Nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
===Genetics=== | ===Genetics=== | ||
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include: | [[Gene|Genes]] involved in the [[pathogenesis]] of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include: | ||
*''[[MDM2]]'' | *''[[MDM2]]'' | ||
*''[[TP53]]'' | *''[[TP53]]'' | ||
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==Pathology== | ==Pathology== | ||
===Gross Pathology=== | ===Gross Pathology=== | ||
*Nasal cavity involvement - common in early disease<ref name="pmid22194474">{{Cite journal | last1 = Abdel Khalek Abdel Razek | first1 = A. | last2 = King | first2 = A. | title = MRI and CT of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. | journal = AJR Am J Roentgenol | volume = 198 | issue = 1 | pages = 11-8 | month = Jan | year = 2012 | doi = 10.2214/AJR.11.6954 | PMID = 22194474 }}</ref> | *[[Nasal cavity]] involvement - common in early [[disease]]<ref name="pmid22194474">{{Cite journal | last1 = Abdel Khalek Abdel Razek | first1 = A. | last2 = King | first2 = A. | title = MRI and CT of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. | journal = AJR Am J Roentgenol | volume = 198 | issue = 1 | pages = 11-8 | month = Jan | year = 2012 | doi = 10.2214/AJR.11.6954 | PMID = 22194474 }}</ref> | ||
The tumor arises from epithelial cells on the surface of the nasopharynx. | The [[tumor]] arises from [[epithelial cells]] on the surface of the nasopharynx. | ||
===Microscopic Pathology=== | ===Microscopic Pathology=== | ||
Features:<ref name="Librepathology">Nasopharyngeal carcinoma http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Nasopharyngeal_carcinoma</ref> | Features:<ref name="Librepathology">Nasopharyngeal carcinoma http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Nasopharyngeal_carcinoma</ref> | ||
*Prominent lymphoid component ([[Lymphoepithelioma]]) - '''key feature''' | *Prominent [[lymphoid]] component ([[Lymphoepithelioma]]) - '''key feature''' | ||
*Features of squamous cell carcinoma: | *Features of [[squamous cell carcinoma]]: | ||
**Cohesive cells with: | **Cohesive [[Cells (biology)|cells]] with: | ||
***Abundant dense eosinophilic cytoplasm | ***Abundant [[dense]] [[eosinophilic]] [[cytoplasm]] | ||
***Central nuclei +/- small/indistinct nucleoli | ***[[Central]] [[nuclei]] +/- small/indistinct [[nucleoli]] | ||
[[Image:Lymphoepithelioma_met_to_LN_6.jpg |thumb|none|250px| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br> | [[Image:Lymphoepithelioma_met_to_LN_6.jpg |thumb|none|250px| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br> | ||
[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] may be classified according to [[microscopic]] features into 3 subtypes:<ref name="Weidner's">{{cite book |author=Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor) |title=Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set) |publisher=W B Saunders |location=London |year= |pages= |isbn=0-7216-7253-1 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> | [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] may be [[Classification|classified]] according to [[microscopic]] [[Features (pattern recognition)|features]] into 3 subtypes:<ref name="Weidner's">{{cite book |author=Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor) |title=Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set) |publisher=W B Saunders |location=London |year= |pages= |isbn=0-7216-7253-1 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> | ||
*Well-differentiated ([[keratin]]izing type) | *Well-[[Differentiation|differentiated]] ([[keratin]]izing type) | ||
*Moderately-differentiated (nonkeratinizing type) | *Moderately-[[Differentiation|differentiated]] (nonkeratinizing type) | ||
*Undifferentiated (most strongly associated with [[Epstein-Barr virus]] infection) | *Undifferentiated (most strongly associated with [[Epstein-Barr virus]] infection) | ||
<gallery>Image:Lymphoepithelioma met to LN 4.jpg|Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma - low power | <gallery>Image:Lymphoepithelioma met to LN 4.jpg|Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma - low power | ||
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*EBER positive | *EBER positive | ||
*p16 negative<ref name="pmid9546345">{{cite journal |author=Gulley ML, Nicholls JM, Schneider BG, Amin MB, Ro JY, Geradts J |title=Nasopharyngeal carcinomas frequently lack the p16/MTS1 tumor suppressor protein but consistently express the retinoblastoma gene product |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=152 |issue=4 |pages=865–9 |year=1998 |month=April |pmid=9546345 |pmc=1858242 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *p16 negative<ref name="pmid9546345">{{cite journal |author=Gulley ML, Nicholls JM, Schneider BG, Amin MB, Ro JY, Geradts J |title=Nasopharyngeal carcinomas frequently lack the p16/MTS1 tumor suppressor protein but consistently express the retinoblastoma gene product |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=152 |issue=4 |pages=865–9 |year=1998 |month=April |pmid=9546345 |pmc=1858242 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
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[[Category:Oncology]] | [[Category:Oncology]] | ||
[[Category:Otolaryngology]] | [[Category:Otolaryngology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:54, 29 July 2020
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Microchapters |
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Differentiating Nasopharyngeal carcinoma from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathophysiology On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathophysiology |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Homa Najafi, M.D.[2]Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]
Overview
On microscopic histopathological analysis, abundant dense eosinophilic cytoplasm and prominent lymphoid component are characteristic findings of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Pathophysiology
Genetics
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include:
Pathology
Gross Pathology
- Nasal cavity involvement - common in early disease[1]
The tumor arises from epithelial cells on the surface of the nasopharynx.
Microscopic Pathology
Features:[2]
- Prominent lymphoid component (Lymphoepithelioma) - key feature
- Features of squamous cell carcinoma:
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma may be classified according to microscopic features into 3 subtypes:[3]
- Well-differentiated (keratinizing type)
- Moderately-differentiated (nonkeratinizing type)
- Undifferentiated (most strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection)
-
Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma - low power -
Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma - med. power -
Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma - high power
Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry stains for nasopharyngeal carcinoma include:
- EBER positive
- p16 negative[4]
References
- ↑ Abdel Khalek Abdel Razek, A.; King, A. (2012). "MRI and CT of nasopharyngeal carcinoma". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198 (1): 11–8. doi:10.2214/AJR.11.6954. PMID 22194474. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Nasopharyngeal carcinoma http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Nasopharyngeal_carcinoma
- ↑ Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor). Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set). London: W B Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-7253-1.
- ↑ Gulley ML, Nicholls JM, Schneider BG, Amin MB, Ro JY, Geradts J (1998). "Nasopharyngeal carcinomas frequently lack the p16/MTS1 tumor suppressor protein but consistently express the retinoblastoma gene product". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (4): 865–9. PMC 1858242. PMID 9546345. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)