Gestational diabetes risk factors: Difference between revisions
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The predisposing risk factors for gestational diabetes include; an age >25 years, [[Body mass index|BMI]] >25, positive history of impaired glucose tolerance test or GDM, positive family history of diabetes, certain ethnic groups, certain medical condition, and multiple gestation. | The predisposing risk factors for gestational diabetes include; an age >25 years, [[Body mass index|BMI]] >25, positive history of impaired glucose tolerance test or GDM, positive family history of diabetes, certain ethnic groups, certain medical condition, and multiple gestation. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Risk factors for gestational diabetes include:<ref name="pmid9315766">{{cite journal |vauthors=Solomon CG, Willett WC, Carey VJ, Rich-Edwards J, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE, Spiegelman D, Manson JE |title=A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus |journal=JAMA |volume=278 |issue=13 |pages=1078–83 |year=1997 |pmid=9315766 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19691951">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim C, Liu T, Valdez R, Beckles GL |title=Does frank diabetes in first-degree relatives of a pregnant woman affect the likelihood of her developing gestational diabetes mellitus or nongestational diabetes? |journal=Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. |volume=201 |issue=6 |pages=576.e1–6 |year=2009 |pmid=19691951 |pmc=2789883 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.069 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22353954">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gibson KS, Waters TP, Catalano PM |title=Maternal weight gain in women who develop gestational diabetes mellitus |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=119 |issue=3 |pages=560–5 |year=2012 |pmid=22353954 |doi=10.1097/AOG.0b013e31824758e0 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27222507">{{cite journal |vauthors=Retnakaran R, Shah BR |title=Impact of Twin Gestation and Fetal Sex on Maternal Risk of Diabetes During and After Pregnancy |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=39 |issue=8 |pages=e110–1 |year=2016 |pmid=27222507 |doi=10.2337/dc16-0825 |url=}}</ref><ref name=NCBI>{{cite journal | author = Lucinda J. England , Richard J. Levine, Cong Qian, Lisa M. Soule, Enrique F. Schisterman, Kai F. Yu and Patrick M. Catalano | title = [http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/160/12/1205 Glucose Tolerance and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Nulliparous Women Who Smoke during Pregnancy], | journal =American Journal of Epidemiology | volume = | issue = | pages = | year = 2004}}</ref> | Risk factors for gestational diabetes include:<ref name="pmid9315766">{{cite journal |vauthors=Solomon CG, Willett WC, Carey VJ, Rich-Edwards J, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE, Spiegelman D, Manson JE |title=A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus |journal=JAMA |volume=278 |issue=13 |pages=1078–83 |year=1997 |pmid=9315766 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19691951">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim C, Liu T, Valdez R, Beckles GL |title=Does frank diabetes in first-degree relatives of a pregnant woman affect the likelihood of her developing gestational diabetes mellitus or nongestational diabetes? |journal=Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. |volume=201 |issue=6 |pages=576.e1–6 |year=2009 |pmid=19691951 |pmc=2789883 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.069 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22353954">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gibson KS, Waters TP, Catalano PM |title=Maternal weight gain in women who develop gestational diabetes mellitus |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=119 |issue=3 |pages=560–5 |year=2012 |pmid=22353954 |doi=10.1097/AOG.0b013e31824758e0 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27222507">{{cite journal |vauthors=Retnakaran R, Shah BR |title=Impact of Twin Gestation and Fetal Sex on Maternal Risk of Diabetes During and After Pregnancy |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=39 |issue=8 |pages=e110–1 |year=2016 |pmid=27222507 |doi=10.2337/dc16-0825 |url=}}</ref><ref name="NCBI">{{cite journal | author = Lucinda J. England , Richard J. Levine, Cong Qian, Lisa M. Soule, Enrique F. Schisterman, Kai F. Yu and Patrick M. Catalano | title = [http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/160/12/1205 Glucose Tolerance and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Nulliparous Women Who Smoke during Pregnancy], | journal =American Journal of Epidemiology | volume = | issue = | pages = | year = 2004}}</ref> | ||
* A [[Family history (medicine)|family history]] of diabetes especially in first degree relatives | * A [[Family history (medicine)|family history]] of diabetes especially in first degree relatives | ||
* Maternal age >25 yrs | * Maternal age >25 yrs | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
* Smoking (doubles the risk of gestational diabetes) | * Smoking (doubles the risk of gestational diabetes) | ||
* [[Multiple gestation]] | * [[Multiple gestation]] | ||
* Genetic predisposition (.e.g. glucokinase mutation) | * Genetic predisposition (.e.g. [[glucokinase]] [[mutation]]) | ||
*Chronic or gestational hypertension | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 07:06, 30 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
The predisposing risk factors for gestational diabetes include; an age >25 years, BMI >25, positive history of impaired glucose tolerance test or GDM, positive family history of diabetes, certain ethnic groups, certain medical condition, and multiple gestation.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for gestational diabetes include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- A family history of diabetes especially in first degree relatives
- Maternal age >25 yrs
- Certain ethnic groups (such as Native American, Hispanic-American, African-American, South or East Asian, Pacific Islander)
- Body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2
- Gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance test in previous pregnancies
- Previous delivery of a baby >9 pounds
- Personal history of impaired glucose tolerance or impared fasting glucose (pre-diabetes)
- Glycosuria at the first prenatal visit
- Certain medical conditions (such as metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), current use of glucocorticoids, hypertension)
- Previous history of unexplained miscarriage or stillbirth
- Smoking (doubles the risk of gestational diabetes)
- Multiple gestation
- Genetic predisposition (.e.g. glucokinase mutation)
- Chronic or gestational hypertension
References
- ↑ Solomon CG, Willett WC, Carey VJ, Rich-Edwards J, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE, Spiegelman D, Manson JE (1997). "A prospective study of pregravid determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus". JAMA. 278 (13): 1078–83. PMID 9315766.
- ↑ Kim C, Liu T, Valdez R, Beckles GL (2009). "Does frank diabetes in first-degree relatives of a pregnant woman affect the likelihood of her developing gestational diabetes mellitus or nongestational diabetes?". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 201 (6): 576.e1–6. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.069. PMC 2789883. PMID 19691951.
- ↑ Gibson KS, Waters TP, Catalano PM (2012). "Maternal weight gain in women who develop gestational diabetes mellitus". Obstet Gynecol. 119 (3): 560–5. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31824758e0. PMID 22353954.
- ↑ Retnakaran R, Shah BR (2016). "Impact of Twin Gestation and Fetal Sex on Maternal Risk of Diabetes During and After Pregnancy". Diabetes Care. 39 (8): e110–1. doi:10.2337/dc16-0825. PMID 27222507.
- ↑ Lucinda J. England , Richard J. Levine, Cong Qian, Lisa M. Soule, Enrique F. Schisterman, Kai F. Yu and Patrick M. Catalano (2004). "Glucose Tolerance and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Nulliparous Women Who Smoke during Pregnancy,". American Journal of Epidemiology. External link in
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