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==[[Schwannoma overview|Overview]]==
==[[Schwannoma overview|Overview]]==
Schwannomas are benign tumors of Schwann cell origin and are the most common tumor of peripheral nerves, including cranial nerves.


==[[Schwannoma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Schwannoma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
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==[[Schwannoma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Schwannoma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==[[Schwannoma causes|Causes]]==
==[[ Schwannoma causes|Causes]]==


==[[Schwannoma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Schwannoma from other Diseases]]==
==[[ Schwannoma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Schwannoma from other Diseases]]==


==[[Schwannoma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[Schwannoma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
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==[[Schwannoma natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==[[Schwannoma natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
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==Diagnosis==
[[Schwannoma diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Schwannoma history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Schwannoma physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Schwannoma laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Schwannoma electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Schwannoma x ray|X-Ray Findings]] | [[Schwannoma echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[ Schwannoma CT scan|CT-Scan Findings]] | [[Schwannoma MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Schwannoma other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Schwannoma other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Overview==
==Treatment==
'''Schwannomatosis''' is one form of a genetic disorder called [[Neurofibromatosis]] (NF) that has only recently been recognized. It is a rare disorder, affecting only around 1:40,000 individuals.
[[Schwannoma medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [Schwannoma interventions|Interventions]] | [[ Schwannoma surgery|Surgery]] | [[Schwannoma primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Schwannoma secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Schwannoma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[ Schwannomafuture or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


== Symptoms ==
==Case Studies==
* [[Schwannomas_and_Neurofibromas|Schwannomas]] occur instead of [[Neurofibroma|Neurofibromas]].
[[ case study one|Case #1]]
* Multiple Schwannomas occur.
* The Schwannomas develop on cranial, spinal and peripheral nerves.
* Chronic pain, and sometimes numbness, tingling and weakness.
* About 1/3 of patients have segmental Schwannomatosis, which means that the Schwannomas are limited to a single part of the body, such as an arm, a leg or the spine.
* There are several cases where people with Schwannomatosis have developed a vestibular Schwannoma ([[acoustic neuroma]]).
* Patients with Schwannomatosis do not have learning disabilities related to the disease.
* Symptoms are generally brought on by hormonal changes such as puberty and pregnancy.
 
== Cause ==
* Like the NF1 and NF2 genes, the candidate Schwannomatosis gene, named INI1, is a tumor suppressor that regulates cell cycle, growth and differentiation. INI1 is also known as SMARCB1, hSNF5, or BAF47, and lies on human Chromosome 22. INI1 is also mutated in other tumors including malignant brain & kidney tumors in infants.
* Schwannomatosis is known to be a genetic disorder, however it can skip generations.


== Treatment ==
[[Category: (name of the system)]]
* If feasible, the Schwannomas can be surgically removed. Any tumor-associated pain usually subsides after tumor removal.  Damaged nerves and scar tissue can be a result of surgery and pain can be an ongoing problem.
* Sometimes, a tumor will reappear at the same site after surgery.
* If surgery is unfeasible, then pain management will have to be used.  Schwannomatosis can sometimes cause severe, untreatable pain over time.
* Other than surgery and/or pain management, there are no other medical treatments available. There are no drugs available to treat Schwannomatosis. 
* Gamma knife surgery can be performed on head tumors to help slow growth of a tumor, although there is no guarantee that it will work.
* Recently, many advances are being made in the treatment of schwannomas. Of interest is '''CyberKnife''', manufactured by '''Accuray'''. Success rates, although limited in data, appear to be in the low to mid ninety percent range.


[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
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==Diagnosis==
[[Schwannoma staging|Staging]] | [[Schwannoma history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Schwannoma physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Schwannoma laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Schwannoma x ray|X Ray]] | [[Schwannoma CT|CT]] | [[Schwannoma MRI|MRI]] | [[Schwannoma ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Schwannoma other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Schwannoma other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] | [[Schwannoma biopsy|Biopsy]]


==Treatment==
[[Schwannoma medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Schwannoma surgery|Surgery]] | [[Schwannoma primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Schwannoma secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] |  [[Schwannoma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] |  [[Schwannoma future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Case Studies==
==Case Studies==
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[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurosurgery]]
[[Category:Neurosurgery]]
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Latest revision as of 15:45, 15 October 2019


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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Neurilemmoma, Neurinoma, Neurolemmoma, Schwann cell tumor, Schwannomatosis

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Schwannoma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | [Schwannoma interventions|Interventions]] | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

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Case #1



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