Hypocalcemia risk factors: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Hypocalcemia}} | {{Hypocalcemia}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{VKG}} | ||
== Overview == | |||
The most common risk factor of [[hypocalcemia]] is [[vitamin D deficiency]]. Other common causes of hypocalcemia include low intake of [[magnesium]], newborn babies, [[parathyroid hormone]] (PTH), [[hyperphosphatemia]] and [[chronic kidney disease]]. | |||
==Overview== | |||
The most common risk | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
=== Common Risk Factors === | === Common Risk Factors === | ||
* Common risk factors in the development of [[hypocalcemia]] may be environmental or genetic.<ref name="pmid23148147">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carroll R, Matfin G |title=Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia |journal=Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=29–33 |date=February 2010 |pmid=23148147 |pmc=3474611 |doi=10.1177/2042018810366494 |url=}}</ref> | * Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] in the development of [[hypocalcemia]] may be environmental or [[genetic]].<ref name="pmid23148147">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carroll R, Matfin G |title=Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia |journal=Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=29–33 |date=February 2010 |pmid=23148147 |pmc=3474611 |doi=10.1177/2042018810366494 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Common risk factors in the development of [[hypocalcemia]] include:<ref name="pmid19923405">{{cite journal |vauthors=Riccardi D, Brown EM |title=Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. |volume=298 |issue=3 |pages=F485–99 |date=March 2010 |pmid=19923405 |pmc=2838589 |doi=10.1152/ajprenal.00608.2009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25891861">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee S, Mannstadt M, Guo J, Kim SM, Yi HS, Khatri A, Dean T, Okazaki M, Gardella TJ, Jüppner H |title=A Homozygous [Cys25]PTH(1-84) Mutation That Impairs PTH/PTHrP Receptor Activation Defines a Novel Form of Hypoparathyroidism |journal=J. Bone Miner. Res. |volume=30 |issue=10 |pages=1803–13 |date=October 2015 |pmid=25891861 |pmc=4580526 |doi=10.1002/jbmr.2532 |url=}}</ref> | * Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] in the development of [[hypocalcemia]] include:<ref name="pmid19923405">{{cite journal |vauthors=Riccardi D, Brown EM |title=Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. |volume=298 |issue=3 |pages=F485–99 |date=March 2010 |pmid=19923405 |pmc=2838589 |doi=10.1152/ajprenal.00608.2009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25891861">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee S, Mannstadt M, Guo J, Kim SM, Yi HS, Khatri A, Dean T, Okazaki M, Gardella TJ, Jüppner H |title=A Homozygous [Cys25]PTH(1-84) Mutation That Impairs PTH/PTHrP Receptor Activation Defines a Novel Form of Hypoparathyroidism |journal=J. Bone Miner. Res. |volume=30 |issue=10 |pages=1803–13 |date=October 2015 |pmid=25891861 |pmc=4580526 |doi=10.1002/jbmr.2532 |url=}}</ref> | ||
** Vitamin D deficiency | ** [[Vitamin D]] deficiency | ||
** PTH deficiency | ** [[PTH]] deficiency | ||
** Hypomagnesemia | ** [[Hypomagnesemia]] | ||
** Hypoalbuminemia | ** [[Hypoalbuminemia]] | ||
** Hyperphosphatemia | ** [[Hyperphosphatemia]] | ||
** Newborn babies:Especially true with diabetic mothers | ** Newborn babies:Especially true with [[diabetic]] mothers | ||
=== Less Common Risk Factors === | === Less Common Risk Factors === | ||
* Less common risk factors in the development of [[hypocalcemia]] include:<ref name="pmid15141404">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dickerson RN, Alexander KH, Minard G, Croce MA, Brown RO |title=Accuracy of methods to estimate ionized and "corrected" serum calcium concentrations in critically ill multiple trauma patients receiving specialized nutrition support |journal=JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=133–41 |date=2004 |pmid=15141404 |doi=10.1177/0148607104028003133 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18509186">{{cite journal |vauthors=Coiffier B, Altman A, Pui CH, Younes A, Cairo MS |title=Guidelines for the management of pediatric and adult tumor lysis syndrome: an evidence-based review |journal=J. Clin. Oncol. |volume=26 |issue=16 |pages=2767–78 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18509186 |doi=10.1200/JCO.2007.15.0177 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11549639">{{cite journal |vauthors=Murray RM, Grill V, Crinis N, Ho PW, Davison J, Pitt P |title=Hypocalcemic and normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism in patients with advanced prostatic cancer |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=86 |issue=9 |pages=4133–8 |date=September 2001 |pmid=11549639 |doi=10.1210/jcem.86.9.7864 |url=}}</ref> | * Less common [[risk factors]] in the development of [[hypocalcemia]] include:<ref name="pmid15141404">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dickerson RN, Alexander KH, Minard G, Croce MA, Brown RO |title=Accuracy of methods to estimate ionized and "corrected" serum calcium concentrations in critically ill multiple trauma patients receiving specialized nutrition support |journal=JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=133–41 |date=2004 |pmid=15141404 |doi=10.1177/0148607104028003133 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18509186">{{cite journal |vauthors=Coiffier B, Altman A, Pui CH, Younes A, Cairo MS |title=Guidelines for the management of pediatric and adult tumor lysis syndrome: an evidence-based review |journal=J. Clin. Oncol. |volume=26 |issue=16 |pages=2767–78 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18509186 |doi=10.1200/JCO.2007.15.0177 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11549639">{{cite journal |vauthors=Murray RM, Grill V, Crinis N, Ho PW, Davison J, Pitt P |title=Hypocalcemic and normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism in patients with advanced prostatic cancer |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=86 |issue=9 |pages=4133–8 |date=September 2001 |pmid=11549639 |doi=10.1210/jcem.86.9.7864 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7246580">{{cite journal |vauthors=Smallridge RC, Wray HL, Schaaf M |title=Hypocalcemia with osteoblastic metastases in patient with prostate carcinoma. A cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=184–8 |date=July 1981 |pmid=7246580 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
** Surgical | ** Surgical removal of [[parathyroid glands]] | ||
** Medication side effects | ** Medication [[side effects]] | ||
** Anion chelation | ** [[Anion]] chelation | ||
** Pseudohypoparathyroidism | ** [[Pseudohypoparathyroidism]] | ||
** Hepatic disease | ** [[Hepatic]] disease | ||
** Acute pancreatitis | ** [[Acute pancreatitis]] | ||
** Enhanced protein binding | ** Enhanced [[protein]] binding | ||
** Critical illness | ** Critical illness | ||
** Severe sepsis | ** Severe [[Sepsis (patient information)|sepsis]] | ||
** History of gastrointestinal disorders | ** History of [[gastrointestinal]] disorders | ||
** Anxiety disorders | ** [[Anxiety disorders]] | ||
** Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) | ** [[Tumor lysis syndrome]] (TLS) | ||
** Osteoblastic metastases | ** [[Osteoblast|Osteoblastic]] [[metastases]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 11:47, 13 August 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
The most common risk factor of hypocalcemia is vitamin D deficiency. Other common causes of hypocalcemia include low intake of magnesium, newborn babies, parathyroid hormone (PTH), hyperphosphatemia and chronic kidney disease.
Risk Factors
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of hypocalcemia may be environmental or genetic.[1]
- Common risk factors in the development of hypocalcemia include:[2][3]
- Vitamin D deficiency
- PTH deficiency
- Hypomagnesemia
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Newborn babies:Especially true with diabetic mothers
Less Common Risk Factors
- Less common risk factors in the development of hypocalcemia include:[4][5][6][7]
- Surgical removal of parathyroid glands
- Medication side effects
- Anion chelation
- Pseudohypoparathyroidism
- Hepatic disease
- Acute pancreatitis
- Enhanced protein binding
- Critical illness
- Severe sepsis
- History of gastrointestinal disorders
- Anxiety disorders
- Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)
- Osteoblastic metastases
References
- ↑ Carroll R, Matfin G (February 2010). "Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: hypocalcaemia". Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 1 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1177/2042018810366494. PMC 3474611. PMID 23148147.
- ↑ Riccardi D, Brown EM (March 2010). "Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 298 (3): F485–99. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00608.2009. PMC 2838589. PMID 19923405.
- ↑ Lee S, Mannstadt M, Guo J, Kim SM, Yi HS, Khatri A, Dean T, Okazaki M, Gardella TJ, Jüppner H (October 2015). "A Homozygous [Cys25]PTH(1-84) Mutation That Impairs PTH/PTHrP Receptor Activation Defines a Novel Form of Hypoparathyroidism". J. Bone Miner. Res. 30 (10): 1803–13. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2532. PMC 4580526. PMID 25891861.
- ↑ Dickerson RN, Alexander KH, Minard G, Croce MA, Brown RO (2004). "Accuracy of methods to estimate ionized and "corrected" serum calcium concentrations in critically ill multiple trauma patients receiving specialized nutrition support". JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 28 (3): 133–41. doi:10.1177/0148607104028003133. PMID 15141404.
- ↑ Coiffier B, Altman A, Pui CH, Younes A, Cairo MS (June 2008). "Guidelines for the management of pediatric and adult tumor lysis syndrome: an evidence-based review". J. Clin. Oncol. 26 (16): 2767–78. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.15.0177. PMID 18509186.
- ↑ Murray RM, Grill V, Crinis N, Ho PW, Davison J, Pitt P (September 2001). "Hypocalcemic and normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism in patients with advanced prostatic cancer". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86 (9): 4133–8. doi:10.1210/jcem.86.9.7864. PMID 11549639.
- ↑ Smallridge RC, Wray HL, Schaaf M (July 1981). "Hypocalcemia with osteoblastic metastases in patient with prostate carcinoma. A cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism". Am. J. Med. 71 (1): 184–8. PMID 7246580.