Palpitation x ray: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
A [[x-ray]] may be employed in the diagnosis of patients presenting with [[palpitations]] when there is an increased suspicion of [[structural heart disease]].   
A [[x-ray]] may be employed in the diagnosis of [[patients]] presenting with palpitation when there is an increased suspicion of [[structural heart disease]].  <ref name="pmid21766757">{{cite journal| author=Wexler RK, Pleister A, Raman S| title=Outpatient approach to palpitations. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2011 | volume= 84 | issue= 1 | pages= 63-9 | pmid=21766757 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21766757  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28613787">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2020 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=28613787 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> <ref name="pmid28613787">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2020 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=28613787 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> <ref name="pmid28613787">{{cite journal| author=| title=StatPearls | journal= | year= 2020 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=28613787 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> <ref name="pmid29431371">{{cite journal| author=Wexler RK, Pleister A, Raman SV| title=Palpitations: Evaluation in the Primary Care Setting. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2017 | volume= 96 | issue= 12 | pages= 784-789 | pmid=29431371 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29431371  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid31256490">{{cite journal| author=McLellan AJ, Kalman JM| title=Approach to palpitations. | journal=Aust J Gen Pract | year= 2019 | volume= 48 | issue= 4 | pages= 204-209 | pmid=31256490 | doi=10.31128/AJGP-12-17-4436 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31256490  }} </ref>


==X Ray==
==X Ray==


*A [[x-ray]] may be employed in the diagnosis of patients presenting with [[palpitations]] when there is an increased suspicion of [[structural heart disease]].   
*A [[x-ray]] may be employed in the diagnosis of [[patients]] presenting with palpitations when there is an increased suspicion of [[structural heart disease]].   
*These include conditions such as :  
*These include conditions such as :  
*#[[Mitral Valve Prolapse]]
*#[[Mitral Valve Prolapse]]
*#[[Severe aortic regurgitation]]
*#Severe [[aortic regurgitation]]
*#[[Severe mitral regurgitation]]
*#Severe [[mitral regurgitation]]
*#[[Congenital Heart diseases]]
*#[[Congenital heart diseases]]
*#[[Mechanical Prosthetic valves]]
*#Mechanical [[prosthetic valves]]
*#[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
*#[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] <ref name="pmid10458728">{{cite journal| author=Crawford MH, Bernstein SJ, Deedwania PC, DiMarco JP, Ferrick KJ, Garson A | display-authors=etal| title=ACC/AHA guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography: executive summary and recommendations. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (committee to revise the guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography). | journal=Circulation | year= 1999 | volume= 100 | issue= 8 | pages= 886-93 | pmid=10458728 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.100.8.886 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10458728  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid8629647">{{cite journal| author=Weber BE, Kapoor WN| title=Evaluation and outcomes of patients with palpitations. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1996 | volume= 100 | issue= 2 | pages= 138-48 | pmid=8629647 | doi=10.1016/s0002-9343(97)89451-x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8629647  }} </ref>  <ref name="pmid8629647">{{cite journal| author=Weber BE, Kapoor WN| title=Evaluation and outcomes of patients with palpitations. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1996 | volume= 100 | issue= 2 | pages= 138-48 | pmid=8629647 | doi=10.1016/s0002-9343(97)89451-x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8629647  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid29995805">{{cite journal| author=Clementy N, Fourquet A, Andre C, Bisson A, Pierre B, Fauchier L | display-authors=etal| title=Benefits of an early management of palpitations. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2018 | volume= 97 | issue= 28 | pages= e11466 | pmid=29995805 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000011466 | pmc=6076186 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29995805  }} </ref> <ref name="pmidhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29995805">{{cite journal| author=Clementy N, Fourquet A, Andre C, Bisson A, Pierre B, Fauchier L | display-authors=etal| title=Benefits of an early management of palpitations. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2018 | volume= 97 | issue= 28 | pages= e11466 | pmid=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29995805 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000011466 | pmc=6076186 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29995805  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid9426932">{{cite journal| author=Fraser S, Evans MF| title=Diagnosis and prognosis of patients with palpitations. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 1997 | volume= 43 | issue=  | pages= 2131-2 | pmid=9426932 | doi= | pmc=2255099 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9426932  }} </ref>


==Xray Examples==
===X-ray Examples===


===[[Severe Mitral Regurgitation]]===
===[[Severe Mitral Regurgitation]]===


*[[Chest x-ray]] demonstrates [[cardiomegaly]] with features of [[left atrial enlargement]] (double contour on the right, [[splayed carina]] and enlarged [[left atrial auricle]]). The [[heart]] is also generally enlarged as are the [[pulmonary veins]], particularly in the right upper zone.  
*[[Chest x-ray]] demonstrates [[cardiomegaly]] with features of [[left atrial]] enlargement (double contour on the right, splayed [[carina]] and enlarged [[left atrial auricle]]). The [[heart]] is also generally enlarged as are the [[pulmonary veins]], particularly in the right upper zone.  
*The rough outline of the [[left atrium]] (yellow) can be inferred by the presence of a double border on the right (green arrow), [[splaying of the carina]] (blue) and prominence of the [[left atrial appendage]] (red arrow).  
*The rough outline of the [[left atrium]] (yellow) can be inferred by the presence of a double border on the right (green arrow), [[splaying of the carina]] (blue) and prominence of the [[left atrial appendage]] (red arrow).  


[[Image: Mitral Regurgitation Palpitations.jpeg|thumb|centre|500px|Case courtesy of Assoc Prof Frank Gaillard, <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/18796">rID: 18796</a>]]
[[Image: Mitral Regurgitation Palpitations.jpeg|thumb|centre|500px|Case courtesy of Assoc Prof Frank Gaillard <ref> href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/18796">rID: 18796 </ref>]]


===[[Prosthetic Heart Valves]]===
===[[Prosthetic Heart Valves]]===


*[[Mitral valve]] replacement and [[cardiac pacemaker]] following [[AVSD]] repair with BCPC ([[bidirectional cavo-pulmonary connection]]).
*[[Mitral valve]] replacement and [[cardiac pacemaker]] following [[AVSD]] repair with BCPC (bidirectional cavo-pulmonary connection).


[[Image:Prosthetic Heart Valve Palpitations.jpg|thumb|centre|500px|Case courtesy of Dr Jeremy Jones, <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/23985">rID: 23985</a>]]
[[Image:Prosthetic Heart Valve Palpitations.jpg|thumb|centre|500px|Case courtesy of Dr Jeremy Jones, <ref> href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/23985">rID: 23985</ref>]]


===[[Atrial Septal Defect]]===
===[[Atrial Septal Defect]]===
*[[Cardiac contour]] is at the upper limit of normal for size.
*[[Cardiac contour]] is at the upper limit of normal for size.
*The [[aortic arch]] is small, and the [[pulmonary trunk]] prominent, consistent with previous history of [[atrial septal defect]].
*The [[aortic arch]] is small, and the [[pulmonary trunk]] prominent, consistent with the previous history of [[atrial septal defect]].
*[[Lungs and pleural spaces]] are clear. No [[pneumothorax]] shown. No [[displaced fracture]].
*[[Lungs and pleural spaces]] are clear. No [[pneumothorax]] shown. No [[displaced fracture]].


[[Image: Xray ASD Palpitations.jpeg|thumb|centre|500px|https://radiopaedia.org/cases/atrial-septal-defect-6?lang=gb]]
[[Image: Xray ASD Palpitations.jpeg|thumb|centre|500px|<ref>https://radiopaedia.org/cases/atrial-septal-defect-6?lang=gb</ref>]]




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Latest revision as of 17:58, 31 January 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akash Daswaney, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

A x-ray may be employed in the diagnosis of patients presenting with palpitation when there is an increased suspicion of structural heart disease. [1][2] [2] [2] [3] [4]

X Ray

X-ray Examples

Severe Mitral Regurgitation

Case courtesy of Assoc Prof Frank Gaillard [10]

Prosthetic Heart Valves

Case courtesy of Dr Jeremy Jones, [11]

Atrial Septal Defect

[12]


References

  1. ↑ Wexler RK, Pleister A, Raman S (2011). "Outpatient approach to palpitations". Am Fam Physician. 84 (1): 63–9. PMID 21766757.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "StatPearls". 2020. PMID 28613787.
  3. ↑ Wexler RK, Pleister A, Raman SV (2017). "Palpitations: Evaluation in the Primary Care Setting". Am Fam Physician. 96 (12): 784–789. PMID 29431371.
  4. ↑ McLellan AJ, Kalman JM (2019). "Approach to palpitations". Aust J Gen Pract. 48 (4): 204–209. doi:10.31128/AJGP-12-17-4436. PMID 31256490.
  5. ↑ Crawford MH, Bernstein SJ, Deedwania PC, DiMarco JP, Ferrick KJ, Garson A; et al. (1999). "ACC/AHA guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography: executive summary and recommendations. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (committee to revise the guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography)". Circulation. 100 (8): 886–93. doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.8.886. PMID 10458728.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Weber BE, Kapoor WN (1996). "Evaluation and outcomes of patients with palpitations". Am J Med. 100 (2): 138–48. doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(97)89451-x. PMID 8629647.
  7. ↑ Clementy N, Fourquet A, Andre C, Bisson A, Pierre B, Fauchier L; et al. (2018). "Benefits of an early management of palpitations". Medicine (Baltimore). 97 (28): e11466. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000011466. PMC 6076186. PMID 29995805.
  8. ↑ Clementy N, Fourquet A, Andre C, Bisson A, Pierre B, Fauchier L; et al. (2018). "Benefits of an early management of palpitations". Medicine (Baltimore). 97 (28): e11466. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000011466. PMC 6076186. PMID https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29995805 Check |pmid= value (help).
  9. ↑ Fraser S, Evans MF (1997). "Diagnosis and prognosis of patients with palpitations". Can Fam Physician. 43: 2131–2. PMC 2255099. PMID 9426932.
  10. ↑ href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/18796">rID: 18796
  11. ↑ href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/23985">rID: 23985
  12. ↑ https://radiopaedia.org/cases/atrial-septal-defect-6?lang=gb
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