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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| | {{Brain Stem Gliomas}} |
| {{CMG}}{{AE}}{{SR}} | | {{CMG}}{{AE}}{{SR}} |
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
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| *'''Cervicomedullary''' | | *'''Cervicomedullary''' |
| **Probably an artificial group made up of the downward extension of true brainstem gliomas or upward extension of upper cervical cord intramedullary spinal cord tumors. | | **Probably an artificial group made up of the downward extension of true brainstem gliomas or upward extension of upper cervical cord intramedullary spinal cord tumors. |
| | | {{familytree/end}} |
| {| | |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |<small>Diseases</small>
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| | colspan="5" |<small>'''Symptoms'''
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| ! colspan="4" |<small>Physical Examination</small>
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| ! colspan="3" |<small>Diagnostic tests</small>
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| ! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |<small>Past medical history</small>
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| ! rowspan="2" |<small>Other Findings</small>
| |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
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| !<small>Hematuria</small>
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| !<small>Pyuria</small>
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| !<small>Frequency</small>
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| !<small>Urgency</small>
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| !<small>Dysuria</small>
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| !<small>Fever</small>
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| !<small>Tenderness</small>
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| !<small>Discharge</small>
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| !<small>Inguinal Lymphadenopathy</small>
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| !<small>Urinalysis</small>
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| !<small>Urine Culture</small>
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| !<small>Gold Standard
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| |-
| |
| | colspan="15" |'''Differentiating amongst different types of urinary tract infections:'''
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| |-
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| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pyelonephritis|'''Pyelonephritis''']]
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | [[Flank pain|Flank]] or [[costovertebral angle]]
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| |
| *[[Leukocytes]]
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| *[[Nitrite test|Nitrite]] +ve
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| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | Identifies causative [[bacteria]]
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| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | [[Urine culture]]
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| | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| |
| * History of [[pyelonephritis]]
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| * Recent history of [[hospitalisation]]
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| * [[Nephrolithiasis]]
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| * [[Immunosupression]]
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| | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| * [[Flank pain|Costovertebral angle tenderness]]
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| * Patient is in acute distress
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| * Look for obstructive causes
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| |-
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| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | [[Cystitis|'''Cystitis''']]
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | Suprapubic
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| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | –
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| |
| *[[Nitrite test|Nitrite]] +ve
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| *[[Leukocyte esterase]] +ve
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| *[[White blood cells|WBCs]]
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| *[[RBCs]]
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| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | >100,000CFU/mL
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| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | [[Urine culture]]
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| | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| |
| *Recent catheterisation
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| *[[Pregnancy]]
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| *Recent intercourse
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| *[[Diabetes]]
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| *Personal or [[family history]] of [[UTI]]
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| *Known abnormality of the [[urinary tract]]
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| *[[BPH]]
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| *[[HIV]]
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| | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| * Imaging studies help differentiate the various types
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| * May accompany [[back pain]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], and [[chills]]
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| |-
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| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Urethritis|'''Urethritis''']]
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | –
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | –
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | –
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | –
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| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | [[Urethral discharge]]
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| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| *Positive [[leukocyte esterase]] test or >10 [[White blood cells|WBCs]]
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| *Mucous threads in the morning [[urine]]
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| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | –
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| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | [[Gram stain]] & mucoid or [[purulent]] [[discharge]]
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| | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| * Prior [[STD]]s
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| * [[Urinary tract infection|Urinary tract infections]]
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| * New sexual partner
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| * Recent intercourse
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| * Recent [[catheterization]]
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| | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| *[[Purulent]] [[discharge]] may suggest [[gonorrhoea]]
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| *Exclusive [[dysuria]] suggest [[Chlamydia]]
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| *Painful genital [[ulcers]] with [[dysuria]] suggest [[HSV]]
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| |-
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| | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Prostatitis|'''Prostatitis''']]
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | –
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | –
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | –
| |
| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | –
| |
| | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| |
| *10–20 [[leukocytes]] for acute and chronic [[bacterial]] subtypes
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| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | Identifies causative [[bacteria]] (in [[bacterial]] subtypes)
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| | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | [[Urine culture]]
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| | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| |
| * [[Urogenital]] disorders
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| * Recent [[catheterization]] or other [[genitourinary]] instrumentation
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| * History of [[UTI|UTIs]]
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| | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| |
| *[[Tenderness|Tender]] and [[enlarged prostate]] in [[acute prostatitis]]<sup>[[Prostatitis physical examination|[1][3]]]</sup>
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| *Tender and soft (boggy) [[prostate]] in chronic [[prostatitis]]<sup>[[Prostatitis physical examination|[1]]]</sup>
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| * A [[prostate massage]] should never be done in a patient with suspected [[acute prostatitis]], since it may induce [[sepsis]].
| |
| |-
| |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |<small>Diseases</small>
| |
| | colspan="5" |<small>'''Symptoms'''
| |
| ! colspan="4" |<small>Physical Examination</small>
| |
| ! colspan="3" |<small>Diagnostic tests</small>
| |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |<small>Past medical history</small>
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |<small>Other Findings</small>
| |
| |- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
| |
| !<small>Hematuria</small>
| |
| !<small>Pyuria</small>
| |
| !<small>Frequency</small>
| |
| !<small>Urgency</small>
| |
| !<small>Dysuria</small>
| |
| !<small>Fever</small>
| |
| !<small>Tenderness</small>
| |
| !<small>Discharge</small>
| |
| !<small>Inguinal Lymphadenopathy</small>
| |
| !<small>Urinalysis</small>
| |
| !<small>Urine Culture</small>
| |
| !<small>Gold Standard
| |
| |-
| |
| | |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{reflist}} | | {{reflist|2}} |
| [[Category:Disease]] | | [[Category:Oncology]] |
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |