Folate deficiency classification: Difference between revisions
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===Folate deficiency related to increased requirement:=== | ===Folate deficiency related to increased requirement:=== | ||
Some situations that increase the need for folate, may lead to folate deficiency in the body. These include: | Some situations that increase the need for folate, may lead to folate deficiency in the body. These include: | ||
*Hemorrhage | *[[Hemorrhage]] | ||
*Kidney dialysis | *[[Kidney dialysis]] | ||
*Liver disease | *Liver disease | ||
*Pregnancy and lactation<ref name="pmid30699167">{{cite journal| author=Varghese JS, Swaminathan S, Kurpad AV, Thomas T| title=Demand and supply factors of iron-folic acid supplementation and its association with anaemia in North Indian pregnant women. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2019 | volume= 14 | issue= 1 | pages= e0210634 | pmid=30699167 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0210634 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30699167 }}</ref> | *Pregnancy and lactation<ref name="pmid30699167">{{cite journal| author=Varghese JS, Swaminathan S, Kurpad AV, Thomas T| title=Demand and supply factors of iron-folic acid supplementation and its association with anaemia in North Indian pregnant women. | journal=PLoS One | year= 2019 | volume= 14 | issue= 1 | pages= e0210634 | pmid=30699167 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0210634 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30699167 }}</ref> | ||
*Alcohol consumption | *Alcohol consumption | ||
*[[Malignancy]] | |||
===Medication induced Folate Deficiency:=== | ===Medication induced Folate Deficiency:=== | ||
Medications can interfere with folate utilization, including: | Medications can interfere with folate utilization, including: | ||
*Anticonvulsant medications e. | *Anticonvulsant medications e.g [[phenytoin]] | ||
* | *[[Metformin]] | ||
*Methotrexate, an anti-cancer drug also used as an anti-inflammatory | *[[Methotrexate]], an anti-cancer drug also used as an anti-inflammatory | ||
*Sulfasalazine, used in Inflammatory bowel syndrome | *[[Sulfasalazine]], used in Inflammatory bowel syndrome | ||
*Birth control pills | *Birth control pills | ||
===Genetic or Metabolic disorder:=== | ===Genetic or Metabolic disorder:=== | ||
Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
=== Dietary Deficiency: === | === Dietary Deficiency: === | ||
* A diet low in fresh fruits, vegetables, and fortified cereals | * A diet low in fresh fruits, vegetables, and fortified cereals | ||
=== Folate deficiency related to increased destruction: === | |||
* superoxides can inactivate folate | |||
=== Folate deficiency due to increased loss: === | |||
* [[Vitamin B12]] deficiency causes "folate trap" and inhibits the utilization of folate in the body | |||
* Chronic alcoholism leads to increased excretion of folate into bile | |||
* Excessive urinary excretion as in chronic dialysis | |||
=== Endocrine causes of folate deficiency: === | |||
* [[Hypothyroidism]] which leads to decreased hepatic levels of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase | |||
=== Folate deficiency due to malabsorption: === | |||
* [[celiac disease]] | |||
* [[tropical sprue]] | |||
* [[achlorhydria]] | |||
* bacterial overgrowth in blind loops | |||
* strictures | |||
* adhesions | |||
* [[Diverticular disease|diverticula]] | |||
* | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Latest revision as of 03:28, 18 February 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
There is no established system for the classification of Folate deficiency. However, it can be classified into different categories,based on the causative factors.
Classification
There is no established system for the classification of Folate deficiency. However, it can be classified as follows :[1]
Some situations that increase the need for folate, may lead to folate deficiency in the body. These include:
- Hemorrhage
- Kidney dialysis
- Liver disease
- Pregnancy and lactation[2]
- Alcohol consumption
- Malignancy
Medication induced Folate Deficiency:
Medications can interfere with folate utilization, including:
- Anticonvulsant medications e.g phenytoin
- Metformin
- Methotrexate, an anti-cancer drug also used as an anti-inflammatory
- Sulfasalazine, used in Inflammatory bowel syndrome
- Birth control pills
Genetic or Metabolic disorder:
- Defects in folate metabolism
- Defects in folate absorption
Dietary Deficiency:
- A diet low in fresh fruits, vegetables, and fortified cereals
- superoxides can inactivate folate
Folate deficiency due to increased loss:
- Vitamin B12 deficiency causes "folate trap" and inhibits the utilization of folate in the body
- Chronic alcoholism leads to increased excretion of folate into bile
- Excessive urinary excretion as in chronic dialysis
Endocrine causes of folate deficiency:
- Hypothyroidism which leads to decreased hepatic levels of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
Folate deficiency due to malabsorption:
- celiac disease
- tropical sprue
- achlorhydria
- bacterial overgrowth in blind loops
- strictures
- adhesions
- diverticula
References
- ↑ "StatPearls". 2018. PMID 30570998.
- ↑ Varghese JS, Swaminathan S, Kurpad AV, Thomas T (2019). "Demand and supply factors of iron-folic acid supplementation and its association with anaemia in North Indian pregnant women". PLoS One. 14 (1): e0210634. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210634. PMID 30699167.