Hypocalcemia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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{{Hypocalcemia}} | {{Hypocalcemia}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{VKG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{VKG}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Hypocalcemia]] is defined as having a low [[calcium]] concentration in [[blood]].The normal range of serum [[calcium]] lies between 8.8–10.7 mg/dl or 4.3–5.2 mEq/l. In the past 20 years quantification of [[serum]] and [[ionized]] calcium and [[Ionized|PTH]] concentrations has helped in easier diagnosis. It is difficult to quantify the [[incidence]] of ionized [[hypocalcemia]]. | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
=== Incidence === | === Incidence === | ||
* The incidence of hypocalcemia is inversely proportional to gestational age and birth weight.<ref name="pmid11273867">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zivin JR, Gooley T, Zager RA, Ryan MJ |title=Hypocalcemia: a pervasive metabolic abnormality in the critically ill |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=689–98 |date=April 2001 |pmid=11273867 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7140332">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chernow B, Zaloga G, McFadden E, Clapper M, Kotler M, Barton M, Rainey TG |title=Hypocalcemia in critically ill patients |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=10 |issue=12 |pages=848–51 |date=December 1982 |pmid=7140332 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * The [[incidence]] of [[hypocalcemia]] is inversely proportional to [[gestational age]] and [[birth weight]].<ref name="pmid11273867">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zivin JR, Gooley T, Zager RA, Ryan MJ |title=Hypocalcemia: a pervasive metabolic abnormality in the critically ill |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=689–98 |date=April 2001 |pmid=11273867 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7140332">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chernow B, Zaloga G, McFadden E, Clapper M, Kotler M, Barton M, Rainey TG |title=Hypocalcemia in critically ill patients |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=10 |issue=12 |pages=848–51 |date=December 1982 |pmid=7140332 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* The percentage of infants who develop hypocalcemia is between 30% to 90%. | * The percentage of [[infants]] who develop [[hypocalcemia]] is between 30% to 90%. | ||
* The incidence of hypocalcemia in postsurgical patients is between 80 to 90%. | * The [[incidence]] of hypocalcemia in [[postsurgical]] patients is between 80 to 90%. | ||
* The incidence of hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy | * The [[incidence]] of hypocalcemia after [[thyroidectomy]] is 27%.<ref name="pmid25321339">{{cite journal |vauthors=Noureldine SI, Genther DJ, Lopez M, Agrawal N, Tufano RP |title=Early predictors of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy: an analysis of 304 patients using a short-stay monitoring protocol |journal=JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=140 |issue=11 |pages=1006–13 |date=November 2014 |pmid=25321339 |pmc=4316663 |doi=10.1001/jamaoto.2014.2435 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22844618">{{cite journal |vauthors=Baldassarre RL, Chang DC, Brumund KT, Bouvet M |title=Predictors of hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy: results from the nationwide inpatient sample |journal=ISRN Surg |volume=2012 |issue= |pages=838614 |date=2012 |pmid=22844618 |pmc=3403163 |doi=10.5402/2012/838614 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24780788">{{cite journal |vauthors=Edafe O, Prasad P, Harrison BJ, Balasubramanian SP |title=Incidence and predictors of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia in a tertiary endocrine surgical unit |journal=Ann R Coll Surg Engl |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=219–23 |date=April 2014 |pmid=24780788 |pmc=4474053 |doi=10.1308/003588414X13814021679753 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid253213392">{{cite journal |vauthors=Noureldine SI, Genther DJ, Lopez M, Agrawal N, Tufano RP |title=Early predictors of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy: an analysis of 304 patients using a short-stay monitoring protocol |journal=JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=140 |issue=11 |pages=1006–13 |date=November 2014 |pmid=25321339 |pmc=4316663 |doi=10.1001/jamaoto.2014.2435 |url=}}</ref> | ||
=== Mortality rate === | === Mortality rate === | ||
* The mortality rate of hypocalcemia is approximately 44% in acutely ill patients in a medical intensive care setting.<ref name="pmid3407650">{{cite journal |vauthors=Desai TK, Carlson RW, Geheb MA |title=Prevalence and clinical implications of hypocalcemia in acutely ill patients in a medical intensive care setting |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=209–14 |date=February 1988 |pmid=3407650 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid71403322">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chernow B, Zaloga G, McFadden E, Clapper M, Kotler M, Barton M, Rainey TG |title=Hypocalcemia in critically ill patients |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=10 |issue=12 |pages=848–51 |date=December 1982 |pmid=7140332 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * The [[Mortality rate|mortality]] rate of hypocalcemia is approximately 44% in acutely ill patients in a medical intensive care setting.<ref name="pmid3407650">{{cite journal |vauthors=Desai TK, Carlson RW, Geheb MA |title=Prevalence and clinical implications of hypocalcemia in acutely ill patients in a medical intensive care setting |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=209–14 |date=February 1988 |pmid=3407650 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid71403322">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chernow B, Zaloga G, McFadden E, Clapper M, Kotler M, Barton M, Rainey TG |title=Hypocalcemia in critically ill patients |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=10 |issue=12 |pages=848–51 |date=December 1982 |pmid=7140332 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Hypocalcemia has been reported in critically ill patients, most commonly in association with sepsis syndrome.<ref name="pmid112738672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zivin JR, Gooley T, Zager RA, Ryan MJ |title=Hypocalcemia: a pervasive metabolic abnormality in the critically ill |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=689–98 |date=April 2001 |pmid=11273867 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * [[Hypocalcemia]] has been reported in critically ill patients, most commonly in association with [[sepsis]] syndrome.<ref name="pmid112738672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zivin JR, Gooley T, Zager RA, Ryan MJ |title=Hypocalcemia: a pervasive metabolic abnormality in the critically ill |journal=Am. J. Kidney Dis. |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=689–98 |date=April 2001 |pmid=11273867 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 11:44, 13 August 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Hypocalcemia is defined as having a low calcium concentration in blood.The normal range of serum calcium lies between 8.8–10.7 mg/dl or 4.3–5.2 mEq/l. In the past 20 years quantification of serum and ionized calcium and PTH concentrations has helped in easier diagnosis. It is difficult to quantify the incidence of ionized hypocalcemia.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of hypocalcemia is inversely proportional to gestational age and birth weight.[1][2]
- The percentage of infants who develop hypocalcemia is between 30% to 90%.
- The incidence of hypocalcemia in postsurgical patients is between 80 to 90%.
- The incidence of hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy is 27%.[3][4][5][6]
Mortality rate
- The mortality rate of hypocalcemia is approximately 44% in acutely ill patients in a medical intensive care setting.[7][8]
- Hypocalcemia has been reported in critically ill patients, most commonly in association with sepsis syndrome.[9]
References
- ↑ Zivin JR, Gooley T, Zager RA, Ryan MJ (April 2001). "Hypocalcemia: a pervasive metabolic abnormality in the critically ill". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 37 (4): 689–98. PMID 11273867.
- ↑ Chernow B, Zaloga G, McFadden E, Clapper M, Kotler M, Barton M, Rainey TG (December 1982). "Hypocalcemia in critically ill patients". Crit. Care Med. 10 (12): 848–51. PMID 7140332.
- ↑ Noureldine SI, Genther DJ, Lopez M, Agrawal N, Tufano RP (November 2014). "Early predictors of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy: an analysis of 304 patients using a short-stay monitoring protocol". JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 140 (11): 1006–13. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2014.2435. PMC 4316663. PMID 25321339.
- ↑ Baldassarre RL, Chang DC, Brumund KT, Bouvet M (2012). "Predictors of hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy: results from the nationwide inpatient sample". ISRN Surg. 2012: 838614. doi:10.5402/2012/838614. PMC 3403163. PMID 22844618.
- ↑ Edafe O, Prasad P, Harrison BJ, Balasubramanian SP (April 2014). "Incidence and predictors of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia in a tertiary endocrine surgical unit". Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 96 (3): 219–23. doi:10.1308/003588414X13814021679753. PMC 4474053. PMID 24780788.
- ↑ Noureldine SI, Genther DJ, Lopez M, Agrawal N, Tufano RP (November 2014). "Early predictors of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy: an analysis of 304 patients using a short-stay monitoring protocol". JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 140 (11): 1006–13. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2014.2435. PMC 4316663. PMID 25321339.
- ↑ Desai TK, Carlson RW, Geheb MA (February 1988). "Prevalence and clinical implications of hypocalcemia in acutely ill patients in a medical intensive care setting". Am. J. Med. 84 (2): 209–14. PMID 3407650.
- ↑ Chernow B, Zaloga G, McFadden E, Clapper M, Kotler M, Barton M, Rainey TG (December 1982). "Hypocalcemia in critically ill patients". Crit. Care Med. 10 (12): 848–51. PMID 7140332.
- ↑ Zivin JR, Gooley T, Zager RA, Ryan MJ (April 2001). "Hypocalcemia: a pervasive metabolic abnormality in the critically ill". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 37 (4): 689–98. PMID 11273867.