[Melena]]<br>[[Hematochezia]]|D02=Microscopic hemorrhage<br>Heme-occult positive stools|D03=Source is not identified|}} | ||
{{familytree/end}} | {{familytree/end}} | ||
Latest revision as of 17:55, 9 July 2020
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Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Microchapters |
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Differentiating Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Upper gastrointestinal bleeding classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Upper gastrointestinal bleeding classification |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Upper gastrointestinal bleeding |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Upper gastrointestinal bleeding classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
According to the American Gastroenterological Association, upper GI bleeding can be classified based on the rate of blood loss into overt(acute), occult or obscure(chronic) forms.
Classification
According to the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be classified based on the rate of blood loss into overt(acute), occult or obscure(chronic) forms.[1][2][3][4]
- Overt GI bleeding: Overt GI bleeding is defined as acute bleeding which is visible and can present in the form of hematemesis, “coffee-ground” emesis, melena, or hematochezia.
- Occult or chronic GI bleeding: Occult GI bleeding is defined as a microscopic hemorrhage which can present as hemoccult-positive stools with or without iron deficiency anemia. It is the initial presentation in patients with no evidence of visible blood loss and is positive on fecal occult blood test(FOBT).
- Obscure GI bleeding: Obscure GI bleeding is defined as recurrent bleeding in which a source is not identified after upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. It can be either overt or occult.
| Upper GI bleeding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Based on blood loss | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Overt | Occult | Obscure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hematemesis Coffee-ground emesis Melena Hematochezia | Microscopic hemorrhage Heme-occult positive stools | Source is not identified | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ "Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: guidelines". Gut. 51 Suppl 4: iv1–6. 2002. PMC 1867732. PMID 12208839.
- ↑ Bull-Henry K, Al-Kawas FH (2013). "Evaluation of occult gastrointestinal bleeding". Am Fam Physician. 87 (6): 430–6. PMID 23547576.
- ↑ Raju GS, Gerson L, Das A, Lewis B (2007). "American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute medical position statement on obscure gastrointestinal bleeding". Gastroenterology. 133 (5): 1694–6. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.008. PMID 17983811.
- ↑ Rockey DC (1999). "Occult gastrointestinal bleeding". N. Engl. J. Med. 341 (1): 38–46. doi:10.1056/NEJM199907013410107. PMID 10387941.