Mental retardation historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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===Discovery=== | ===Discovery=== | ||
Intellectual disability traces its roots back to [[ancient civilizations]]. The [[Egyptians]] focused on treating [[disabilities]] and other [[ailments]], while [[Greek]] and [[Roman]] [[Civilizations]] negatively viewed [[disability]], killing those with disabilities. During the [[Middle Ages]], [[intellectual disability]] revolved around [[religion]] and [[superstitions]]. The [[Church]] became a [[refuge]] for the [[individual]] with disabilities by providing shelter. The [[Restoration period]] associated [["idiocy"]] and [[mental illness]] with [[immortality]] for which having a [[disability]] is a [[punishment]]. | |||
In the [[17th century]], [[John Locke]] differentiated intellectual disabilities from [[physical ones]], where both [[mental]] and [[emotional]] [[deficits]] characterized [[intellectual]] [[disabilities]]. [[Oxford]] [[Philosopher]] [[Willis]] pinpointed various [[etiologies]] for a [[mental disability]] such as [[heredity]], [[trauma]], other [[diseases]], and [[spirits]]. <ref name="RothSarawgi2019">{{cite journal|last1=Roth|first1=Emily A.|last2=Sarawgi|first2=Shivali N.|last3=Fodstad|first3=Jill C.|title=History of Intellectual Disabilities|year=2019|pages=3–16|issn=2192-922X|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-20843-1_1}}</ref> | |||
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===Impact on Cultural History=== | ===Impact on Cultural History=== | ||
Previously, intellectual disability is known by the terms [[mental retardation]] that included the categories of an [[idiot]], [[imbecile]] and [[moron]]. These terms are based on [[IQ]] test scores. In 2010, President [[Barack Obama]] signed [[Rosa's law]], which removed "[[mental retardation]]" and [[mentally retarded]] from [[federal]] use. This change was also implemented in the [[DSM5]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=+https://www.psychdb.com/child/intellectual-disability |title=Intellectual Disability (ID) - PsychDB |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 04:39, 22 July 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chelsea Mae Nobleza, M.D.[2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Discovery
Intellectual disability traces its roots back to ancient civilizations. The Egyptians focused on treating disabilities and other ailments, while Greek and Roman Civilizations negatively viewed disability, killing those with disabilities. During the Middle Ages, intellectual disability revolved around religion and superstitions. The Church became a refuge for the individual with disabilities by providing shelter. The Restoration period associated "idiocy" and mental illness with immortality for which having a disability is a punishment. In the 17th century, John Locke differentiated intellectual disabilities from physical ones, where both mental and emotional deficits characterized intellectual disabilities. Oxford Philosopher Willis pinpointed various etiologies for a mental disability such as heredity, trauma, other diseases, and spirits. [1]
Impact on Cultural History
Previously, intellectual disability is known by the terms mental retardation that included the categories of an idiot, imbecile and moron. These terms are based on IQ test scores. In 2010, President Barack Obama signed Rosa's law, which removed "mental retardation" and mentally retarded from federal use. This change was also implemented in the DSM5. [2]
References
- ↑ Roth, Emily A.; Sarawgi, Shivali N.; Fodstad, Jill C. (2019). "History of Intellectual Disabilities": 3–16. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20843-1_1. ISSN 2192-922X.
- ↑ [+https://www.psychdb.com/child/intellectual-disability "Intellectual Disability (ID) - PsychDB"] Check
|url=value (help).