Oral cancer causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Oral cancer}} | {{Oral cancer}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SSW}}, {{Simrat}}; {{GRR}} {{Nat}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common causes of oral cancers include [[premalignant]] | Common causes of oral cancers include [[premalignant]] lesions, [[tobacco]], [[alcohol]], [[human papillomavirus]], and [[hematopoietic]] [[stem cell]] transplantation. [[Tobacco]] use is the cause of 75% oral cancer cases . It causes an irritation of [[mucous membrane]] in the [[mouth]]. [[Human papillomavirus|HPV]] type 16 is the most common sub-type of [[Human papillomavirus|human papilloma virus]] associated with oral cancer. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Common causes of oral cancer include: | Common causes of oral cancer include: | ||
* | * Pre-[[malignant]] lesion<ref name="pmid4266835">{{cite journal |vauthors=Colvin RB, Pinn VW, Simpson BA, Dvorak HF |title=Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity. IV. The "late reaction": sequel to Jones-Mote type hypersensitivity. Comparison with rabbit Arthus reaction. Effect of passive antibody on induction and expression of Jones-Mote hypersensitivity |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=110 |issue=5 |pages=1279–89 |year=1973 |pmid=4266835 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
** Benign and morphologically altered tissue | ** [[Benign]] and morphologically-altered [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]] | ||
** | ** Pre-malignant lesions are of various types: | ||
*** [[Leukoplakia]] - benign white patches | *** [[Leukoplakia]] - benign white patches | ||
*** [[Erythroplakia]] - red patches | *** [[Erythroplakia]] - red patches | ||
*** Erythroleukoplakia - mixed red and white patches | *** Erythroleukoplakia - mixed red and white patches | ||
*** [[lichen planus]] | *** [[lichen planus|Lichen planus]] | ||
*** Oral | *** [[Oral]] sub-[[mucous]] [[fibrosis]] - very common in Indian sub-continents | ||
*** [[actinic cheilitis]] | *** [[actinic cheilitis]] | ||
* [[Tobacco]] | * [[Tobacco]] | ||
** 75% cases of oral cancers occur due to tobacco. | ** 75% cases of oral cancers occur due to [[tobacco]] use. | ||
** | ** Use of it causes irritation of the [[mucous membrane]] in the [[mouth]]. | ||
** Both smoking and chewing tobacco can lead to irritation of mucous membrane of the mouth. | ** Both [[smoking]] and [[chewing tobacco]] can lead to irritation of [[mucous membrane]] of the mouth. | ||
** 60 types of carcinogens are known to | ** 60 types of [[carcinogens]] are known to be present in [[tobacco smoke]]. | ||
** If any form of tobacco use is combined with heavy alcohol intake, the carcinogenic potential increases. | ** If any form of [[tobacco]] use is combined with heavy [[alcohol]] intake, the [[carcinogenic]] potential increases. | ||
* Alcohol | * [[Alcohol]]<ref name="pmid29342885">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stornetta A, Guidolin V, Balbo S |title=Alcohol-Derived Acetaldehyde Exposure in the Oral Cavity |journal=Cancers (Basel) |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages= |year=2018 |pmid=29342885 |doi=10.3390/cancers10010020 |url=}}</ref> | ||
** Heavy alcohol intake can lead to cancer of [[pharynx]] and [[larynx]]. | ** Heavy alcohol intake can lead to cancer of [[pharynx]] and [[larynx]]. | ||
** Carcinogenic potential increases when combined with tobacco use. | ** [[Carcinogenic]] potential increases when combined with [[tobacco use]]. | ||
* [[Human papillomavirus|Human Papilloma Virus]](HPV) | * [[Human papillomavirus|Human Papilloma Virus]]( [[Human papillomavirus|HPV]]) | ||
** HPV type 16 is the most common | ** [[HPV]] type 16 is the most common sub-type associated with oral cancer. | ||
** Unprotected oral sexual | ** Unprotected oral sexual behaviors with a patient suffering from [[HPV]] can transmit this [[virus]].<ref name="pmid28778951">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shah A, Malik A, Garg A, Mair M, Nair S, Chaturvedi P |title=Oral sex and human papilloma virus-related head and neck squamous cell cancer: a review of the literature |journal=Postgrad Med J |volume=93 |issue=1105 |pages=704–709 |year=2017 |pmid=28778951 |doi=10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134603 |url=}}</ref> | ||
** | ** It most commonly involves the [[tonsils]], which are at the base of the [[tongue]] and the [[oropharynx]]. | ||
* Hematopoietic | * [[Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]] | ||
** | ** This causes an increased risk for [[squamous cell carcinoma]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 12:49, 11 April 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sargun Singh Walia M.B.B.S.[2], Simrat Sarai, M.D. [3]; Grammar Reviewer: Natalie Harpenau, B.S.[4]
Overview
Common causes of oral cancers include premalignant lesions, tobacco, alcohol, human papillomavirus, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Tobacco use is the cause of 75% oral cancer cases . It causes an irritation of mucous membrane in the mouth. HPV type 16 is the most common sub-type of human papilloma virus associated with oral cancer.
Causes
Common causes of oral cancer include:
- Pre-malignant lesion[1]
- Benign and morphologically-altered tissue
- Pre-malignant lesions are of various types:
- Leukoplakia - benign white patches
- Erythroplakia - red patches
- Erythroleukoplakia - mixed red and white patches
- Lichen planus
- Oral sub-mucous fibrosis - very common in Indian sub-continents
- actinic cheilitis
- Tobacco
- 75% cases of oral cancers occur due to tobacco use.
- Use of it causes irritation of the mucous membrane in the mouth.
- Both smoking and chewing tobacco can lead to irritation of mucous membrane of the mouth.
- 60 types of carcinogens are known to be present in tobacco smoke.
- If any form of tobacco use is combined with heavy alcohol intake, the carcinogenic potential increases.
- Alcohol[2]
- Heavy alcohol intake can lead to cancer of pharynx and larynx.
- Carcinogenic potential increases when combined with tobacco use.
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- This causes an increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma.
References
- ↑ Colvin RB, Pinn VW, Simpson BA, Dvorak HF (1973). "Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity. IV. The "late reaction": sequel to Jones-Mote type hypersensitivity. Comparison with rabbit Arthus reaction. Effect of passive antibody on induction and expression of Jones-Mote hypersensitivity". J. Immunol. 110 (5): 1279–89. PMID 4266835.
- ↑ Stornetta A, Guidolin V, Balbo S (2018). "Alcohol-Derived Acetaldehyde Exposure in the Oral Cavity". Cancers (Basel). 10 (1). doi:10.3390/cancers10010020. PMID 29342885.
- ↑ Shah A, Malik A, Garg A, Mair M, Nair S, Chaturvedi P (2017). "Oral sex and human papilloma virus-related head and neck squamous cell cancer: a review of the literature". Postgrad Med J. 93 (1105): 704–709. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134603. PMID 28778951.