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==Overview==
==Overview==
Approximately 30-60% of patients with [[rheumatoid arthritis]] also have [[anemia]]. More than 30% of [[cancer]] patients have [[anemia]]. In elderly patients, about one third of the cases of [[anemia]] are ACD.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
ACD is considered the second most common cause of anemia worldwide, after iron deficiency [10]. However, detailed statistics on its prevalence are not available. Often the anemia in individuals with inflammatory diseases is complex and multifactorial, and it may be challenging to separate out the component due to ACD. This is especially true in patients with diabetes. Examples of the prevalence of ACD in various inflammatory states include the following:
* Approximately 30-60% of patients with [[rheumatoid arthritis]] also have [[anemia]]<ref name="pmid23147894">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weiss G, Schett G |title=Anaemia in inflammatory rheumatic diseases |journal=Nat Rev Rheumatol |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=205–15 |date=April 2013 |pmid=23147894 |doi=10.1038/nrrheum.2012.183 |url=}}</ref>
 
* More than 30% of [[cancer]] patients have [[anemia]]. Some estimates suggests that 63% of cancer patients have anemia<ref name="pmid25239265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Macciò A, Madeddu C, Gramignano G, Mulas C, Tanca L, Cherchi MC, Floris C, Omoto I, Barracca A, Ganz T |title=The role of inflammation, iron, and nutritional status in cancer-related anemia: results of a large, prospective, observational study |journal=Haematologica |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=124–32 |date=January 2015 |pmid=25239265 |pmc=4281325 |doi=10.3324/haematol.2014.112813 |url=}}</ref>.
●Anemia is observed in 33 to 60 percent of patients with rheumatoid arthritis [69]
* In elderly patients, about one third of the cases of [[anemia]] are ACD
 
* The incidence of anemia of chronic disease increases with age and affects 77% of people in whom an alternative etiology of anemia cannot be identified
●Cancer-related anemia occurs in more than 30 percent of the cases at diagnosis [70]; the rate reached 63 percent in an observational study on 888 consecutive cancers [71]. However, cancer-related anemia is multifactorial and includes types of anemia other than ACD (eg, iron deficiency anemia). Anemia is even more common in hematologic malignancies as lymphoma and multiple myeloma [72]. (See "Hematologic complications of malignancy: Anemia and bleeding".)


●ACD accounts for about one-third of the cases of anemia of the elderly because of concomitant inflammatory conditions or chronic kidney diseases. (See "Anemia in the older adult".)
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 23:36, 29 November 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Shyam Patel [2]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omer Kamal, M.D.[3]

Overview

Approximately 30-60% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis also have anemia. More than 30% of cancer patients have anemia. In elderly patients, about one third of the cases of anemia are ACD.

Epidemiology and Demographics

  • Approximately 30-60% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis also have anemia[1]
  • More than 30% of cancer patients have anemia. Some estimates suggests that 63% of cancer patients have anemia[2].
  • In elderly patients, about one third of the cases of anemia are ACD
  • The incidence of anemia of chronic disease increases with age and affects 77% of people in whom an alternative etiology of anemia cannot be identified

References

  1. Weiss G, Schett G (April 2013). "Anaemia in inflammatory rheumatic diseases". Nat Rev Rheumatol. 9 (4): 205–15. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2012.183. PMID 23147894.
  2. Macciò A, Madeddu C, Gramignano G, Mulas C, Tanca L, Cherchi MC, Floris C, Omoto I, Barracca A, Ganz T (January 2015). "The role of inflammation, iron, and nutritional status in cancer-related anemia: results of a large, prospective, observational study". Haematologica. 100 (1): 124–32. doi:10.3324/haematol.2014.112813. PMC 4281325. PMID 25239265.


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