C4 glomerulopathy

C4 glomerulopathy Microchapters
Complement Mediated Glomerular Disorders Main Page
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Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating C4 glomerulopathy from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
X ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Imaging Studies
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3] Norina Usman, M.B.B.S[4]

Synonyms and keywords: glomerulonephritis; C4 glomerulonephritis; dense deposit disease

Historical Perspective

There is limited information about the historical perspective of C4 glomerulopathy.

Classification

C4 glomerulopathy may be classified based on complement deposition into Dense Deposit Disease (DDD) and C4 Glomerulonephritis (C4GN).

Pathophysiology

It is thought that C4 glomerulopathy is the result of the activation of immune complex glomerulonephritis or lectin pathway of the complement.

Causes

C4 glomerulopathy may be caused by mutation of complement factor,anti-factor H, anti-factor B, or C4 nephritic factor.

Differentiating C4 glomerulopathy from other Diseases

C4 glomerulopathy must be differentiated from other diseases that cause proteinuria, hematuria, and peripheral edema, such as IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulus /minimal change disease, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and lupus nephritis.

Epidemiology and Demographics

There is not much information available about the incidence and prevalence.

Risk factors

There are no established risk factors for C4 glomerulopathy.

Screening

There is insufficient information to recommend routine screening for C4 glomerulopathy.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

If left untreated, C4 glomerulopathy may progress to develop renal failure.

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Studies | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Surgery | Medical therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1