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==Overview==
==Overview==
Common risk factors in the development of adiposogenital dystrophy is [[Hypothalamus|hypothalamic tumors]].
Common risk factors in the development of adiposogenital dystrophy are male sex, [[Hypothalamus|hypothalamic tumors]], infectious, autoimmune, chemical, traumatic, and radiation insults to the brain.
 
==Risk factors==
==Risk factors==
Common risk factors in the development of adiposogenital dystrophy is [[Hypothalamus|hypothalamic tumors]].{{cite web |url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/froelichs-syndrome/ |title=Froelich Syndrome - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}
Risk factors for [[adiposogenital genital dystrophy]] include:
* Tumors of the hypothalamus and pituitary<ref>Babinski-fröhlich syndrome. Bissonnette B, & Luginbuehl I, & Marciniak B, & Dalens B.J.(Eds.), (2006). Syndromes: Rapid Recognition and Perioperative Implications. McGraw Hill. https://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=852&sectionid=49517244</ref>
* Male sex <ref>Babinski-fröhlich syndrome. Bissonnette B, & Luginbuehl I, & Marciniak B, & Dalens B.J.(Eds.), (2006). Syndromes: Rapid Recognition and Perioperative Implications. McGraw Hill. https://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=852&sectionid=49517244</ref>
* Radiation <ref>Bhandare N, Kennedy L, Malyapa RS, Morris CG, Mendenhall WM. Hypopituitarism after radiotherapy for extracranial head and neck cancers. Head Neck. 2008 Sep;30(9):1182-92.</ref> <ref>Sfeir JG, Kittah NEN, Tamhane SU, Jasim S, Chemaitilly W, Cohen LE, Murad MH. Diagnosis of GH Deficiency as a Late Effect of Radiotherapy in Survivors of Childhood Cancers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Aug 01;103(8):2785-2793.</ref>
* Autoimmune disease <ref name="pmid12638724">{{cite journal| author=Molina A, Mañá J, Villabona C, Fernández-Castañer M, Soler J| title=Hypothalamic-pituitary sarcoidosis with hypopituitarism. Long-term remission with methylprednisolone pulse therapy. | journal=Pituitary | year= 2002 | volume= 5 | issue= 1 | pages= 33-6 | pmid=12638724 | doi=10.1023/a:1022153401880 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12638724  }} </ref> <ref>Belojevic G, Maric-Zivkovic J (2005) Sarcoidosis and obesity. Med Pregl 58(Suppl 1):44–45 Medline</ref>
* Traumatic brain injuries <ref>Krahulik D, Zapletalova J, Frysak Z, Vaverka M. Dysfunction of hypothalamic-hypophysial axis after traumatic brain injury in adults. J Neurosurg. 2010 Sep;113(3):581-4.</ref> <ref>Tudor RM, Thompson CJ. Posterior pituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: review. Pituitary. 2019 Jun;22(3):296-304.</ref>
* Infections<ref name="pmid30937075">{{cite journal| author=Aulakh R, Chopra S| title=Pediatric Tubercular Meningitis: A Review. | journal=J Pediatr Neurosci | year= 2018 | volume= 13 | issue= 4 | pages= 373-382 | pmid=30937075 | doi=10.4103/JPN.JPN_78_18 | pmc=6413593 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30937075  }} </ref> <ref>Babinski-fröhlich syndrome. Bissonnette B, & Luginbuehl I, & Marciniak B, & Dalens B.J.(Eds.), (2006). Syndromes: Rapid Recognition and Perioperative Implications. McGraw Hill. https://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=852&sectionid=49517244</ref>
* Chemotherapy <ref>van Iersel L, Li Z, Srivastava DK, Brinkman TM, Bjornard KL, Wilson CL, Green DM, Merchant TE, Pui CH, Howell RM, Smith SA, Armstrong GT, Hudson MM, Robison LL, Ness KK, Gajjar A, Krull KR, Sklar CA, van Santen HM, Chemaitilly W. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Disorders in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Long-Term Health Outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Dec 01;104(12):6101-6115.</ref> <ref>Chemaitilly W, Armstrong GT, Gajjar A, Hudson MM. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Dysfunction in Survivors of Childhood CNS Tumors: Importance of Systematic Follow-Up and Early Endocrine Consultation. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Dec 20;34(36):4315-4319.</ref>
* Deep brain stimulation <ref name="pmid15878586">{{cite journal| author=Tuite PJ, Maxwell RE, Ikramuddin S, Kotz CM, Kotzd CM, Billington CJ | display-authors=etal| title=Weight and body mass index in Parkinson's disease patients after deep brain stimulation surgery. | journal=Parkinsonism Relat Disord | year= 2005 | volume= 11 | issue= 4 | pages= 247-52 | pmid=15878586 | doi=10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.01.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15878586  }} </ref> <ref>Romito LM, Scerrati M, Contarino MF, Iacoangeli M, Bentivoglio AR, Albanese A (2003) Bilateral high frequency subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: long-term neurological follow-up. J Neurosurg Sci 47:119–128 Medline</ref>
 
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 22:47, 19 December 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of adiposogenital dystrophy are male sex, hypothalamic tumors, infectious, autoimmune, chemical, traumatic, and radiation insults to the brain.

Risk factors

Risk factors for adiposogenital genital dystrophy include:

References

  1. ↑ Babinski-fröhlich syndrome. Bissonnette B, & Luginbuehl I, & Marciniak B, & Dalens B.J.(Eds.), (2006). Syndromes: Rapid Recognition and Perioperative Implications. McGraw Hill. https://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=852&sectionid=49517244
  2. ↑ Babinski-fröhlich syndrome. Bissonnette B, & Luginbuehl I, & Marciniak B, & Dalens B.J.(Eds.), (2006). Syndromes: Rapid Recognition and Perioperative Implications. McGraw Hill. https://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=852&sectionid=49517244
  3. ↑ Bhandare N, Kennedy L, Malyapa RS, Morris CG, Mendenhall WM. Hypopituitarism after radiotherapy for extracranial head and neck cancers. Head Neck. 2008 Sep;30(9):1182-92.
  4. ↑ Sfeir JG, Kittah NEN, Tamhane SU, Jasim S, Chemaitilly W, Cohen LE, Murad MH. Diagnosis of GH Deficiency as a Late Effect of Radiotherapy in Survivors of Childhood Cancers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Aug 01;103(8):2785-2793.
  5. ↑ Molina A, Mañá J, Villabona C, Fernández-Castañer M, Soler J (2002). "Hypothalamic-pituitary sarcoidosis with hypopituitarism. Long-term remission with methylprednisolone pulse therapy". Pituitary. 5 (1): 33–6. doi:10.1023/a:1022153401880. PMID 12638724.
  6. ↑ Belojevic G, Maric-Zivkovic J (2005) Sarcoidosis and obesity. Med Pregl 58(Suppl 1):44–45 Medline
  7. ↑ Krahulik D, Zapletalova J, Frysak Z, Vaverka M. Dysfunction of hypothalamic-hypophysial axis after traumatic brain injury in adults. J Neurosurg. 2010 Sep;113(3):581-4.
  8. ↑ Tudor RM, Thompson CJ. Posterior pituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: review. Pituitary. 2019 Jun;22(3):296-304.
  9. ↑ Aulakh R, Chopra S (2018). "Pediatric Tubercular Meningitis: A Review". J Pediatr Neurosci. 13 (4): 373–382. doi:10.4103/JPN.JPN_78_18. PMC 6413593. PMID 30937075.
  10. ↑ Babinski-fröhlich syndrome. Bissonnette B, & Luginbuehl I, & Marciniak B, & Dalens B.J.(Eds.), (2006). Syndromes: Rapid Recognition and Perioperative Implications. McGraw Hill. https://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=852&sectionid=49517244
  11. ↑ van Iersel L, Li Z, Srivastava DK, Brinkman TM, Bjornard KL, Wilson CL, Green DM, Merchant TE, Pui CH, Howell RM, Smith SA, Armstrong GT, Hudson MM, Robison LL, Ness KK, Gajjar A, Krull KR, Sklar CA, van Santen HM, Chemaitilly W. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Disorders in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Long-Term Health Outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Dec 01;104(12):6101-6115.
  12. ↑ Chemaitilly W, Armstrong GT, Gajjar A, Hudson MM. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Dysfunction in Survivors of Childhood CNS Tumors: Importance of Systematic Follow-Up and Early Endocrine Consultation. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Dec 20;34(36):4315-4319.
  13. ↑ Tuite PJ, Maxwell RE, Ikramuddin S, Kotz CM, Kotzd CM, Billington CJ; et al. (2005). "Weight and body mass index in Parkinson's disease patients after deep brain stimulation surgery". Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 11 (4): 247–52. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.01.006. PMID 15878586.
  14. ↑ Romito LM, Scerrati M, Contarino MF, Iacoangeli M, Bentivoglio AR, Albanese A (2003) Bilateral high frequency subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: long-term neurological follow-up. J Neurosurg Sci 47:119–128 Medline

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