Methemoglobinemia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
 
(11 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Methemoglobinemia}}
{{Methemoglobinemia}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Aksiniya K. Stevasarova, M.D.}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{AKS}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
 
The incidence of congenital methemoglobinemia in the United States is very low. There is no racial predilection to [[methemoglobinemia]]. The highest prevalence of [[G6PD deficiency]] is observed in the malaria-endemic regions: Sub-Saharan Afria, West Asia and Arabian Peninsula, as well as in people of Mediterranean descent.
'''Congenital (Hereditary) Methemoglobinemia'''
 
There are three main congenital conditions that lead to [[methemoglobinemia]]:
 
1. [[Cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency]] and [[pyruvate kinase deficiency]]
 
2. [[G6PD deficiency]]
 
3. Presence of abnormal hemoglobin ([[Hb M]])
 
 
'''Acquired or Acute Methemoglobinemia'''
 
Most common cause include different [[oxidant drugs]], [[toxins]] or [[chemicals]]


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==


The incidence of congenital methemoglobinemia in the United States is very low.  
The incidence of congenital methemoglobinemia in the United States is very low.  
The majority of [[cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency]] cases are found amongst some Native American tribes like Navajo <ref>{{J Pediatr. 1964 Dec;65:928-31.
HEREDITARY METHEMOGLOBINEMIA DUE TO DIAPHORASE DEFICIENCY IN NAVAJO INDIANS.
BALSAMO P, HARDY WR, SCOTT EM. pmid=14244100}}</ref>  and Athabaskan Alaskans, and the Yakutsk people in Siberia. <ref>{{J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2017 Jan;39(1):42-45.
Enzymopenic Congenital Methemoglobinemia in Children of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Burtseva TE1, Ammosova TN, Protopopova NN, Yakovleva SY, Slobodchikova MP. pmid=27879543 }}</ref>
Patients of all age groups may develop Methemoglobinemia. The acquired methemoglobinemia is a rare disease that tends to affect infants and people exposed to local anesthetics during medical procedures. Infants, particularly those younger than 4 months are most susceptible to [[methemoglobinemia]]. This is due to the fact that the [[NADH methemoglobin reductase]] activity and concentration (the main protective [[enzyme]] against [[oxidative stress]]) is not fully mature in infants. Both [[cytochrome b5 reductase]] deficiency and [[pyruvate kinase]] deficiency are [[autosomal recessive]] diseases and the Hb M has [[autosomal dominant]] pattern of inheritance.  The acquired Methemoglobinemia affects men and women equally, although ([G6PD]] deficiency is [[X-linked]],  therefore the risk of acquired methemoglobinemia is greater in males. There is no racial predilection to Methemoglobinemia.  The highest prevalence of [[G6PD deficiency]] is observed in the malaria-endemic regions: Sub-Saharan Afria, West Asia and Arabian Peninsula, as well as in people of Mediterranean descent. Howes RE1, Dewi M, Piel FB, Monteiro WM, Battle KE, Messina JP, Sakuntabhai A, Satyagraha AW, Williams TN, Baird JK, Hay SI. pmid=24228846 }}</ref>  <ref>{{ Adv Parasitol. 2013;81:133-201. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407826-0.00004-7.
G6PD deficiency: global distribution, genetic variants and primaquine therapy.
Howes RE1, Battle KE, Satyagraha AW, Baird JK, Hay SI.pmid=23384623}}</ref>  <ref>{{ pmid=1917622}}</ref>
'''Epidemiology''' and  '''Demographics'''
Prevalence
Prevalence is defined as the total number of cases of a disease in a given at-risk population at a specific time.
Note: For diseases specific to one gender, such as prostate cancer, only male patients are considered in the equation since only male patients are the at-risk population.
When using numbers with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report a prevalence as 10.1 instead of 10.09322. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy.
You can use one or more of these template sentences.
Worldwide, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
Worldwide, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developed countries, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developed countries, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developing countries/ Africa, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developing countries/ Africa, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
In ____ (insert year), the prevalence of _______ (insert disease name) was estimated to be _______ (insert number) cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Incidence
Incidence is defined as the number of new cases per population in a given time period.
The standard format to report the incidence is ___ per 100,000 individuals.
When using numbers with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report a incidence as 10.1 instead of 10.09322. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy.
You can pick one or more of the template sentences below for this section:
Worldwide, the incidence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
Worldwide, the incidence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developed countries, the incidence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developed countries, the incidence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developing countries/ Africa, the incidence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
In developing countries/ Africa, the incidence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
In ____ (insert year), the incidence of _______ (insert disease name) was estimated to be _______ (insert number) cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Case Fatality Rate
The case fatality rate is defined the number of deaths (fatality) among patients with the disease (case). Case fatality rate should be distinguished from "Mortality Rate" (defined as the number of deaths among the at-risk population).
The case fatality rate is usually described as a function of time (e.g. In 2015 / annually etc...).
When using numbers with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report the case fatality rate as 10.1% instead of 10.09322%. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy.
You can pick the template sentence below for this section:
In ____ (year), the case fatality rate of ____ (disease name) is ____ (case fatality rate in %).
The annual case fatality rate of ____ (disease name) is approximately ____ (case fatality rate in %).
Age
This section can describe the impact of the disease depending on the persons age, and the age-specific prevalence and incidence.
The prevalence of ____ (insert disease state here) increases/decreases with age.
_____ (insert acute disease) commonly affects _____ (insert age group).
_____ (insert chronic disease) is usually first diagnosed among _____ (insert age group).
Gender
This section describe how prevalence of the disease varies by gender. When describing male to female ratios with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report a ratio as as 1.5 to 1 instead of 1.48294 to 1. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy. You can use either of the following template sentences:
______ (insert gender 1) are more commonly affected with ______ (insert disease name) than _____ (insert gender 2). The _____ (insert gender ratio e.g. male to female) ratio is approximately _____ (insert number > 1) to 1.
The prevalence and incidence of (insert disease state here) does not vary by gender.
Men and women are affected equally by (insert disease name here).
(Insert disease state here) is more prevalent in men women.
The prevalence of (insert disease state here) among men is ____ per 100,000, while it is _____ per 100,000 among women.
The incidence of (insert disease state here) among men is ____ per 100,000, while it is _____ per 100,000 among women.
Race
This section describes how the disease differs based upon race. You can use the following template sentence for this section:
The prevalence of _____ (insert disease) does not vary by race.
(Insert disease state here) is more prevalent in the ____ (inser race) race and ____ (insert other race) races.
There is no racial predilection for ____ (insert disease name)
_____ (insert disease) usually affects individuals of the _____ (inser race) race. _____ (insert other race) individuals are less likely to develop ______ (disease name).
Developed Countries
In this section you should describe the impact of the disease in developed countries.
Incidence, prevalence, and geographical distribution or areas of interest can be mentioned, as well as the relevant impact the disease has on society.
Developing Countries
In this section you should describe the impact of the disease in developing countries.
Incidence, prevalence, and geographical distribution or areas of interest can be mentioned, as well as the relevant impact the disease has on society.
Preferred Template Statements
IF the incidence/prevalence of the disease is known:
The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
IF the case-fatality rate is also known, you may use either of the following template statements:


In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of [number range]%.
===Age===
The case-fatality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
* Patients of all age groups may develop [[methemoglobinemia]].
IF details about prevalence according to age/race/sex are known:
* The acquired methemoglobinemia is a rare disease that tends to affect infants and people exposed to local anesthetics during medical procedures.
* Infants, particularly those younger than 4 months are most susceptible to [[methemoglobinemia]]. This is due to the fact that the [[NADH methemoglobin reductase]] activity and concentration (the main protective [[enzyme]] against [[oxidative stress]]) is not fully mature in infants.  


Age:
===Gender===
Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
* The incidence of the congenital [[methemoglobinemia]] is the same for both genders as both [[cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency]] and [[pyruvate kinase deficiency]] are [[autosomal recessive diseases]] and the [[Hb M]] has [[autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance]].  
The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
* The incidence of ([G6PD]] deficiency is is greater in males as this condition has [[X-linked pattern of inheritance]]. There is no racial predilection to Methemoglobinemia.  
[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
Race:
There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Sex:
[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
IF details about prevalence by region are known:


The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
===Developed Countries===
If additional details are known about the patient population in which the disease is typically diagnosed, they may be included here. Supplementary template statements include:
*There is no racial predilection to [[methemoglobinemia]].
*In developed countries, the incidence of acquired methemoglobinemia is higher in developing countries when people are exposed to local anesthetics during various medical procedures.
*The majority of [[cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency]] cases are found among some Native American tribes like Navajo <ref name="pmid14244100">{{cite journal| author=BALSAMO P, HARDY WR, SCOTT EM| title=HEREDITARY METHEMOGLOBINEMIA DUE TO DIAPHORASE DEFICIENCY IN NAVAJO INDIANS. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1964 | volume= 65 | issue=  | pages= 928-31 | pmid=14244100 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14244100  }} </ref> and Athabaskan Alaskans, and the Yakutsk people in Siberia. <ref name="pmid27879543">{{cite journal| author=Burtseva TE, Ammosova TN, Protopopova NN, Yakovleva SY, Slobodchikova MP| title=Enzymopenic Congenital Methemoglobinemia in Children of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). | journal=J Pediatr Hematol Oncol | year= 2017 | volume= 39 | issue= 1 | pages= 42-45 | pmid=27879543 | doi=10.1097/MPH.0000000000000705 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27879543  }} </ref>


[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
===Developing Countries===
[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
*The highest prevalence of [[G6PD deficiency]] is observed in the malaria-endemic regions: Sub-Saharan Afria, West Asia and Arabian Peninsula, as well as in people of Mediterranean descent. <ref name="pmid24228846">{{cite journal| author=Howes RE, Dewi M, Piel FB, Monteiro WM, Battle KE, Messina JP et al.| title=Spatial distribution of G6PD deficiency variants across malaria-endemic regions. | journal=Malar J | year= 2013 | volume= 12 | issue=  | pages= 418 | pmid=24228846 | doi=10.1186/1475-2875-12-418 | pmc=3835423 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24228846  }} </ref>  <ref name="pmid23384623">{{cite journal| author=Howes RE, Battle KE, Satyagraha AW, Baird JK, Hay SI| title=G6PD deficiency: global distribution, genetic variants and primaquine therapy. | journal=Adv Parasitol | year= 2013 | volume= 81 | issue=  | pages= 133-201 | pmid=23384623 | doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-407826-0.00004-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23384623  }} </ref>  <ref name="pmid1917622">{{cite journal| author=Lawton CA, Won M, Pilepich MV, Asbell SO, Shipley WU, Hanks GE et al.| title=Long-term treatment sequelae following external beam irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate: analysis of RTOG studies 7506 and 7706. | journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | year= 1991 | volume= 21 | issue= 4 | pages= 935-9 | pmid=1917622 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1917622  }} </ref>
[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 20:58, 31 July 2018

Methemoglobinemia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Methemoglobinemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Methemoglobinemia epidemiology and demographics On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Methemoglobinemia epidemiology and demographics

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Methemoglobinemia epidemiology and demographics

on Methemoglobinemia epidemiology and demographics

Methemoglobinemia epidemiology and demographics in the news

Blogs on Methemoglobinemia epidemiology and demographics

Directions to Hospitals Treating Methemoglobinemia

Risk calculators and risk factors for Methemoglobinemia epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aksiniya Stevasarova, M.D.

Overview

The incidence of congenital methemoglobinemia in the United States is very low. There is no racial predilection to methemoglobinemia. The highest prevalence of G6PD deficiency is observed in the malaria-endemic regions: Sub-Saharan Afria, West Asia and Arabian Peninsula, as well as in people of Mediterranean descent.

Epidemiology and Demographics

The incidence of congenital methemoglobinemia in the United States is very low.

Age

  • Patients of all age groups may develop methemoglobinemia.
  • The acquired methemoglobinemia is a rare disease that tends to affect infants and people exposed to local anesthetics during medical procedures.
  • Infants, particularly those younger than 4 months are most susceptible to methemoglobinemia. This is due to the fact that the NADH methemoglobin reductase activity and concentration (the main protective enzyme against oxidative stress) is not fully mature in infants.

Gender

Developed Countries

  • There is no racial predilection to methemoglobinemia.
  • In developed countries, the incidence of acquired methemoglobinemia is higher in developing countries when people are exposed to local anesthetics during various medical procedures.
  • The majority of cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency cases are found among some Native American tribes like Navajo [1] and Athabaskan Alaskans, and the Yakutsk people in Siberia. [2]

Developing Countries

  • The highest prevalence of G6PD deficiency is observed in the malaria-endemic regions: Sub-Saharan Afria, West Asia and Arabian Peninsula, as well as in people of Mediterranean descent. [3] [4] [5]

References

  1. ↑ BALSAMO P, HARDY WR, SCOTT EM (1964). "HEREDITARY METHEMOGLOBINEMIA DUE TO DIAPHORASE DEFICIENCY IN NAVAJO INDIANS". J Pediatr. 65: 928–31. PMID 14244100.
  2. ↑ Burtseva TE, Ammosova TN, Protopopova NN, Yakovleva SY, Slobodchikova MP (2017). "Enzymopenic Congenital Methemoglobinemia in Children of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)". J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 39 (1): 42–45. doi:10.1097/MPH.0000000000000705. PMID 27879543.
  3. ↑ Howes RE, Dewi M, Piel FB, Monteiro WM, Battle KE, Messina JP; et al. (2013). "Spatial distribution of G6PD deficiency variants across malaria-endemic regions". Malar J. 12: 418. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-418. PMC 3835423. PMID 24228846.
  4. ↑ Howes RE, Battle KE, Satyagraha AW, Baird JK, Hay SI (2013). "G6PD deficiency: global distribution, genetic variants and primaquine therapy". Adv Parasitol. 81: 133–201. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-407826-0.00004-7. PMID 23384623.
  5. ↑ Lawton CA, Won M, Pilepich MV, Asbell SO, Shipley WU, Hanks GE; et al. (1991). "Long-term treatment sequelae following external beam irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate: analysis of RTOG studies 7506 and 7706". Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 21 (4): 935–9. PMID 1917622.

Template:WS Template:WH

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Methemoglobinemia_epidemiology_and_demographics&oldid=1487091"