Adrenal atrophy natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Adrenal atrophy is mainly due to the prolonged malfunction of the adrenal gland. If left untreated, the patients are mainly at risk of a lethal condition, called adrenal crisis. Common complications of the adrenal atrophy and its malfunction include hypoglycemia, dehydration, weight loss, and disorientation. Prognosis is generally poor, due to the irreversibility of atrophy. | Adrenal atrophy is mainly due to the prolonged malfunction of the adrenal gland. If left untreated, the patients are mainly at risk of a lethal condition, called adrenal crisis. Common complications of the adrenal atrophy and its malfunction include [[hypoglycemia]], [[dehydration]], weight loss, and disorientation. Prognosis is generally poor, due to the irreversibility of atrophy. | ||
==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
The onset of clinical manifestations is dependent to the etiology of the atrophy. However, the symptoms of the adrenal atrophy usually develop in patient’s 30s to 50s and in their 60s in the case of secondary adrenal atrophy. | The onset of clinical manifestations is dependent to the etiology of the atrophy. However, the symptoms of the adrenal atrophy usually develop in patient’s 30s to 50s and in their 60s in the case of secondary adrenal atrophy. | ||
If left untreated, the patients are mainly at risk of a lethal condition, called adrenal crisis. Symptoms include low blood pressure, profound weakness, high fever, nausea and vomiting, dehydration, confusion and coma. | If left untreated, the patients are mainly at risk of a lethal condition, called adrenal crisis. Symptoms include low blood pressure, profound [[weakness]], high [[fever]], nausea and vomiting, [[dehydration]], confusion and [[coma]]. | ||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Common complications of the adrenal atrophy and its malfunction include hypoglycemia, dehydration, weight loss, and disorientation. | Common complications of the adrenal atrophy and its malfunction include [[hypoglycemia]], [[dehydration]], weight loss, and disorientation. | ||
Additional signs and symptoms include weakness, tiredness, dizziness, low blood pressure that falls further when standing (orthostatic hypotension), cardiovascular collapse, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These problems may develop gradually and insidiously. | Additional signs and symptoms include weakness, tiredness, dizziness, low blood pressure that falls further when standing ([[orthostatic hypotension]]), [[cardiovascular collapse]], muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These problems may develop gradually and insidiously. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
Prognosis is generally poor, due to the irreversibility of atrophy and the one out of 200 patients with adrenal atrophy dies each year due to the adrenal crisis.<ref name="pmid29716733">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hahner S |title=Acute adrenal crisis and mortality in adrenal insufficiency: Still a concern in 2018! |journal=Ann Endocrinol (Paris) |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=164–166 |date=June 2018 |pmid=29716733 |doi=10.1016/j.ando.2018.04.015 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16287965">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brender E, Lynm C, Glass RM |title=JAMA patient page. Adrenal insufficiency |journal=JAMA |volume=294 |issue=19 |pages=2528 |date=November 2005 |pmid=16287965 |doi=10.1001/jama.294.19.2528 |url=}}</ref> | Prognosis is generally poor, due to the irreversibility of atrophy and the one out of 200 patients with adrenal atrophy dies each year due to the [[adrenal crisis]].<ref name="pmid29716733">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hahner S |title=Acute adrenal crisis and mortality in adrenal insufficiency: Still a concern in 2018! |journal=Ann Endocrinol (Paris) |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=164–166 |date=June 2018 |pmid=29716733 |doi=10.1016/j.ando.2018.04.015 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16287965">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brender E, Lynm C, Glass RM |title=JAMA patient page. Adrenal insufficiency |journal=JAMA |volume=294 |issue=19 |pages=2528 |date=November 2005 |pmid=16287965 |doi=10.1001/jama.294.19.2528 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 04:32, 25 August 2023
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maryam Hadipour, M.D.[2]
Overview
Adrenal atrophy is mainly due to the prolonged malfunction of the adrenal gland. If left untreated, the patients are mainly at risk of a lethal condition, called adrenal crisis. Common complications of the adrenal atrophy and its malfunction include hypoglycemia, dehydration, weight loss, and disorientation. Prognosis is generally poor, due to the irreversibility of atrophy.
Natural History
The onset of clinical manifestations is dependent to the etiology of the atrophy. However, the symptoms of the adrenal atrophy usually develop in patient’s 30s to 50s and in their 60s in the case of secondary adrenal atrophy. If left untreated, the patients are mainly at risk of a lethal condition, called adrenal crisis. Symptoms include low blood pressure, profound weakness, high fever, nausea and vomiting, dehydration, confusion and coma.
Complications
Common complications of the adrenal atrophy and its malfunction include hypoglycemia, dehydration, weight loss, and disorientation. Additional signs and symptoms include weakness, tiredness, dizziness, low blood pressure that falls further when standing (orthostatic hypotension), cardiovascular collapse, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These problems may develop gradually and insidiously.
Prognosis
Prognosis is generally poor, due to the irreversibility of atrophy and the one out of 200 patients with adrenal atrophy dies each year due to the adrenal crisis.[1][2]
References
- ↑ Hahner S (June 2018). "Acute adrenal crisis and mortality in adrenal insufficiency: Still a concern in 2018!". Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 79 (3): 164–166. doi:10.1016/j.ando.2018.04.015. PMID 29716733.
- ↑ Brender E, Lynm C, Glass RM (November 2005). "JAMA patient page. Adrenal insufficiency". JAMA. 294 (19): 2528. doi:10.1001/jama.294.19.2528. PMID 16287965.