Uveal melanoma risk factors: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma are [[cutaneous]] and [[iris]] [[nevi]], host pigmentation factors, ultraviolet light exposure, caucasian race, and certain inherited skin disorders such as [[dysplastic nevus syndrome]] and [[ocular]] melanocytosis.
Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] in the development of [[Uvea (anatomy)|uveal]] [[melanoma]] include advanced age, [[male]] gender, white race, [[Genetics|genetic]], [[ocular]] [[nevi]], [[pregnancy]], [[Immune system disorder|impaired immune system]], light colored [[iris]], [[sunlight]] exposure, and [[trauma]].


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Common [[risk factors]] in the development of uveal melanoma include advanced age, [[male]] gender, white [[race]], genetic, [[ocular]] [[nevi]], [[pregnancy]], [[Immune system disorder|impaired immune system]], light colored [[iris]], [[sunlight]] exposure, and [[trauma]].


=== Common Risk Factors ===
=== Common Risk Factors ===
* Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include:
* Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] in the development of uveal melanoma include:<ref name="EganSeddon1988">{{cite journal|last1=Egan|first1=Kathleen M.|last2=Seddon|first2=Johanna M.|last3=Glynn|first3=Robert J.|last4=Gragoudas|first4=Evangelos S.|last5=Albert|first5=Daniel M.|title=Epidemiologic aspects of uveal melanoma|journal=Survey of Ophthalmology|volume=32|issue=4|year=1988|pages=239–251|issn=00396257|doi=10.1016/0039-6257(88)90173-7}}</ref><ref name="NCI">Uveal melanoma. National Cancer Institute(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/hp/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 24 2015</ref><ref name="vanKoopmans2013">{{cite journal|last1=van|first1=J.G.M.|last2=Koopmans|first2=A.E.|last3=Verdijk|first3=R.M.|last4=Naus|first4=N.C.|last5=de|first5=A.|last6=Kilic|first6=E.|title=Diagnosis, Histopathologic and Genetic Classification of Uveal Melanoma|year=2013|doi=10.5772/53631}}</ref><ref name="Reese1944">{{cite journal|last1=Reese|first1=Algernon B.|title=Pigment Freckles of the Iris (Benign Melanomas): Their Significance in Relation to Malignant Melanoma of the Uvea⋆|journal=American Journal of Ophthalmology|volume=27|issue=3|year=1944|pages=217–226|issn=00029394|doi=10.1016/S0002-9394(44)91382-6}}</ref><ref name="Siegel1963">{{cite journal|last1=Siegel|first1=Ralph|title=Malignant Ocular Melanoma During Pregnancy|journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=185|issue=6|year=1963|pages=542|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.1963.03060060140028}}</ref><ref name="FisherKripke1982">{{cite journal|last1=Fisher|first1=M.|last2=Kripke|first2=M.|title=Suppressor T lymphocytes control the development of primary skin cancers in ultraviolet-irradiated mice|journal=Science|volume=216|issue=4550|year=1982|pages=1133–1134|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.6210958}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Risk Factors for Ocular Melanoma: Western Canada Melanoma Study<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">3</xref>|journal=JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute|year=1985|issn=1460-2105|doi=10.1093/jnci/74.4.775}}</ref><ref name="TuckerShields1985">{{cite journal|last1=Tucker|first1=Margaret A.|last2=Shields|first2=Jerry A.|last3=Hartge|first3=Patricia|last4=Augsburger|first4=James|last5=Hoover|first5=Robert N.|last6=Fraumeni|first6=Joseph F.|title=Sunlight Exposure as Risk Factor for Intraocular Malignant Melanoma|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=313|issue=13|year=1985|pages=789–792|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM198509263131305}}</ref><ref name="BabaBlumenkranz1986">{{cite journal|last1=Baba|first1=F. E.|last2=Blumenkranz|first2=M.|title=Malignant Melanoma at the Site of Penetrating Ocular Trauma|journal=Archives of Ophthalmology|volume=104|issue=3|year=1986|pages=405–409|issn=0003-9950|doi=10.1001/archopht.1986.01050150105038}}</ref>
** Age: The mean age for uveal melanoma is 55 years old and its incidence drops after 70 years of age.
**[[Age]]: (The mean age for uveal melanoma is 55 years old and its [[incidence]] drops after 70 years of [[age]])
** Gender: Males are more commonly affected with uveal melanoma than females.
**[[Male]] gender
** Race: Whites are more commonly affected by uveal melanoma than blacks.
**[[Race]]: Whites are more commonly affected by uveal melanoma than blacks.
** Genetic
**[[Genetics|Genetic]]
** Ocular nevi<ref name="Reese1944">{{cite journal|last1=Reese|first1=Algernon B.|title=Pigment Freckles of the Iris (Benign Melanomas): Their Significance in Relation to Malignant Melanoma of the Uvea⋆|journal=American Journal of Ophthalmology|volume=27|issue=3|year=1944|pages=217–226|issn=00029394|doi=10.1016/S0002-9394(44)91382-6}}</ref>
**[[Ocular]] [[nevi]]
** Melanocytosis
**[[Hormones]]: [[Pregnancy]] may increase the [[incidence]] of uveal melanoma.
** Hormones: Pregnancy may increase the incidence of uveal melanoma.<ref name="Siegel1963">{{cite journal|last1=Siegel|first1=Ralph|title=Malignant Ocular Melanoma During Pregnancy|journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=185|issue=6|year=1963|pages=542|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.1963.03060060140028}}</ref>
**[[Immune system disorder|Impaired immune system]]
** Impaired immune system<ref name="FisherKripke1982">{{cite journal|last1=Fisher|first1=M.|last2=Kripke|first2=M.|title=Suppressor T lymphocytes control the development of primary skin cancers in ultraviolet-irradiated mice|journal=Science|volume=216|issue=4550|year=1982|pages=1133–1134|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.6210958}}</ref>
** light colored-irides
** light colored-irides<ref>{{cite journal|title=Risk Factors for Ocular Melanoma: Western Canada Melanoma Study<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">3</xref>|journal=JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute|year=1985|issn=1460-2105|doi=10.1093/jnci/74.4.775}}</ref>
**[[Sunlight]] exposure
** Sunlight exposure<ref name="TuckerShields1985">{{cite journal|last1=Tucker|first1=Margaret A.|last2=Shields|first2=Jerry A.|last3=Hartge|first3=Patricia|last4=Augsburger|first4=James|last5=Hoover|first5=Robert N.|last6=Fraumeni|first6=Joseph F.|title=Sunlight Exposure as Risk Factor for Intraocular Malignant Melanoma|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=313|issue=13|year=1985|pages=789–792|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM198509263131305}}</ref>
**[[Trauma]]
** Fluorescent lighting<ref name="BeralShaw1982">{{cite journal|last1=Beral|first1=Valerie|last2=Shaw|first2=Helen|last3=Evans|first3=Susan|last4=Milton|first4=Gerald|title=MALIGNANT MELANOMA AND EXPOSURE TO FLUORESCENT LIGHTING AT WORK|journal=The Lancet|volume=320|issue=8293|year=1982|pages=290–293|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90270-7}}</ref>
**  
**  
**  
**
=== Less Common Risk Factors ===
=== Less Common Risk Factors ===
* Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
* Less common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include:<ref name="BeralShaw1982">{{cite journal|last1=Beral|first1=Valerie|last2=Shaw|first2=Helen|last3=Evans|first3=Susan|last4=Milton|first4=Gerald|title=MALIGNANT MELANOMA AND EXPOSURE TO FLUORESCENT LIGHTING AT WORK|journal=The Lancet|volume=320|issue=8293|year=1982|pages=290–293|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90270-7}}</ref><ref name="pmid545833">{{cite journal |vauthors=Albert DM |title=The association of viruses with urveal melanoma |journal=Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc |volume=77 |issue= |pages=367–421 |date=1979 |pmid=545833 |pmc=1311713 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** [Risk factor 1]
** Melanocytosis
** [Risk factor 2]
** Fluorescent lighting
** [Risk factor 3]
** Viruses ([[togavirus]])
***


== References ==  
== References ==  

Latest revision as of 03:18, 15 August 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include advanced age, male gender, white race, genetic, ocular nevi, pregnancy, impaired immune system, light colored iris, sunlight exposure, and trauma.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include advanced age, male gender, white race, genetic, ocular nevi, pregnancy, impaired immune system, light colored iris, sunlight exposure, and trauma.

Common Risk Factors

Less Common Risk Factors

  • Less common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include:[10][11]
    • Melanocytosis
    • Fluorescent lighting
    • Viruses (togavirus)

References

  1. ↑ Egan, Kathleen M.; Seddon, Johanna M.; Glynn, Robert J.; Gragoudas, Evangelos S.; Albert, Daniel M. (1988). "Epidemiologic aspects of uveal melanoma". Survey of Ophthalmology. 32 (4): 239–251. doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90173-7. ISSN 0039-6257.
  2. ↑ Uveal melanoma. National Cancer Institute(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/hp/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 24 2015
  3. ↑ van, J.G.M.; Koopmans, A.E.; Verdijk, R.M.; Naus, N.C.; de, A.; Kilic, E. (2013). "Diagnosis, Histopathologic and Genetic Classification of Uveal Melanoma". doi:10.5772/53631.
  4. ↑ Reese, Algernon B. (1944). "Pigment Freckles of the Iris (Benign Melanomas): Their Significance in Relation to Malignant Melanoma of the Uvea⋆". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 27 (3): 217–226. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(44)91382-6. ISSN 0002-9394.
  5. ↑ Siegel, Ralph (1963). "Malignant Ocular Melanoma During Pregnancy". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 185 (6): 542. doi:10.1001/jama.1963.03060060140028. ISSN 0098-7484.
  6. ↑ Fisher, M.; Kripke, M. (1982). "Suppressor T lymphocytes control the development of primary skin cancers in ultraviolet-irradiated mice". Science. 216 (4550): 1133–1134. doi:10.1126/science.6210958. ISSN 0036-8075.
  7. ↑ "Risk Factors for Ocular Melanoma: Western Canada Melanoma Study<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">3</xref>". JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1985. doi:10.1093/jnci/74.4.775. ISSN 1460-2105.
  8. ↑ Tucker, Margaret A.; Shields, Jerry A.; Hartge, Patricia; Augsburger, James; Hoover, Robert N.; Fraumeni, Joseph F. (1985). "Sunlight Exposure as Risk Factor for Intraocular Malignant Melanoma". New England Journal of Medicine. 313 (13): 789–792. doi:10.1056/NEJM198509263131305. ISSN 0028-4793.
  9. ↑ Baba, F. E.; Blumenkranz, M. (1986). "Malignant Melanoma at the Site of Penetrating Ocular Trauma". Archives of Ophthalmology. 104 (3): 405–409. doi:10.1001/archopht.1986.01050150105038. ISSN 0003-9950.
  10. ↑ Beral, Valerie; Shaw, Helen; Evans, Susan; Milton, Gerald (1982). "MALIGNANT MELANOMA AND EXPOSURE TO FLUORESCENT LIGHTING AT WORK". The Lancet. 320 (8293): 290–293. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90270-7. ISSN 0140-6736.
  11. ↑ Albert DM (1979). "The association of viruses with urveal melanoma". Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 77: 367–421. PMC 1311713. PMID 545833.

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